ELD-526SURWA/S530-A3 Takardar Bayanin Tsarin Nuni na Lambobi Bakwai - Tsawon Lamba 13.6mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.4V - Ja Mai Haske - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

ELD-526SURWA/S530-A3 nuni ne na lamba guda ɗaya, na lambobi bakwai wanda aka ƙera don ɗora ta cikin rami. Yana da girman masana'antu na yau da kullun tare da tsawon lamba na milimita 13.6 (inci 0.54). An gina na'urar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin LED na AlGaInP ja mai haske, wanda aka sanya a cikin fakitin resin farar fata wanda ke nuna fuskar launin toka. An ƙera wannan haɗin don samar da amintacciyar inganci da ingantaccen karantawa ko da a cikin yanayi mai haske. An rarraba nunin bisa ga ƙarfin haske kuma ya yi daidai da ka'idojin muhalli marasa gubar da RoHS, wanda ya sa ya dace da tsarin haɗa na'urorin lantarki na zamani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idodin wannan nunin sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, daidaitaccen wurin ƙafa don sauƙin maye gurbi ko haɗawa, da ƙarfin aiki a cikin yanayi daban-daban na haske. Ƙirarsa ta ba da fifikon tsawon rai da kuma fitarwa mai daidaito. Ayyukan manufa sun bambanta, suna mai da hankali da farko akan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da na masana'antu inda karatun lambobi bayyananne ke da mahimmanci. Manyan kasuwanni sun haɗa da allunan sarrafa kayan aikin gida (misali, tanda, injunan wanki), kayan aikin auna, da nunin karatun lambobi na gabaɗaya a cikin kayan aiki daban-daban.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na haƙiƙa game da ƙayyadaddun lantarki, na gani, da na zafi na na'urar kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin takardar bayanin.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba sharuɗɗan aiki na yau da kullun ba ne.

• Ƙarfin Wuta Baya (V_R):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar a cikin karkatar da baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin kai nan da nan.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):25 mA (Ci gaba). Matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda za'a iya amfani da shi akai-akai.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP):60 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na bugun jini da aka ƙayyade, wanda aka ƙayyade a cikin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 da kuma mitar 1 kHz. Yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen haɗawa da yawa.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):60 mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi, wanda aka lissafta azaman Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F) wanda aka ninka da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F).
• Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin yanayin da aka tabbatar cewa na'urar za ta cika ƙayyadaddun bayananta da aka buga.
• Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder (T_sol):260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin solder na igiyar ruwa ko na hannu.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

An auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun sharuɗɗan gwaji (Ta=25°C) kuma suna wakiltar aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v):Matsakaicin ƙimar shine 12.5 mcd a kowane sashe lokacin da aka tuƙa shi a 10 mA. Mafi ƙarancin da aka ƙayyade shine 7.8 mcd. Takardar bayanin ta lura da jurewar ±10% akan ƙarfin haske, wanda wani ɓangare ne na tsarin rarrabuwa (binning). Ma'aunin shine matsakaici a cikin lamba ɗaya ta sassa bakwai.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_p):632 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsawon zango inda fitarwar bakan ta fi ƙarfi.
• Mafi Rinjaye Tsawon Zango (λ_d):624 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsawon zango da idon ɗan adam ke gani kuma yana ayyana launi (ja mai haske).
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan yana nuna kewayon tsayin zango da aka fitar, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da matsakaicin tsawon zango.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):2.0 V (na yau da kullun), tare da matsakaicin 2.4 V a 20 mA. Jurewar shine ±0.1V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 µA a ƙarfin wutar baya na 5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Takardar bayanin ta nuna cewa na'urorin \"An Rarraba su don ƙarfin haske.\" Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarrabawa ko rarrabuwa.

• Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken:Ana gwada LED ɗin kuma a raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi (kwantena) bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu. Ƙayyadaddun jurewar ±10% yana ayyana iyaka don wani kwanti. Masu ƙira ya kamata su sani cewa haske na iya bambanta a cikin wannan kewayon daga wani rukuni na samarwa zuwa wani, wanda zai iya zama bayyane idan an yi amfani da nuni da yawa a gefe ɗaya a cikin samfur.
• Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba:Duk da yake ba a bayyana shi a fili azaman ma'aunin kwanti ba, jurewar ±0.1V akan V_Fyana nuna tsauraran kulawa. Babban bambanci a cikin ƙarfin wutar gaba a cikin sassa da yawa ko lambobi zai iya haifar da rarraba halin yanzu mara daidaito idan aka tuƙa shi a cikin sauƙaƙan tsari na layi daya ba tare da iyakance halin yanzu na kowane ɗaya ba.
• Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango/Launi:Takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade ƙimar yau da kullun don matsakaicin tsawon zango da rinjaye amma ba ta ambaci takamaiman kwantena na launi ba. Don daidaitaccen nuni ja mai haske, matsakaicin tsawon zango na rinjaye na 624 nm shine manufa.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ba da haske game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan da ba na yau da kullun ba.

4.1 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwasa rarraba bakan (dangantakar ƙarfi da tsawon zango) zai nuna ƙunƙuntaccen kololuwa wanda ya ta'allaka a kusa da 632 nm (kololuwa) tare da tsawon zango mafi rinjaye a 624 nm. Faɗin bakan na 20 nm yana nuna launin ja mai tsafta, wanda shine halayen kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP. An san wannan kayan da ingantacciyar inganci a cikin kewayon launin ja zuwa amber.

4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana kwatanta dangantakar da ba ta layi tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Don LED na yau da kullun, lanƙwasa yana nuna ƙaramin halin yanzu har sai ƙarfin wutar gaba ya kai wani wuri \"gwiwa\" (kusan 1.8-2.0V don wannan na'urar), bayan haka halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Wannan yana jaddada mahimmancin tuƙi LED tare da tushen halin yanzu na akai maimakon tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na akai don hana guduwar zafi da kuma tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske.

4.3 Lanƙwasa Rage Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan babban jadawali ne don sarrafa zafi. Yana nuna matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba da aka halatta a matsayin aiki na zafin yanayi. Yayin da zafin yanayi ke ƙaruwa, ikon na'urar na watsa zafi yana raguwa. Don haka, dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na aiki mai aminci (rage ƙima) don hana wuce iyakar zafin haɗin kai da kuma tabbatar da amincin dogon lokaci. Lanƙwasa yawanci yana farawa daga ƙimar halin yanzu (misali, 25 mA) a 25°C kuma yana gangarowa zuwa halin yanzu sifili a matsakaicin zafin haɗin kai.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Ma'auni da Zane

Zanen ma'aunin fakitin yana ba da daidaitattun ma'auni na zahiri don shimfidar PCB. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da daukakar gabaɗaya, faɗi, da zurfin nunin, tazarar tsakanin fil (pitch), diamita na fil, da girman ramin PCB da aka ba da shawarar. Zanen ya haɗa da bayanin cewa jurewar shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade akasin haka. Dole ne injiniyoyi su bi waɗannan ma'auni don tabbatar da daidaitaccen dacewa da daidaitawa akan allon da'ira da aka buga.

5.2 Pinout da Gano Polarity

Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna tsarin anode gama gari na sassa bakwai da ma'anar goma (idan akwai). Yana gano lambobin fil ɗin da suka dace da kowane sashe (a har zuwa g) da fil ɗin anode gama gari (s). Gano polarity daidai yana da mahimmanci; amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki baya ko haɗin gama gari ba daidai ba zai hana nunin haskakawa ko kuma ya iya lalata shi.

6. Jagororin Solder da Hada

• Tsarin Solder:Na'urar ta dace da solder na igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar zafin solder shine 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokacin dakika 5. Wannan daidaitaccen ƙima ce don abubuwan cikin rami kuma tana taimakawa wajen hana lalacewar zafi ga ƙwayar LED da fakitin filastik.
• Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):Takardar bayanin ta ƙunshi ƙaƙƙarfan gargaɗi game da hankalin ESD. AlGaInP LED na iya lalacewa ta hanyar zubar da wutar lantarki. Abubuwan kariya na hannu da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu masu ƙasa, wuraren aiki masu aminci da ESD da bene, tabarma tebur masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki, da kuma daidaitaccen ƙasa na duk kayan aiki. Idan akwai kayan rufi, ya kamata a yi amfani da ionizers ko wasu hanyoyin daidaita caji.
• Sharuɗɗan Ajiya:Ya kamata a adana na'urori a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin ajiya (-40°C zuwa +100°C) a cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin zafi, mai kariya daga ESD.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin

An tattara na'urar a cikin bututu don haɗawa ta atomatik. Daidaitaccen tsarin shiryawa shine: guda 20 a kowane bututu, bututu 36 a kowane akwati, da akwatuna 4 a kowane babban akwatin. Wannan ya kai guda 2,880 a kowane akwatin.

7.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamar shiryawa ta haɗa da lambobi da yawa: Lambar Samfur na Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfur na Masana'anta (P/N), Adadin Shiryawa (QTY), Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT), da Lambar Rukuni (LOT No.). Filin \"CAT\" yana daidai kai tsaye da kwantin ƙarfin haske da aka tattauna a baya.

8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

A matsayin nunin anode gama gari, anodes (fil ɗin gama gari) yawanci ana haɗa su zuwa ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kyau ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko kuma mai sauya transistor (don haɗawa da yawa). Sa'an nan kuma an haɗa cathode na kowane sashe zuwa IC direba (kamar mai rarraba/kwararren sassa bakwai ko fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller) wanda zai iya nutse da halin yanzu da ake buƙata. Resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin dole ne ga kowane sashe ko anode gama gari don saita halin yanzu na gaba zuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 10-20 mA). Ana lissafin ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Gargadi

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da tuƙi na halin yanzu na akai ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Kada a taɓa haɗa LED kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
• Kariya daga Ƙarfin Wutar Baya:Dole ne da'irar tuƙi ta tabbatar cewa ba a amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki baya ga LED, ko da lokacin da aka kashe. Ci gaba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki baya zai iya haifar da ƙaura na ƙarfe da lalacewa ta dindindin. A cikin da'irorin AC ko na haɗawa da yawa, yi la'akari da ƙara diode kariya a layi daya tare da LED (wanda aka karkatar da baya yayin aiki na yau da kullun).
• Gudanar da Zafi:Don aikace-aikacen zafin yanayi mai girma ko kuma lokacin tuƙi kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu, yi la'akari da lanƙwasa rage ƙima. Tabbatar da isasshen tazara akan PCB don watsa zafi.
• Haɗawa da Yawa:Wannan nunin ya dace da aikace-aikacen haɗawa da yawa inda lambobi da yawa ke raba layukan direba. Matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba (60 mA a zagayowar aiki 1/10) yana goyan bayan wannan. Matsakaicin halin yanzu a kowane sashe bai kamata ya wuce ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba (25 mA) ba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi ko ƙananan nunin, ELD-526SURWA/S530-A3 yana ba da takamaiman fa'idodi:

• Kayan (AlGaInP vs. GaAsP):Fasahar AlGaInP tana ba da ingantacciyar inganci mai haske da launin ja mai cikakken haske idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin LED na GaAsP, waɗanda galibi suna bayyana kamar lemu ko duhu.
• Daidaitaccen Girma:Tsawon lamba na 13.6mm daidaitaccen ma'auni ne na masana'antu, yana tabbatar da dacewa mai yawa tare da ƙirar samfur da ke akwai da kuma bezels.
• Ƙarancin Amfani da Wutar Lantarki:Tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar gaba na 2.0V, yana aiki yadda ya kamata, yana rage buƙatun wutar lantarki da samar da zafi idan aka kwatanta da nunin da ke da mafi girma V_F.
• Fuskar Launin toka:Fuskar launin toka (daidai da baki) tana ba da mafi kyawun bambanci a cikin yanayi mai haske ta hanyar rage hasken yanayi da aka nuna, yana haɓaka karantawa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Tambaya: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nunin tare da dabaru na 5V daga microcontroller?

Amsa: I, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Misali, don cimma ~10 mA tare da wadata 5V: R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.01A = 300 Ohms. Resistor 330 Ohm ƙimar daidaitacce ce wanda zai samar da ɗan ƙaramin halin yanzu, wanda yake da aminci.

Tambaya: Me yasa akwai ƙayyadadden ƙaramin ƙarfin haske (7.8 mcd) da na yau da kullun (12.5 mcd)?

Amsa: Mafi ƙarancin shine ƙayyadadden iyaka ga na'urorin da aka sayar a ƙarƙashin wannan lambar sashi. Na yau da kullun shine matsakaicin fitarwa daga samarwa. Saboda tsarin rarrabawa (±10%), kuna iya karɓar na'urorin waɗanda haskensu yana ko'ina a cikin wannan kewayon da aka rarraba.

Tambaya: Shin wannan nunin ya dace da amfani a waje?

Amsa: Kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) yana nuna cewa zai iya ɗaukar yanayi mai faɗi. Duk da haka, don bayyanawa kai tsaye a waje, yi la'akari da ƙarin abubuwan da ba a rufe su a cikin takardar bayanin ba, kamar juriyar UV na filastik, kariya daga ruwa, da rufin PCB.

Tambaya: Me zai faru idan na wuce ƙarfin wutar lantarki baya na 5V?

Amsa: Wuce ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki baya zai iya haifar da gazawar haɗin kai nan da nan kuma mai tsanani saboda rushewar avalanche. Ba a ƙera na'urar don jure karkatar da baya ba.

11. Ƙira mai Amfani da Lamarin Amfani

Lamari: Ƙirar Karatun Voltmeter Lambobi Saurara.

Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki na benci wanda ke buƙatar nunin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai lamba 3. Sun zaɓi nunin ELD-526SURWA/S530-A3 guda uku. Microcontroller (misali, ATmega328) zai yi amfani da IC direba na sassa bakwai kamar MAX7219. Matakan ƙira sun haɗa da: 1) Shimfida PCB bisa ga ma'aunin fakitin, tabbatar da daidaitaccen tazarar fil. 2) Haɗa anodes gama gari na kowane lamba zuwa layukan zaɓin lamba na direban IC. 3) Haɗa cathodes na sashe (a-g) zuwa layukan sashe na direban IC. 4) Shirye-shiryen microcontroller don karanta ƙimar ADC, canza shi zuwa ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da aika daidaitattun lambobin lamba zuwa MAX7219 ta hanyar SPI. 5) Saita halin yanzu na tuƙi a cikin rajistar MAX7219 don niyya 10-15 mA a kowane sashe, tabbatar da cewa ya tsaya a cikin ƙimar nunin. An zaɓi fuskar launin toka na nunin musamman saboda yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje yana da hasken fitila na sama.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Nuni na LED na sassa bakwai taro ne na LED ɗin haske na mutum ɗaya waɗanda aka tsara su cikin tsarin lamba \"8\". Kowane sashe (mai suna a har zuwa g) LED ne daban. Ta hanyar kunna takamaiman sassa, ana iya samar da kowace lamba daga 0 zuwa 9 da wasu haruffa. ELD-526SURWA/S530-A3 yana amfani da tsarin anode gama gari, ma'ana anodes (tashoshi masu kyau) na duk LED ɗin sashe a cikin lamba ɗaya an haɗa su tare zuwa fil ɗin gama gari (s). Don haskaka wani sashe, an haɗa anode gama gari zuwa tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki (ta hanyar mai iyakance halin yanzu), kuma cathode (tashoshi mara kyau) an haɗa shi zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki (ƙasa). Ana samar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP: lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske) a tsawon zango da ya dace da bandgap na kayan, wanda ke cikin bakan ja.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Nunin LED na sassa bakwai suna wakiltar fasaha mai girma kuma mai aminci. Duk da yake sabbin fasahohin nuni kamar OLED na dot-matrix ko TFT LCD suna ba da sassauci mafi girma don zane-zane da kuma rubutun al'ada, LED na sassa bakwai suna riƙe da manyan fa'idodi a cikin takamaiman aikace-aikace: mafi girman haske da karantawar hasken rana, faɗin kusurwar kallo sosai, babban aminci da tsawon rai, sauƙin sarrafawa, da ƙaramin farashi don aikace-aikacen da kawai ke buƙatar fitarwa na lambobi. Trend a cikin irin waɗannan nunin LED na rarrabuwa yana zuwa ga ingantacciyar inganci (ƙarin fitarwa na haske a kowane mA na halin yanzu), ƙarfin rarrabawa don daidaiton launi da haske, da ci gaba da bin ka'idojin muhalli masu tasowa (RoHS, REACH). Fakitin cikin rami, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan takardar bayanin, ana ƙara haɗa shi da sigar na'urar haɗawa da ƙasa (SMD) don haɗawa ta atomatik, amma cikin rami ya kasance mai mahimmanci don ƙirar samfuri, gyara, da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin injiniya mafi girma.