Takardar Bayani na Na'urar Nuni ta LED mai Lambobi Hudu da Tsawon Kashi 0.28 - Tsayin Lamba 7mm - Launi Ja Mai Karfi - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da na'urar nuni ta LED mai lambobi hudu da tsawon kashi 0.28 (7 mm). An ƙera wannan na'urar don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuna lambobi a fili, mai haske, tare da kyakkyawan gani. Ta yi amfani da fasahar guntuwar AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) mai ci gaba don sassanta masu fitar da haske, waɗanda aka ƙera musamman don samar da fitar launin ja mai karfi. Nuni yana da fuskar launin toka da sassa masu fari, wanda ke taimakawa wajen samun bambanci mai girma da kyakkyawan bayyanar haruffa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na haske.

Tushen ka'idar ƙirar ta mayar da hankali ne kan samar da ingantaccen mafita mai ƙarfi, tare da ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ya dace da nau'ikan samfuran masu amfani, na masana'antu, da na kayan aikin da nuna bayanan lambobi ke da muhimmanci a cikinsu.

2. Siffofi da Fa'idodi Masu Muhimmanci

Nuni ya ƙunshi siffofi da yawa na ƙira waɗanda ke haɓaka ayyukansa da amfaninsa:

• Tsayin Lamba:0.28 inci (7.0 mm), yana ba da girman daidaitaccen girman don kyakkyawan karantawa ba tare da cin sararin saman panel sosai ba.
• Ƙirar Sashi:Sassa masu ci gaba daidai suna tabbatar da haske mai daidaito da kuma bayyanar haruffa masu ƙwarewa, masu tsabta.
• Aikin Gani:Yana ba da haske mai girma da bambanci mai girma, wanda guntuwar AlInGaP da ƙirar fuskar toka/sassa fari ke sauƙaƙa.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da cewa nuni yana ci gaba da iya karantawa daga matsayi daban-daban dangane da mai amfani.
• Aiki Mai Ƙarancin Wutar Lantarki:An ƙera shi don ingantaccen fitar da haske dangane da wutar lantarki da ake shigowa, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da baturi ko masu kula da makamashi.
• Amincewa:A matsayin na'urar da ba ta motsi, tana ba da babban aminci da dogon rayuwar aiki idan aka kwatanta da na'urori masu motsi.
• Rarrabe (Binning):An rarrabe ƙarfin haske (binning), wanda ke ba da damar daidaiton haske a cikin raka'o'i da yawa a cikin jerin samarwa.

3. Cikakken Bayani na Ƙididdiga na Fasaha

3.1 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana ayyana aikin nuni a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji a yanayin zafin jiki (T_A) na 25°C. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da:

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):Ya kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 200 µcd zuwa na yau da kullun 600 µcd lokacin da ake tuƙi da wutar lantarki ta gaba (I_F) na 1 mA a kowane sashi. Ana auna wannan ma'auni ta amfani da na'urar firikwensin da aka tace don kusanta da lissafin amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):Yawanci 639 nm, yana ayyana babban wurin launi na fitarwar ja mai karfi.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 20 nm, yana nuna tsantsar bakan hasken da aka fitar.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Yawanci 631 nm, wani muhimmin ma'auni don tantance launin da ake gani.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba a kowane Sashi (V_F):Yawanci 2.6 V tare da matsakaicin 2.6 V a I_F= 20 mA. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi.
• Wutar Lantarki ta Baya a kowane Sashi (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki ta baya (V_R) na 5 V.
• Matsakaicin Daidaita Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V-m):Matsakaicin 2:1, yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske mai ma'ana tsakanin sassa daban-daban na lamba ɗaya ko a cikin lambobi.

3.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a waje da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki a kowane Sashi:Matsakaicin 70 mW.
• Matsakaicin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba a kowane Sashi:Matsakaicin 90 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin haɗin gwiwa, faɗin bugun jini 0.1 ms).
• Ci gaba da Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba a kowane Sashi:Matsakaicin 25 mA a 25°C. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa a layi daya a 0.33 mA/°C yayin da zafin jiki ya karu.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki ta Baya a kowane Sashi:Matsakaicin 5 V.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-35°C zuwa +85°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-35°C zuwa +85°C.
• Zafin Solder:Na'urar na iya jure zafin solder na 260°C na tsawon dakika 3 a nisan 1/16 inci (kimanin 1.6 mm) a ƙasan matakin wurin zama.

4. Bayanin Jiki da Kunshin

Na'urar ta zo a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin nuni na LED. Zanen girma da aka bayar yana ƙayyadad da ainihin ƙafar jiki, gami da tazarar tsakanin lambobi, tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, zurfi, da matsayi da diamita na ƙira. Duk girmansu ana bayar da su a cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewar ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga shimfidar PCB (Allon Da'irar da aka Bugawa) da haɗin kai na injiniya cikin akwatin ƙarshen samfurin.

5. Tsarin Ƙira da Da'irar Ciki

Nuni yana da tsarin ƙira 16. An saita shi azamannau'in cathode gama gari mai yawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa an haɗa cathode na kowane lamba daban, yayin da anodes na sassa masu dacewa (misali, duk sassan 'A') an haɗa su tare a cikin lambobi. Wannan gine-ginen yana ba da damar haɗawa, inda ake haskaka lambobi ɗaya bayan ɗaya cikin sauri, yana rage adadin ƙira masu tuƙi da jimlar amfani da wutar lantarki.

Tsarin ƙira kamar haka:

• Ƙira 1: Cathode Gama Gari (Lamba 1)
• Ƙira 2: Anode don sashi C da L3
• Ƙira 3: Anode don Maƙasudin Ƙima (D.P.)
• Ƙira 5: Anode don sashi E
• Ƙira 6: Anode don sashi D
• Ƙira 7: Anode don sashi G
• Ƙira 8: Cathode Gama Gari (Lamba 4)
• Ƙira 11: Cathode Gama Gari (Lamba 3)
• Ƙira 12: Cathode Gama Gari don alamun L1, L2, L3
• Ƙira 13: Anode don sashi A da L1
• Ƙira 14: Cathode Gama Gari (Lamba 2)
• Ƙira 15: Anode don sashi B da L2
• Ƙira 16: Anode don sashi F
• Ƙira 4, 9, 10 an lura da su a matsayin "Babu Haɗin" ko "Babu Ƙira".

Zanen da'irar ciki yawanci yana nuna haɗin guntuwar LED na kowane sashi da lamba, yana bayyana tsarin cathode gama gari mai yawa.

6. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe (Binning)

Takardar bayani ta nuna cewa na'urorin "An Rarrabe su don Ƙarfin Hasken." Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarrabe ko rarrabe dangane da fitar hasken da aka auna. Yayin samarwa, ƙananan bambance-bambance suna faruwa. Ta hanyar gwadawa da rarrabe raka'o'i zuwa takamaiman kwandon ƙarfi (misali, kewayon ƙimar µcd), masu kera da masu ƙira za su iya tabbatar da cewa duk nunin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin samfur ɗaya ko rukunin samarwa suna da matakan haske iri ɗaya. Wannan yana hana bambance-bambance a fili a cikin ƙarfin nuni tsakanin raka'o'i, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ingancin samfur da ƙwarewar mai amfani. Masu ƙira yakamata su ƙayyade kwandon da ake buƙata lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da daidaito.

7. Bincike akan Lissafin Aiki

Takardar bayani tana nuni ga "Lissafin Halayen Lantarki / Na Gani na Yau da Kullun." Duk da cewa ba a bayyana takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun ba, irin waɗannan lissafin da aka haɗa a cikin cikakkun takardun bayani suna da mahimmanci don ƙira:

• Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (I_F) vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (V_F):Wannan lissafin IV yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba, yana taimakawa wajen tantance madaidaicin resistor mai iyakancewar wutar lantarki ko saitin tuƙi mai ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki don wani ƙayyadadden wutar lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V) vs. Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (I_F):Wannan lissafin yana nuna yadda fitar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da wutar lantarki, sau da yawa a cikin yanayin ƙasa da layi a manyan wutar lantarki, yana sanar da yanke shawara kan wutar lantarki don hasken da ake so da inganci.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Yana nuna yadda fitar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwar LED ya karu. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Jadawali na ƙarfin dangi vs. tsawon zango, yana tabbatar da gani da ƙima (639 nm) da rabin faɗi (20 nm).

8. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Dangane da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga, na'urar na iya jure tsarin solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake kwarara. Babban ma'auni da aka ƙayyade shine bayanin zafin solder: 260°C na tsawon dakika 3 a wuri 1/16 inci (1.6 mm) a ƙasan matakin wurin zama. Wannan ya yi daidai da bayanan solder marasa gubar na gama gari. Masu ƙira da masu haɗawa dole ne su tabbatar da tsarin solder ɗin su bai wuce wannan damuwa na zafi ba don hana lalata haɗin waya na ciki ko guntuwar LED da kansu. Yakamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD (Fitar Wutar Lantarki ta Electrostatic) yayin sarrafawa.

9. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su

9.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan nuni ya dace da kowane na'urar da ke buƙatar karantawar lambobi mai tsabta, mai dogaro:

• Kayan Aiki na Gwaji da Aunawa:Masu auna mitoci, oscilloscopes, wutar lantarki, masu ƙididdige mitoci.
• Sarrafa Masana'antu:Mita na panel, alamomin tsari, nunin lokaci, nunin ƙidaya.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Kayan aikin sauti (masu ƙara ƙarfi, masu karɓa), kayan aikin dafa abinci, agogo.
• Bayan Kasuwar Motoci:Ma'auni da kayan aikin bincike (inda ƙayyadaddun muhalli suka dace).
• Na'urorin Lafiya:Masu saka idanu na marasa lafiya, kayan aikin bincike (dangane da ƙarin buƙatun ƙa'ida).

9.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su Lokacin Ƙira

• Da'irar Tuƙi:Dole ne aiwatar da haɗawa don lambobin cathode gama gari. Wannan yana buƙatar microcontroller ko ƙwararrun IC mai tuƙi wanda zai iya jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a jere don cathode na kowane lamba yayin da yake samar da wutar lantarki zuwa anodes na sassan da suka dace. Madaidaicin iyakancewar wutar lantarki (ta hanyar resistors ko tuƙi mai ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki) yana da mahimmanci dangane da V_Fda I_F.
• Sarrafa Hasken:Ana iya sarrafa haske ta hanyar daidaita matsakaicin wutar lantarki ta gaba (a cikin ƙididdiga) ko, fiye da yawa a cikin ƙirar haɗawa, ta hanyar bambanta aikin haɗin gwiwar siginar haɗawa (PWM).
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Faɗin kusurwar dubawa fa'ida ce, amma ƙirar injiniya har yanzu yakamata ta yi la'akari da layukan gani na babban mai amfani.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ci gaba da aiki a manyan yanayin zafi kusa da matsakaicin ƙididdiga na iya buƙatar rage ƙimar wutar lantarki ta gaba kamar yadda aka ƙayyade (0.33 mA/°C sama da 25°C) don kiyaye aminci da hana saurin raguwar lumen.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta wannan nuni shine amfani dafasahar AlInGaPdon launin ja mai karfi. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitattun LED ja na GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), AlInGaP tana ba da ingantaccen inganci na haske sosai, yana haifar da haske mafi girma don wutar lantarki iri ɗaya, ko daidaitaccen haske a ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Hakanan gabaɗaya yana ba da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki da tsantsar launi. Fuskar toka tare da sassa fari zaɓi ne na musamman na ƙira don haɓaka bambanci, wanda zai iya ba da fa'ida akan nunin ja ko kore gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi mai haske mai yawa.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene manufar ƙira "Babu Haɗin"?

A: Suna da ƙira na zahiri waɗanda ba a haɗa su da wani abu na ciki ta hanyar lantarki ba. Ana iya amfani da su don kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin solder ko don dacewa da daidaitaccen ƙafar kunshin. Kada a yi amfani da su don haɗin lantarki.

Q: Ta yaya zan iya ƙididdige resistor mai iyakancewar wutar lantarki don wani sashi?

A: Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Don wadata na 5V, V_Fna yau da kullun na 2.6V, da I_Fda ake so na 20 mA: R = (5 - 2.6) / 0.02 = 120 Ω. Koyaushe yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayani don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya don guje wa wuce gona da iri.

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nuni ba tare da haɗawa ba?

A: Tuƙi kai tsaye (tuƙi a tsaye) yana yiwuwa a ka'idar ta hanyar magance kowane sashi na kowane lamba daban, amma zai buƙaci adadi mai yawa na ƙira na I/O (lambobi 4 * sassa 7 + ƙima + alamomi = sama da ƙira 30) kuma ba shi da inganci sosai. Haɗawa shine hanyar da aka yi niyya kuma mai amfani.

Q: Menene ma'anar "Matsakaicin Daidaita Ƙarfin Hasken 2:1"?

A> Yana nufin cewa ƙarfin hasken da aka auna na kowane sashi ɗaya ko lamba ba zai fi sau biyu ƙarfin kowane sashi ko lamba ba a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji iri ɗaya. Yana ayyana matsakaicin bambancin da aka yarda a cikin na'ura.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Nuni mai sassa bakwai ya ƙunshi sassa bakwai na LED rectangular (mai lakabi A zuwa G) waɗanda aka tsara a cikin tsarin '8', ƙari da ƙarin LED madauwari don maƙasudin ƙima (DP). Ta hanyar zaɓin haskaka takamaiman haɗin waɗannan sassan, ana iya samar da duk lambobin ƙima (0-9) da wasu haruffa. A cikin ƙirar cathode gama gari mai yawa kamar wannan, duk anodes don wani nau'in sashi a cikin duk lambobi an haɗa su tare (misali, duk anodes na sashi 'A'). Kowane lamba yana da nasa haɗin cathode daban. Don nuna lamba, microcontroller yana kunna (saita babba) layukan anode masu dacewa da sassan da ake buƙata don wannan lamba kuma a lokaci guda yana kunna (saita ƙasa / nutse wutar lantarki) layin cathode don wannan takamaiman lamba. Yana riƙe wannan na ɗan lokaci (misali, 1-5 ms), sannan ya matsa zuwa lamba na gaba, yana zagayawa cikin duk lambobi cikin sauri. Dagewar gani na idon ɗan adam yana haɗa waɗannan bugun jini cikin sauri zuwa kwanciyar hankali, lamba mai yawa mai haske da alama yana ci gaba da haskakawa.

13. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin

Duk da cewa nunin LED mai sassa bakwai ya kasance ingantacciyar mafita, mai tsada, kuma mai dogaro sosai don karatun lambobi, masana'antar ta ga haɓaka daidai da madadin fasahohi. Nunin OLED da LCD na Dot-matrix suna ba da sassauci mafi girma don nuna haruffa alfanumerik, alamomi, har ma da zane-zane masu sauƙi. Duk da haka, don aikace-aikacen da kawai ake buƙatar nuna lambobi tare da tsabta, haske, faɗin kusurwar dubawa, da sauƙin mu'amala, nunin LED mai sassa bakwai kamar wannan yana ci gaba da zama zaɓi na fifiko. Trend a cikin wannan yanki shine zuwa manyan kayan inganci (kamar AlInGaP maye gurbin tsofaffi), ƙananan wutar lantarki na aiki, ƙananan girman kunshin don mafi girman yawa, da haɗakar da'irar tuƙi don sauƙaƙa ƙira. Na'urar da aka kwatanta a nan tana wakiltar cikakkiyar aiwatar da wannan fasahar mai dorewa.