LTS-546AKF Tsarin Nuni na LED Mai Lamba Bakwai - Tsawon Lamba 13.2mm - Launi Mai Ruwan Lemu - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTS-546AKF tsarin nuni ne na lamba ɗaya, mai sassa bakwai (alphanumeric) wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karanta lambobi masu haske da bayyananne. Babban aikinsa shi ne wakiltar lambobi (0-9) da wasu haruffa ta amfani da sassan LED da aka sarrafa su kaɗai. Fasahar asali tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da fitowar haske mai launin lemu na musamman. Wannan na'urar tana da tsayin lamba 0.52-inch (13.2 mm), yana ba da ma'auni tsakanin karantawa da ƙaramin girma. Tana da fuskar fuska mai launin toka tare da alamun sassa masu fari, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci da karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban. Nuni yana amfani da tsarin anode gama gari (common anode), yana sauƙaƙa kewayon tuƙi a yawancin tsarin da ke da microcontroller.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan nuni sun samo asali ne daga fasahar LED ta AlInGaP da ƙirarta. Yana ba da haske mai ƙarfi da bambanci mai kyau, yana tabbatar da ganuwa ko da a cikin wurare masu haske sosai. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana ba da damar karanta bayanan da aka nuna daga matsayi daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ingantaccen aminci na ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki tare da dogon rayuwar aiki da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohin nuni kamar na incandescent ko na'urori masu haske na vacuum. An rarraba na'urar don ƙarfin haske kuma ana bayar da ita a cikin kunshin da ba shi da gubar wanda ya dace da umarnin RoHS. Kasuwarmasa ta farko ta haɗa da: allunan sarrafa masana'antu, kayan aikin gwaji da aunawa, na'urorin masu amfani, allunan motoci (don nunin na biyu), da kowane tsarin da aka haɗa da ke buƙatar mai nuna lamba mai dogaro, mara kulawa.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassarar mahimman ma'auni na lantarki da na gani da aka jera a cikin takardun bayanan, yana bayyana mahimmancinsu ga injiniyoyin ƙira.

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na Gani

Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin nuni. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske (Iv) an ƙayyade shi da ƙimar yau da kullun na 1400 µcd a ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) na 1mA. Wannan ma'auni, wanda aka auna ta amfani da tacewa da ke kusantar lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic, yana nuna hasken da ake gani. Faɗin kewayon (Mafi ƙanƙanta: 500, Mafi girma: ba a bayyana ba) yana nuna tsarin rarrabuwa (binning) don ƙarfi. Tsayin Tsinkaya Mafi Girma (λp) shine 611 nm, kuma Tsayin Tsinkaya Mai Rinjaye (λd) shine 605 nm a IF=20mA. Waɗannan ƙimomi suna ayyana wurin launin lemu. Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ) na 17 nm yana nuna tsaftar bakan na hasken da aka fitar; ƙaramin faɗi zai nuna launi mai cikar jiki. Matsakaicin Daidaiton Ƙarfin Haske na 2:1 (matsakaicin) don yankuna masu haske iri ɗaya yana da mahimmanci don daidaiton bayyanar gaba ɗaya a duk sassan lamba, yana tabbatar da cewa babu wani sashe da ya bayyana a fili ya yi duhu ko haske fiye da maƙwabtansa.

2.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki da Zafi

Ƙayyadaddun bayanan lantarki suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da yanayi. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Kowane Sashe (VF) yana da ƙimar yau da kullun na 2.6V a IF=20mA. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da cewa kewayon tuƙi zai iya samar da wannan ƙarfin lantarki. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar suna saita iyakoki masu ƙarfi: matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na 70mW kowane sashe da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na 60mA (a 1kHz, aikin aiki 10%). Ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba kowane sashe yana raguwa daga 25mA a 25°C da 0.33 mA/°C, ma'ana amincin ƙarfin aiki yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi don hana lalacewar zafi. Kewayon Zafin Aiki da Ajiya shine -35°C zuwa +85°C, yana ayyana ƙarfin yanayi na na'urar. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (IR) an ƙayyade shi a matsayin matsakaicin 100 µA a VR=5V, amma takardun bayanan a fili ta lura cewa aikin ƙarfin lantarki na baya ba ci gaba ba ne.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ko da yake ɓangaren takardun bayanan da aka bayar bai yi cikakken bayani ba game da tsarin rarraba ma'auni da yawa (binning) da aka saba da shi a cikin LED masu farin haske, yana nuna rarrabuwa bisa mahimman ma'auni na aiki. Babban rarrabuwa (binning) da ake ganin yana don Ƙarfin Haske, domin ana cewa na'urar "An Rarraba ta don Ƙarfin Haske." Wannan yana nufin ana rarraba sassan kuma ana sayar da su bisa gwajin ƙarfin haske da aka auna a daidaitaccen ƙarar gwaji (mai yiwuwa 1mA ko 20mA), don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin da aka saya. Ko da yake ba a bayyana hakan a fili ba don wannan samfurin, LED na AlInGaP na iya samun rarrabuwa (binning) don Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF) don sauƙaƙe ƙirar resistor mai iyakancewar ƙarar lantarki a cikin tsarin tuƙi a layi daya, da kuma don daidaitaccen Tsayin Tsinkaya Mai Rinjaye (λd) don tabbatar da daidaiton bayyanar launi a duk lambobi a cikin nuni mai lambobi da yawa. Masu ƙira ya kamata su tuntubi masana'anta don takamaiman lambobin rarrabuwa (binning codes) da kewayon da ake da su.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardun bayanan yana nuni zuwa "Lanƙwasa Halayen Lantarki / Na Gani na Yau da Kullun." Ko da yake ba a bayar da takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, zamu iya ƙididdige daidaitattun abubuwan da ke ciki da amfaninsu. Na yau da kullun Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Haske Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IV-IF) zai nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki, yawanci a cikin yanayin da bai kai layi daya ba, yana taimakawa wajen inganta ƙarfin tuƙi don haske da ake so da inganci. Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF-IF) yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar daidaitaccen resistor na jerin gwano ko direban ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun. Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Haske Dangane da Yanayin Zafi zai kwatanta raguwar haske na zafi, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi. A ƙarshe, Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan zai wakilta tsayin tsinkaya da rabin faɗin bakan a gani. Waɗannan lanƙwasa kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci don hasashen aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi marasa daidaito.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Zanen injiniya yana ayyana siffar jiki. Nuni yana da tsayin lamba na 13.2mm (0.52 inches). An bayar da girman kunshin a cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.25mm. Na'urar tana da ƙarfe 10 akan tsinkaya 0.1-inch (2.54mm), daidaitaccen ma'auni don abubuwan da ke cikin rami. Zanen zai nuna tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayin kunshin, jirgin saman wurin zama, da kuma yankin da aka ba da shawarar don hana PCB. Ana ba da bayanin polarity bayyananne ta hanyar teburin haɗin ƙarfe da zanen kewayon ciki, wanda ke nuna tsarin anode gama gari. Bayanin "fuska mai launin toka da sassa masu fari" ya tabbatar da ƙirar ƙira na gaban allon.

5.1 Haɗin Ƙarfe da Kewayon Ciki

An ayyana tsarin ƙarfe a fili: Ƙarfe 3 da 8 sune Anodes Gama Gari. Cathodes na sassa E, D, C, Maƙalar Ɗari (D.P.), B, A, F, da G an haɗa su zuwa ƙarfe 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, da 10 bi da bi. Zanen kewayon ciki ya tabbatar da tsarin anode gama gari, inda duk anodes na sassan LED aka haɗa su a ciki zuwa ƙarfe biyu na anode gama gari. Don haskaka wani sashe, dole ne a tuƙi ƙarfen cathode ɗin da ya dace ƙasa (an haɗa shi da ƙasa ko mai zubar da ƙarfin lantarki) yayin da ake amfani da ƙarfin lantarki mai kyau ga ƙarfen anode gama gari (s). Wannan tsari yana da fa'ida lokacin amfani da tashoshin microcontroller waɗanda aka saita su azaman buɗe-ɗari ko lokacin amfani da transistors direba na ƙananan gefe.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Takardun bayanan ya ƙayyade yanayin solder: "1/16 inch ƙasa da jirgin saman wurin zama na tsawon dakika 3 a 260°C." Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa. Yana nuna cewa ya kamata a nutsar da igiyoyin a cikin igiyar solder zuwa zurfin kusan 1.6mm (1/16") ƙasa da jikin robobi na nuni na tsawon dakika 3 ba fiye da haka ba, tare da zafin tukunyar solder a 260°C. Wuce waɗannan iyakoki na iya lalata haɗin igiya na ciki ko kunshin robobi. Don solder na hannu, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki tare da ƙaramin lokacin tuntuɓar. Don sake sake solder, daidaitaccen bayanin martaba mara gubar tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki kusan 260°C zai yi aiki, amma dole ne a yi la'akari da takamaiman nauyin zafi na kayan. Kewayon zafin ajiya (-35°C zuwa +85°C) shima ya kamata a kiyaye shi kafin haɗawa don hana shan danshi.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Babban lambar oda ita ce LTS-546AKF. Maɗaurin "AKF" mai yiwuwa yana ɓoye takamaiman halaye kamar launi (Lemu), tsayin lamba, da nau'in kunshin. Kan takardun bayanan ya ambata cewa "Kunshin Maras Gubar (bisa ga RoHS)." Daidaitaccen kunshin don irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke cikin rami yawanci yana cikin bututu masu hana tashin hankali ko tire, sannan a sanya su cikin manyan akwatuna ko reels don jigilar kaya. Adadin kowane bututu ko reel ƙima ce ta yau da kullun (misali, guda 50 ko 100) amma za a tabbatar da hakan tare da mai rarrabawa ko masana'anta. Alamun da ke kan kunshin za su haɗa da lambar sashi, adadi, lambar kwanan wata, da yuwuwar lambar rarrabuwa (bin code) na ƙarfin haske.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan nuni ya dace da kowane aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar lamba ɗaya, mai iya karantawa sosai. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da: mitoci na allon don ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki, ko zafin jiki; agogon dijital da na'urorin ƙidayar lokaci; allunan maki; ƙidaya samarwa; saitin wayoyi akan injinan masana'antu; da alamomin yanayi akan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani (misali, lambar tashar akan tsohon rediyo). Faɗin kewayon zafinsa ya sa ya dace da cikin gida da wasu wuraren waje masu kariya.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira da Kewayon Lantarki

Lokacin haɗa LTS-546AKF, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa.Iyakar Ƙarfin Lantarki:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jerin gwano don kowane sashe ko don anode gama gari don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa ƙimar aminci (misali, 10-20mA don ma'auni na haske da tsawon rai). Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vcc - VF) / IF.Hanyar Tuƙi:Ana iya tuƙa shi kai tsaye ta hanyar ƙarfe na GPIO na microcontroller idan suna iya zubar da isasshen ƙarfin lantarki (duba ikon zubar da tashar MCU). Don ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki ko haɗa lambobi da yawa, ana ba da shawarar takamaiman ƙwayoyin direba (misali, masu canza yanayi na 74HC595 tare da iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki, ko takamaiman guntun direban LED kamar MAX7219).Haɗawa da Yawa (Multiplexing):Ko da yake wannan sashe ne na lamba ɗaya, ƙa'idar tana aiki idan ana amfani da raka'a da yawa. Haɗawa da yawa yana adana ƙarfe na I/O ta hanyar haskaka lamba ɗaya a lokaci guda da sauri. Ƙirar anode gama gari ta dace da wannan, inda transistors ke canza anodes kuma tsarin da ke dawwama yana tuƙa cathodes.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin lamba bakwai, LED na AlInGaP suna ba da fa'idodi na musamman. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin LED na Ja GaAsP ko GaP, AlInGaP yana ba da inganci da haske sosai, yana haifar da ingantaccen ganuwa. Idan aka kwatanta da LED na Shudi/Fari na Tushen GaN tare da masu tacewa don cimma wasu launuka, AlInGaP yana da ƙaramin bakan, yana haifar da mafi girman tsaftar launi kuma sau da yawa yana da inganci don launinsa da ake nufi (lemu). Idan aka kwatanta da Nunin LCD, wannan nuni na LED yana fitar da haske, ma'ana yana samar da haskensa don haka ana iya ganinsa cikin sauƙi a cikin duhu ba tare da hasken baya ba, kuma yana da faɗin kusurwar kallo da saurin amsawa. Babban cinikin sa shine mafi girman amfani da wutar lantarki kowane sashe idan aka kwatanta da LCD.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor ya kamata in yi amfani da shi don tuƙa sashe a 20mA tare da samar da 5V?

A: Ta amfani da VF na yau da kullun na 2.6V: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.020A = 120 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 120Ω zai dace.

Q: Shin zan iya haɗa ƙarfe biyu na anode gama gari tare?

A: Eh, a ciki suna haɗuwa. Haɗa duka biyun zuwa kewayon tuƙi na iya taimakawa wajen rarraba ƙarfin lantarki da inganta aminci.

Q: Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba shine 25mA a 25°C. Menene shi a 70°C?

A: Ragewa shine 0.33 mA/°C. Hawan zafin jiki shine 70 - 25 = 45°C. Rage ƙarfin lantarki = 45 * 0.33mA ≈ 14.85mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki ≈ 25mA - 14.85mA = 10.15mA. Ya kamata ku yi aiki da kyau ƙasa da wannan a yanayin zafi.

Q: Me ya sa aka ƙayyade yanayin gwajin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR=5V) idan ba zan iya aiki da shi a baya ba?

A: Wannan ma'auni ne na inganci da gwajin ɓarna. Babban ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya nuna lalacewar haɗin gwiwa. Yana tabbatar da cikakkiyar na'urar, ba yanayin aiki na aiki ba.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar nuni na dijital na zafin jiki mai sauƙi ta amfani da microcontroller. Na'urar firikwensin zafin jiki (misali, thermistor ko firikwensin dijital kamar DS18B20) yana ba da ƙima ga MCU. MCU yana canza wannan zuwa lamba (0-9) kuma yana kunna sassan da suka dace na LTS-546AKF ta hanyar tashoshin GPIO. An sanya resistor mai iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki a jere tare da haɗin anode gama gari. Lambar MCU za ta ƙunshi teburin nemo wanda ke tsara ƙimar lamba (0-9) zuwa tsarin bit 7 da ke sarrafa ƙarfe na cathode (A-G). Maƙalar Ɗari (ƙarfe 5) ana iya amfani da ita don nuna kashi goma na digiri idan an buƙata. Wannan yana nuna mafita mai sauƙi, mai dogaro don tsarin da aka haɗa.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Nuni na sassa bakwai taro ne na diodes masu fitar da haske (LED) guda bakwai waɗanda aka jera a cikin tsarin siffar takwas. Kowane LED yana samar da sashe ɗaya (mai lakabi A zuwa G). Ta hanyar kunna takamaiman haɗuɗɗun waɗannan sassa, za a iya samar da alamu don lambobi 0-9 da wasu haruffa. LTS-546AKF yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar diode (VF), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin siffar photons. Takamaiman makamashin bandgap na gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade tsayin tsinkaya na hasken da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin kewayon lemu (~605-611 nm). Tsarin anode gama gari yana nufin duk anodes na LED an haɗa su tare a ciki.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Yayin da nunin LED na sassa bakwai ke ci gaba da kasancewa masu dacewa don takamaiman aikace-aikace, babban yanayin a cikin fasahar nuni yana zuwa ga haɗawa da ƙananan girma. Kunshin LED na Surface-mount device (SMD) da haɗaɗɗun raka'a masu lambobi da yawa tare da masu sarrafawa na cikin gida suna zama gama gari, suna adana sararin allon da lokacin haɗawa. Bugu da ƙari, don sabbin ƙira da ke buƙatar ƙarin bayanai (rubutu, zane-zane), ana zaɓar ƙananan raka'a na OLED ko TFT LCD. Koyaya, na gargajiya na LED na sassa bakwai yana riƙe da mahimman fa'idodi don karatun lambobi masu sauƙi: matuƙar sauƙi, ƙarfi, haske mai ƙarfi, ƙaramin farashi don lambobi ɗaya, da sauƙin haɗuwa. Ƙaura zuwa AlInGaP daga tsofaffin kayan kamar GaAsP yana wakiltar ci gaba da yanayin zuwa mafi inganci da mafi amintaccen tushen haske na ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki a duk aikace-aikacen LED.