Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Halayen Gani
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki
- 2.3 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi da La'akari da Zafi
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning Takardar bayanan ta bayyana cewa na'urar "An Rarrabe don Karfin Hasken." Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarrabawa bayan samarwa (binning) dangane da aunanniyar fitowar haske. Ana gwada raka'a a daidaitaccen yanayi (IF=1mA), kuma ana rarrabe su zuwa rukunoni bisa ga darajar Iv (misali, 320-450 μcd, 450-580 μcd, 580-700 μcd). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Duk da cewa ba a bayyana dalla-dalla don ƙarfin lantarki ko tsawon raƙuman ruwa a cikin wannan takarda ba, irin wannan rarrabuwa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kera LED don samar da aikin da za a iya hasashe ga masu zane. 4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
- 6. Haɗin Pin da Da'irar Ciki
- 7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan La'akari na Zane
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 11. Nazarin Shari'ar Zane na Aiki
- 12. Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayanin Samfur
LTS-3403JF wani na'ura ne mai nuni da lamba ɗaya, mai sassa bakwai, wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karanta lambobi masu haske da bayyananne. Babban aikinsa shine wakiltar lambobi (0-9) da wasu haruffa ta amfani da sassan LED masu adireshi daban-daban. Fasahar cibiyar tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), wanda aka ƙera musamman don fitar da haske a cikin bakan launin rawaya-orange. Wannan zaɓin kayan yana ba da daidaito na inganci, haske, da tsabtar launi. Ana rarrabe na'urar a matsayin nau'in cathode gama gari, ma'ana duk cathodes (tashoshi marasa kyau) na sassan LED suna haɗe a ciki, yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar da'ira don tsarin microcontroller inda ake turawa sassa ta hanyar samar da halin yanzu.
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Halayen Gani
Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin nuni. Matsakaicin Karfin Hasken (Iv) an ƙayyade shi tsakanin 320 zuwa 700 microcandelas (μcd) a halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 1mA. Wannan kewayon yana nuna tsarin binning na samarwa, inda ake rarrabe na'urori bisa ga aunanniyar fitarwa. Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Fitowa (λp) shine 611 nanometers (nm), kuma Tsawon Raƙuman Rinjaye (λd)) shine 605 nm, dukansu ana auna su a IF=20mA. Tsawon raƙuman rinjaye shine launin da idon ɗan adam ke gani. Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ) na 17 nm yana bayyana tsabtar launin da aka fitar; ƙunƙuntaccen faɗi yana nuna launi mai tsafta, mai tsafta. Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Karfin Hasken na 2:1 (max) yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani ta hanyar iyakance bambancin haske tsakanin sassa daban-daban na lamba ɗaya.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki
Sigogin lantarki suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da buƙatun wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba kowane Sashe (VF)) yawanci 2.6V ne tare da matsakaicin 2.6V a IF=20mA. Wannan darajar tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar masu hana halin yanzu a cikin da'irar turawa. Halin Yanzu na Baya kowane Sashe (IR)) matsakaicin 100 μA ne a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, yana nuna halayen ɗigon na'urar lokacin da aka yi wa baya, wanda gabaɗaya ba kowa ba ne a cikin aikin al'ada.
2.3 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi da La'akari da Zafi
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba kowane Sashe shine 25 mA a 25°C, tare da ƙimar ragewa na 0.33 mA/°C. Wannan yana nufin matsakaicin amintaccen halin yanzu yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi (Ta) ya karu sama da 25°C. Misali, a 85°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu zai kasance kusan 25 mA - (0.33 mA/°C * 60°C) = 5.2 mA. Rushewar Wutar Lantarki kowane Sashe shine 70 mW, wanda aka lissafta kamar VF* IF. Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba don aikin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms) shine 90 mA, yana ba da damar turawa na ɗan lokaci don cimma mafi girman haske. Kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya shine -35°C zuwa +85°C.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Takardar bayanan ta bayyana cewa na'urar "An Rarrabe don Karfin Hasken." Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarrabawa bayan samarwa (binning) dangane da aunanniyar fitowar haske. Ana gwada raka'a a daidaitaccen yanayi (IF=1mA), kuma ana rarrabe su zuwa rukunoni bisa ga darajar Iv (misali, 320-450 μcd, 450-580 μcd, 580-700 μcd). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Duk da cewa ba a bayyana dalla-dalla don ƙarfin lantarki ko tsawon raƙuman ruwa a cikin wannan takarda ba, irin wannan rarrabuwa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kera LED don samar da aikin da za a iya hasashe ga masu zane.
4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
Duk da cewa ba a bayyana takamaiman lanƙwasa a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, lanƙwasa na aiki na yau da kullun don irin wannan na'urar zai haɗa da:
- Lanƙwasa I-V (Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki):Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na gwiwa (inda halin yanzu ya fara tashi sosai) yawanci yana kusa da 1.8-2.0V don LED na AlInGaP.
- Karfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Iv vs. IF):Wannan lanƙwasa gabaɗaya yana da layi a ƙananan halin yanzu amma yana iya cika a manyan halin yanzu saboda zafi da raguwar inganci.
- Karfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi (Iv vs. Ta):Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ke ƙaruwa. LED na AlInGaP yawanci suna da mafi kyawun aikin zafi idan aka kwatanta da wasu kayan.
- Rarraba Bakan:Jadawali wanda ke nuna ƙarfin dangi akan tsawon raƙuman ruwa, yana nuna kololuwa a 611 nm da rabin faɗin 17 nm.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
Na'urar tana da daidaitaccen tsawon lamba 0.8-inch (20.32 mm). Kunshin yana da fuskar launin toka mai haske da launin sassa fari lokacin da ba a kunna shi ba, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci lokacin da sassan launin rawaya-orange suka haskaka. Zanen girma (wanda aka ambata a cikin PDF) yana ba da ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da yankewar panel. Duk girma suna cikin millimeters tare da daidaitaccen haƙuri na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade. Kunshin 18-pin dual-in-line shine sawu na gama gari don irin waɗannan nuni.
6. Haɗin Pin da Da'irar Ciki
An ayyana pinout don kunshin 18-pin. Muhimman haɗin kai sune: Anodes don sassa A, F, E, L.D.P. (Left Decimal Point), R.D.P. (Right Decimal Point), da D. Cathodes don sassa C, G, da B. Akwai pins na Common Cathode da yawa (pins 4, 6, 17) waɗanda aka haɗa su a ciki, suna ba da sassauci don shimfidar PCB. Pin 12 an jera shi a matsayin "COMMON ANODE," wanda ya bayyana kuskure ne ko kuma takamaiman bambance-bambancen, kamar yadda aka bayyana na'urar a matsayin nau'in Common Cathode. Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna daidaitaccen tsarin cathode gama gari don nuni bakwai tare da maki goma biyu.
7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
Takardar bayanan ta ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin solder na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 3, wanda aka auna a 1.6mm (1/16 inch) ƙasa da matakin wurin zama. Wannan jagora ce ta reflow ko solder na hannu da aka yi niyya don hana lalacewar zafi ga guntuwar LED, haɗin waya, da kunshin filastik. Yana da mahimmanci a bi wannan bayanin don kiyaye amincin. Yakamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) yayin sarrafawa.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- Kayan Aunawa da Aunawa:Digital multimeters, wadatar wutar lantarki, masu kirga mitar.
- Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Kayan kida (masu ƙara ƙarfi, masu karɓa), kayan aikin dafa abinci, agogo.
- Sarrafa Masana'antu:Mitan panel, masu nuna tsari, nuni na lokaci.
- Bayan Kasuwan Motoci:Ma'auni da karantawa (inda cikakkun bayanai na muhalli suka dace).
8.2 Abubuwan La'akari na Zane
- Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Masu hana waje wajibi ne ga kowane anode na sashe (ko ga cathode gama gari) don saita halin yanzu na aiki. Yi lissafi ta amfani da R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF.
- Multiplexing:Don nuni masu yawan lambobi, multiplexing ya zama ruwan dare. Bukatar ƙananan halin yanzu na LTS-3403JF (har zuwa 1mA kowane sashe) yana da fa'ida a nan, saboda yana ba da damar mafi girman halin yanzu a lokacin gajeren lokacin "kunna" na multiplexed don cimma matsakaicin haske da ake so ba tare da wuce matsakaicin iyakokin wutar lantarki ba.
- Kusurwar Kallo:Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana da fa'ida ga panel inda mai amfani bazai kasance kai tsaye a gaban nuni ba.
- Turawa Microcontroller:Yawancin microcontrollers na zamani na iya samarwa/ɗaukar isasshen halin yanzu (20mA kowane pin ya zama ruwan dare) don turawa waɗannan LED kai tsaye, sau da yawa suna buƙatar masu buffer na transistor masu sauƙi don cathode gama gari saboda mafi girman jimlar halin yanzu.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Mahimman bambance-bambancen LTS-3403JF a cikin rukuninsa sune:
- Kayan (AlInGaP):Yana ba da mafi girman inganci da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafi idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin LED ja/rawaya na GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), da kuma launi daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da LED shuɗi/kore/fari na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride).
- Aiki Mai Ƙarancin Halin Yanzu:Ƙayyadaddun aiki har zuwa 1mA kowane sashe wani muhimmin siffa ne don ƙirar da aka kunna baturi ko ƙarancin wutar lantarki, inda kowane milliamp ke ƙidaya.
- Kunshin Bambanci Mai Girma:Fuskar launin toka mai haske tare da sassa fari yana ba da kyakkyawan bambanci a lokacin kashewa, yana inganta karantawa a cikin yanayin haske daban-daban.
- Fitowar Hasken da aka Rarrabe:Yana ba da hasashe ga mai zane, yana tabbatar da bayyananne iri ɗaya a cikin raka'a a cikin samfur.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
Q: Shin zan iya turawa wannan nuni tare da wadatar wutar lantarki ta microcontroller 3.3V?
A: I. Tare da V na yau da kullun F na 2.6V, wadatar 3.3V tana ba da isasshen sararin sama (0.7V) don mai hana halin yanzu. A IF=10mA, R = (3.3V - 2.6V) / 0.01A = 70 Ohms.
Q: Menene manufar samun pins na cathode gama gari da yawa?
A> An haɗa su a ciki. Samar da pins da yawa yana taimakawa rarraba jimlar halin yanzu na cathode (wanda zai iya zama 7x IF ko fiye lokacin da duk sassan suka kunna), yana rage yawan halin yanzu kowane pin, kuma yana taimakawa wajen shimfidar PCB da kuma zubar da zafi.
Q: Ta yaya zan cimma daidaiton haske idan karfin hasken yana da matsakaicin daidaitawa 2:1?
A> Matsakaicin 2:1 shine iyaka tsakanin mafi haske da mafi duhu a kan na'ura guda. A aikace, bambancin yawanci ya fi ƙasa. Don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, yi amfani da direba na halin yanzu na akai-akai ko PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) don daidaita hasken kowane sashe ta hanyar dijital.
Q: Shin zan iya amfani da wannan a waje?
A> Kewayon zafin aiki (-35°C zuwa +85°C) yana da faɗi, amma takardar bayanan ba ta ƙayyade ƙimar IP (Kariyar Shiga) don ruwa ko ƙura ba. Don amfani a waje, nuni zai buƙaci ƙarin rufewa ko gida don kariya daga danshi.
11. Nazarin Shari'ar Zane na Aiki
Yanayi:Ƙirar karatun voltmeter mai lamba 4 ta amfani da multiplexing tare da wadatar 5V da microcontroller.
- Zaɓin Halin Yanzu:Zaɓi IF= 5mA kowane sashe don kyakkyawan daidaito na haske da wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin halin yanzu yayin multiplexing zai fi girma (misali, 20mA idan ana amfani da aikin aiki na 25% kowane lamba).
- Lissafin Resistor:Don turawa tsaye: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.005A = 480 Ohms (yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen 470 Ohms).
- Turawa Multiplexing:Don cimma matsakaicin 5mA, matsakaicin halin yanzu a lokacin ramin aiki yana buƙatar zama 20mA (5mA / 0.25 aikin aiki). Yi sake lissafin resistor: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.020A = 120 Ohms. Tabbatar cewa wannan matsakaicin halin yanzu yana cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga don aikin bugun jini (90mA).
- Da'ira:Haɗa anodes na sashe zuwa pins na microcontroller I/O ta hanyar resistors 120-ohm. Haɗa pins na cathode gama gari huɗu (ɗaya kowane lamba) zuwa mai tattara transistors NPN (misali, 2N3904). Ana turawa tushen transistor ta hanyar pins na microcontroller ta hanyar resistors na tushe. Microcontroller yana kunna transistor lamba ɗaya a jere kuma yana saita tsarin akan layukan sashe.
- Software:Aiwatar da katsewar timer don sabunta nuni a ƙimar da ta isa don guje wa flicker (yawanci >60Hz).
12. Ka'idar Aiki
Na'urar tana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin lantarki na kunna diode (kusan 1.8-2.0V don AlInGaP), electrons daga kayan nau'in n da ramuka daga kayan nau'in p ana shigar da su cikin yanki mai aiki (rijiyoyin quantum a cikin Layer AlInGaP). Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kuma yana ƙayyade tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, rawaya-orange. Substrate na GaAs mara kyau yana taimakawa nuna haske sama, yana inganta ingantaccen fitar da haske daga saman guntu.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Duk da yake nuni na LED bakwai masu keɓancewa sun kasance masu dacewa don takamaiman aikace-aikace, faɗaɗa trends a cikin fasahar nuni sun haɗa da:
- Haɗin kai:Motsi zuwa nuni tare da haɗaɗɗun direba ICs (I2C, SPI) don rage adadin pin na microcontroller da sauƙaƙe software.
- Ci gaban Kayan:Bincike mai gudana a cikin mafi inganci phosphor-converted LED da kai tsaye-launi semiconductors don faɗaɗa gamut launi da inganci.
- Madadin Fasaha:A yawancin aikace-aikacen masu amfani, ana maye gurbin nuni bakwai da matrix-dot OLED ko modules na LCD waɗanda ke ba da mafi sassauci (cikakkun haruffa, zane-zane) a cikin sawu iri ɗaya, ko da yake sau da yawa a farashi mafi girma da amfani da wutar lantarki don daidaitaccen haske.
- Canjin Aikace-aikace:Babban aikace-aikace don na'urori kamar LTS-3403JF yana ƙaruwa a cikin masana'antu, kayan aiki, da tsofaffin kayan aiki inda aka ba da fifiko ga sauƙi, ƙarfi, haske mai girma, da faɗin kusurwar kallo fiye da ikon zane.
LTS-3403JF yana wakiltar cikakkiyar, ingantaccen mafita a cikin ƙwarewarsa, yana ba da ingantaccen aiki bisa ga fasahar AlInGaP da aka fahimta sosai.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |