Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na LED Display na 0.56-inch (14.22mm) - AlInGaP Super Red - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta ƙayyade cikakkun bayanai game da nunin LED mai lamba bakwai mai tsayin lamba 0.56-inch (14.22mm). An ƙera wannan na'urar don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karanta lambobi a sarari da aminci tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Tsarin sa na asali ya ta'allaka ne akan samar da ingantaccen aikin gani ta hanyar haske mai ƙarfi da bambanci yayin da yake riƙe da ingantaccen aminci na tsarin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Nunin yana amfani da fasahar semiconductor ta AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) mai ci gaba don sassansa masu fitar da haske. Wannan tsarin kayan yana da sanin samar da hasken ja da amber mai inganci. Ƙwayoyin da aka yi amfani da su an ƙera su ne akan wani abu mai suna GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) substrate wanda ba ya watsa haske, wanda ke taimakawa wajen inganta bambanci ta hanyar rage tarwatsa haske da kuma tunani a ciki. Samfurin na ƙarshe yana da fuskar farar fata mai launin toka tare da sassa farare, haɗin da aka zaɓa don haɓaka karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na haske.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halaye na Photometric da na Gani

Ana siffanta aikin gani a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Babban siga, Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv), yana da ƙimar al'ada na 700 µcd (microcandelas) lokacin da ake tuka shi da wutar lantarki mai gaba (IF) na 1mA a kowane sashe, tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun ƙimar 320 µcd. Ana ɗaukar wannan ma'auni ta amfani da na'urar firikwensin da tacewa da aka daidaita zuwa lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙimar tana da alaƙa da hangen nesa na ɗan adam.

Ana siffanta halayen launi ta hanyar tsawon raƙuman ruwa. Tsawon Raƙuman Fitowa Mafi Girma (λp) yawanci 639 nm ne, yayin da Tsawon Raƙuman Rinjaye (λd) yawanci 631 nm ne, dukansu ana auna su a IF=20mA. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan ƙimomin biyu da Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ) na 20 nm suna bayyana tsaftar bakan da kuma takamaiman inuwar hasken ja da ake fitarwa, wanda ya faɗo cikin rukunin \"super red\", yana ba da hangen nesa mai girma.

An ƙayyade Matsakaicin Daidaiton Ƙarfin Hasken (IV-m) na 2:1 (matsakaici). Wannan rabo yana nuna matsakaicin bambancin da aka yarda da shi a cikin haske tsakanin sassa daban-daban na na'ura ɗaya lokacin da ake tuka su a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, yana tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya lokacin nuna lambobi.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Zafi

Sigogin lantarki suna nuna dacewar na'urar don tsarin ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba a kowane Sashe (VF) yana tsakanin 2.0V zuwa 2.6V a ƙarfin tuka na 1mA. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya a kowane Sashe (IR) an iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin 100 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, yana nuna halayen ɗigon ruwa na haɗin gwiwa.

An ƙayyade iyakokin zafi da wutar lantarki a cikin Ƙayyadaddun Matsakaicin Iyaka. Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba a kowane Sashe an ƙididdige shi a 25 mA, amma dole ne a rage wannan layi daga 25°C a ƙimar 0.33 mA/°C yayin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru. Ragewar Wutar Lantarki a kowane Sashe bai kamata ya wuce 70 mW ba. Don aikin bugun jini, ana ba da izinin Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba na 90 mA a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. An ƙididdige na'urar don Yanayin Aiki da Ajiya na -35°C zuwa +85°C.

3. Tsarin Rarraba da Zaɓi

Takardar bayanin ta nuna cewa na'urorin \"An Rarraba su don Ƙarfin Hasken.\" Wannan yana nuna tsarin rarraba inda ake rarraba raka'o'in da aka ƙera bisa ga ƙimar hasken da aka auna (Iv) zuwa rukuni daban-daban ko \"kwandon shara.\" Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar sassa masu daidaitattun matakan haske don aikace-aikacensu, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga nunin lambobi da yawa inda daidaito ke da mahimmanci. Duk da yake ba a lissafa takamaiman lambobin kwandon shara a cikin wannan taƙaitaccen bayani ba, kwandon shara na yau da kullun zai ƙayyade iyakoki don ƙarfin haske (misali, 500-600 µcd, 600-700 µcd) da yuwuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana magana akan \"Lanƙwasa Halaye na Lantarki / Gani na Al'ada.\" Ko da yake ba a ba da takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun ba, daidaitattun lanƙwasa don irin waɗannan na'urorin yawanci za su haɗa da:

• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Wannan jadawalin yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin tuka. Yawanci ba layi daya bane, tare da inganci yawanci yana raguwa a ƙarfin lantarki mai girma sosai.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba:Wannan yana nuna halayen I-V na diode, mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance ƙarfin lantarki.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi, wani muhimmin abu ne don sarrafa zafi a cikin ƙira.
• Rarraba Bakan:Wani makircin da ke nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a tsawon raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, wanda ya ta'allaka a tsawon raƙuman ruwa mafi girma na ~639 nm.

Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba da kuma don inganta da'irar tuka don inganci da tsawon rai.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Jiki da Zane

An ba da girman kunshin na'urar a cikin zane (wanda aka ambata amma ba a yi cikakken bayani a cikin rubutun ba). Duk girmansu an ƙayyade su a cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Tsayin lamba 0.56-inch (14.22mm) yana ayyana girman haruffa gabaɗaya. Kunshin shine daidaitaccen lamba ɗaya, tsarin ƙafafu 10 na gama gari don nunin sassa bakwai tare da maki goma na hannun dama.

5.2 Tsarin Ƙafafu da Gano Polarity

Nunin yana da tsarin Common Cathode, ma'ana an haɗa cathodes (tashoshi marasa kyau) na duk sassan LED a ciki kuma an fitar da su zuwa ƙafafu gama gari. Wannan tsari ne na gama gari don tuƙi da yawa. An ƙayyade haɗin ƙafa a sarari:

1. Anode E
2. Anode D
3. Common Cathode
4. Anode C
5. Anode D.P. (Maki Goma)
6. Anode B
7. Anode A
8. Common Cathode
9. Anode F
10. Anode G

Ƙafafu 3 da 8 dukansu Common Cathodes ne. Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna daidaitaccen tsari na sassa bakwai tare da tsarin maki goma, tare da haɗin anode na kowane sashe zuwa ƙafarsa ta daban kuma duk cathodes sun haɗa su tare zuwa ƙafafun gama gari.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Muhimmin sigar haɗawa da aka ƙayyade shine bayanin yanayin zafin solder. Na'urar na iya jure zafin solder na 260°C na tsawon dakika 3, wanda aka auna 1/16 inch (kusan 1.59mm) a ƙasan matakin wurin zama na kunshin. Wannan siga ce mai mahimmanci don aikin solder ko sake kwarara don hana lalacewar zafi ga ƙwayoyin LED ko kunshin filastik. Dole ne masu zane su tabbatar cewa tsarin haɗawarsu bai wuce wannan haɗin lokaci-zafi ba. Don ajiya, dole ne a kiyaye ƙayyadaddun kewayon -35°C zuwa +85°C a cikin yanayi mai bushewa don hana shan danshi.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan nunin yana da kyau ga na'urorin da ake ɗauka, na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi, bangon kayan aikin kayan aiki, na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, da sarrafa masana'antu inda ake buƙatar karanta lambobi a sarari tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Misalai sun haɗa da ma'aunin lantarki, na'urorin ƙidayar lokaci, ma'auni, na'urorin likita, da bangon sarrafa kayan aiki. Aikinsa na ƙarancin wutar lantarki (har zuwa 1mA a kowane sashe) ya sa ya dace da tsarin da microcontroller ke tuka inda ƙafafun GPIO sukan iya samar da ko nutsewa da iyakacin ƙarfin lantarki.

7.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Da'ira

Lokacin ƙirar da'irar tuka, waɗannan batutuwa suna da mahimmanci:

• Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistors masu iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a jere don kowane anode na sashe. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Vcc), ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (Vf, yi amfani da ƙimar matsakaici don aminci), da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ake so (If): R = (Vcc - Vf) / If.
• Haɗawa da Yawa:Don nunin lambobi da yawa, tsarin tuƙi da yawa shine ma'auni. Ana sauya cathodes gama gari na kowane lamba a jere (ana duba su) yayin da ake tuka anodes don sassan da ake so a cikin aiki. Wannan yana rage adadin ƙafafun microcontroller da ake buƙata da jimlar amfani da wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki yayin ɗan gajeren lokaci na KUNNA zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙimar DC, kamar yadda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki ya ba da izini (90mA a aikin 1/10).
• Haɗin gwiwar Microcontroller:Ana iya tuka nunin kai tsaye daga ƙafafun GPIO na microcontroller idan ƙarfin lantarki a kowane sashe yana cikin ikon tuƙi na ƙafar MCU (yawanci 20-25mA). Don haske mafi girma ko haɗawa tare da ƙarin lambobi, ana ba da shawarar tuƙi na waje (misali, jerin transistor ko na'urorin tuƙi na LED na musamman).
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Siffar \"Faffadan Kusurwar Dubawa\" tana nufin nunin yana ci gaba da zama ana iya karantawa daga wuraren da ba su da axis, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga bangon da ake duba daga kusurwoyi daban-daban.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abubuwan banbance-banbance na wannan nunin shine amfani da fasahar AlInGaP da ingantaccen aikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar fasahar LED ta GaAsP ko GaP, AlInGaP tana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai, yana haifar da fitarwa mai haske a ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya ko daidaitaccen haske a ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Gwaji na bayyane da zaɓi don \"kyawawan halaye na ƙarancin wutar lantarki\" da daidaitawar sassa sune mahimman tabbacin inganci. Ikomin yin aiki yadda ya kamata a ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 1mA a kowane sashe fa'ida ce ta musamman don ƙirar ƙarancin wutar lantarki fiye da nunin da ke buƙatar 5-20mA don isasshen haske.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon raƙuman ruwa mafi girma da tsawon raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye?

A: Tsawon raƙuman ruwa mafi girma (λp) shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda bakan hasken da aka fitar yake da ƙarfinsa mafi girma. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye (λd) shine tsawon raƙuman haske mai tsafta wanda zai bayyana yana da launi iri ɗaya ga idon ɗan adam kamar hasken LED. λd ya fi dacewa da fahimtar launi.

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan nunin ba tare da resistors masu iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ba?

A: A'a. LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi da ƙarfin lantarki. Haɗa su kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, wanda zai iya lalata LED nan take saboda matsanancin zafi. Resistor a jere ko da'irar ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin ya zama dole.

Q: Takardar bayanin tana nuna ƙafafun cathode gama gari biyu (3 da 8). Ina buƙatar haɗa duka biyun?

A: Ee, don mafi kyawun aiki da rarraba ƙarfin lantarki, duka ƙafafun cathode gama gari yakamata a haɗa su zuwa ƙasa (ko nutsewar ƙarfin lantarki) a cikin da'irar ku. Wannan yana taimakawa daidaita nauyin zafi kuma yana tabbatar da daidaiton hasken sassa.

Q: Ta yaya zan iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor da ta dace don wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V da ƙarfin lantarki na sashe na 10mA?

A: Ta amfani da matsakaicin Vf na 2.6V: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.01A = 240 Ohms. Za a yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen da ta fi kusa (220 ko 270 Ohms). Koyaushe tabbatar da ainihin haske ya cika bukatunku.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar na'urar ƙidayar lokaci ta lambobi mai lambobi 4 da ake amfani da baturi.

Manufar ita ce haɓaka tsawon rai na baturi yayin da ake riƙe da ingantaccen karantawa. Za a tuka nunin ta hanyar microcontroller mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki ta amfani da tsarin haɗawa da yawa.

Aiwatarwa:An haɗa cathodes gama gari na lambobi huɗu zuwa transistors NPN huɗu (ko IC na jerin transistor) waɗanda ƙafafun MCU ke sarrafa su. Anodes bakwai (A-G) da maki goma an haɗa su zuwa ƙafafun fitarwa na MCU ta hanyar resistors masu iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na kowane mutum. MCU tana gudanar da katsewar ƙidayar lokaci (misali, a 1kHz). A cikin kowane zagayowar katsewa, tana kashe duk cathodes na lambobi, tana saita ƙafafun anode zuwa tsarin sashe don lamba ta gaba a jere, sannan ta kunna transistor na cathode na wannan lambar. Wannan yana zagayowa cikin duk lambobi huɗu cikin sauri, yana haifar da tunanin cewa duk lambobi suna kan lokaci guda.

Inganta Wutar Lantarki:Ta hanyar tuka kowane sashe a 2-3mA kawai (cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai) da kuma amfani da zagayowar aiki na 1:4, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki a kowane sashe yana da ƙasa sosai, yana ƙara tsawon rai na baturi sosai idan aka kwatanta da tuƙi na tsaye (ba tare da haɗawa da yawa ba). Ingantaccen inganci na LEDs na AlInGaP yana tabbatar da cewa nunin yana ci gaba da bayyana a sarari ko da a waɗannan ƙananan matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki.

11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Nunin LED mai sassa bakwai tarin LED ne na mutum ɗaya wanda aka tsara a cikin tsarin siffar takwas. Kowane ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassa bakwai (wanda aka yiwa lakabi A zuwa G) LED ne na daban, kuma ƙarin LED yana aiki azaman maki goma (DP). Ta hanyar haskaka takamaiman haɗin waɗannan sassa, ana iya samar da duk lambobi goma (0-9) da wasu haruffa.

Ka'idar asali na fitar da haske ita ce electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap na diode, electrons daga yankin n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type a cikin Layer mai aiki (a wannan yanayin, an yi shi da AlInGaP). Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin makamashi na bandgap na kayan semiconductor. AlInGaP yana da bandgap daidai da hasken ja/lemu/amber. Substrate na GaAs mara watsa haske yana shan haske da ya ɓace, yana inganta bambanci ta hanyar hana shi tarwatsa ta gefuna ko bayan ƙwayar.

12. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Duk da yake akwai sabbin fasahohin nuni kamar OLED da LED mai ƙima mai girma, nunin LED mai sassa bakwai ya kasance ingantaccen mafita, mai tsada, kuma mai ingantaccen aminci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitarwa mai sauƙi na lambobi. Trend a cikin wannan sashe yana zuwa ga mafi inganci (ƙarin haske a kowace watt), ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki don dacewa da matakan tunani na zamani, da ingantaccen daidaito (ƙaramin rarraba). Fasahar AlInGaP tana wakiltar muhimmin mataki a cikin inganci akan tsofaffin kayan. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara mai da hankali kan nunin da ke yin aiki da kyau a ƙarƙashin ƙananan ƙarfin tuƙi don ba da damar na'urorin Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT) masu inganci da wutar lantarki da na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi. Na'urar da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takardar bayanin, tare da mayar da hankalinta kan aikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin haske, sun yi daidai da waɗannan trends na masana'antu zuwa ga inganci, aminci, da sassauƙar ƙira don na'urorin lantarki masu ɗauka.