Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Halayen Haske da Launi
- 2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki da Zafi
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning\nSamfurin yana amfani da tsarin binning don rarraba raka'a bisa ƙarfin haske da ma'auni na launi, wanda ke ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.\n3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Haske\nAn ayyana cikakken tsarin binning ta amfani da lambobi biyu (misali, AA, AB, BA, BB, CA). Kowane kwandon ya ƙunshi takamaiman kewayon ƙarfin haske da aka auna a millicandelas (mcd). Ga wannan takamaiman samfurin, fitattun kwandon da za a iya fitarwa suna kewaye da BA (1800-2240 mcd), BB (2240-2800 mcd), da CA (2800-3550 mcd), waɗanda suka yi daidai da takamaiman ƙarfin haske na 2800 mcd. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓar matakan haske mafi girma ko ƙasa kaɗan.\n3.2 Binning na Launi don Phosphor Converted Amber\nAn ayyana binning na launi a cikin yankin launin amber akan zane na CIE 1931. An ƙayyade manyan kwandon guda huɗu: 8588, 8891, 9194, da 9496. An ayyana kowane kwandon ta wurin yanki mai siffar huɗu akan jirgin ma'auni (x, y). Takamaiman ma'auni (0.57, 0.41) ya faɗi cikin kwandon 8891, wanda ke da iyaka da maki (0.5450, 0.4250), (0.5636, 0.4362), (0.5810, 0.4184), da (0.5646, 0.4119). Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan binning yana tabbatar da ƙarancin bambancin launi tsakanin nau'ikan samfurori daban-daban.
- 4.1 Lanƙwan IV da Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka
- 4.2 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki
- 4.3 Rarraba Bakan Haske da Sarrafa Bugun Jini
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
- 5.1 Tsarin Gindin Solder da Aka Shawarta
- 5.2 Gano Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow Solder
- 6.2 Tsauraran Matakan Amfani da Ajiya
- 7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
- 8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)
- 11. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani
- 12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha
- 13. Trends da Ci gaban Masana'antu
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun 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The core advantages of this LED include its high typical luminous intensity of 2800 millicandelas (mcd) at a standard drive current of 30mA, coupled with a very wide 120-degree viewing angle. This combination ensures excellent visibility from various perspectives. Furthermore, the component is qualified to the stringent AEC-Q102 standard for discrete optoelectronic devices in automotive applications, guaranteeing robustness against temperature extremes, humidity, and other automotive stressors. It also features compliance with environmental directives including RoHS, REACH, and halogen-free requirements.
The target market is primarily automotive interior lighting, where it can be used for backlighting switches, instrument clusters, infotainment controls, and other indicator functions. Its sulfur robustness classification (Class B1) further enhances its suitability for environments where atmospheric contaminants may be present.
. In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis
.1 Photometric and Color Characteristics
The key photometric parameter is the Luminous Intensity (Iv), which has a typical value of 2800 mcd at a forward current (IF) of 30mA. The specification defines a minimum of 2240 mcd and a maximum of 4500 mcd under the same condition, indicating the expected performance spread. The dominant color is defined as Phosphor Converted Amber/Yellow, with typical CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.57, 0.41). A tolerance of ±0.005 is applied to these coordinates to ensure color consistency. The wide viewing angle of 120 degrees (with a ±5° tolerance) is defined as the off-axis angle where the luminous intensity drops to half of its peak axial value.
.2 Electrical and Thermal Parameters
The electrical characteristics are centered around the forward voltage (VF). At the typical operating current of 30mA, the VF is 3.25V, with a range from 2.75V (Min.) to 3.75V (Max.). This parameter is crucial for driver design and power dissipation calculations. The absolute maximum ratings define the operational limits: a maximum continuous forward current (IF) of 50mA, a surge current (IFM) of 250mA for pulses ≤10μs, and a maximum junction temperature (TJ) of 125°C. The device is not designed for reverse bias operation.
Thermal management is critical for LED longevity and performance. The datasheet provides two Thermal Resistance values: Real Rth JS real (junction to solder) with a maximum of 180 K/W, and Electrical Rth JS el with a maximum of 100 K/W. The forward current derating curve graphically shows how the permissible continuous current must be reduced as the solder pad temperature (Ts) increases, dropping to 23mA at the maximum Ts of 110°C.
. Binning System Explanation
The product employs a binning system to categorize units based on luminous intensity and chromaticity coordinates, allowing designers to select parts that meet specific application requirements.
.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
A comprehensive binning structure is defined using two-letter codes (e.g., AA, AB, BA, BB, CA). Each bin covers a specific range of luminous intensity measured in millicandelas (mcd). For this specific product, the highlighted possible output bins center around the BA (1800-2240 mcd), BB (2240-2800 mcd), and CA (2800-3550 mcd) ranges, aligning with the typical 2800 mcd specification. This allows for selection of slightly higher or lower brightness grades.
.2 Chromaticity Binning for Phosphor Converted Amber
The chromaticity binning is defined within the amber color region on the CIE 1931 diagram. Four primary bins are specified: 8588, 8891, 9194, and 9496. Each bin is defined by a quadrilateral area on the (x, y) coordinate plane. The typical coordinates (0.57, 0.41) fall within the 8891 bin, which is bounded by points (0.5450, 0.4250), (0.5636, 0.4362), (0.5810, 0.4184), and (0.5646, 0.4119). This tight binning ensures minimal color variation between different production lots.
. Performance Curve Analysis
The datasheet includes several graphs that illustrate the device's behavior under varying conditions.
.1 IV Curve and Relative Luminous Intensity
The Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage graph shows the exponential relationship typical of LEDs. The Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current curve demonstrates that light output increases with current but begins to show signs of saturation at higher currents, emphasizing the importance of operating within recommended limits for efficiency and lifetime.
.2 Temperature Dependence
The Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Junction Temperature graph shows a negative temperature coefficient; light output decreases as the junction temperature rises. The Relative Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature graph shows that VF decreases linearly with increasing temperature, a characteristic that can sometimes be used for temperature sensing. The Chromaticity Coordinates Shift vs. Junction Temperature graph indicates minor but measurable changes in color point with temperature, which is important for color-critical applications.
.3 Spectral Distribution and Pulse Handling
The Wavelength Characteristics graph depicts the relative spectral power distribution, showing a broad emission peak in the amber/yellow region, characteristic of a phosphor-converted LED. The Permissible Pulse Handling Capability chart defines the maximum allowable peak forward current (IFA) for a given pulse width (tp) and duty cycle (D), which is essential for pulsed operation designs.
. Mechanical and Package Information
The LED is housed in a PLCC-2 surface-mount package. The mechanical drawing (implied by section reference) would provide critical dimensions including overall length, width, height, lead spacing, and the size/position of the optical lens. The side-view orientation means the primary light emission is perpendicular to the plane of the circuit board, which is ideal for edge-lighting applications.
.1 Recommended Soldering Pad Layout
A recommended land pattern (solder pad design) is provided to ensure reliable solder joint formation during reflow soldering. This pattern is typically slightly larger than the component leads to facilitate good solder wetting and fillet formation while preventing solder bridging.
.2 Polarity Identification
For a two-lead device like the PLCC-2, polarity is key. The anode and cathode are identified on the package, typically with a marking such as a notch, dot, or cut corner on the cathode side. Correct orientation must be observed during assembly.
. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
.1 Reflow Soldering Profile
The component is rated for reflow soldering with a peak temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 30 seconds. A standard reflow profile with controlled preheat, soak, reflow, and cooling zones should be followed. The maximum soldering temperature is an absolute rating that must not be exceeded to prevent damage to the plastic package and the internal die attach.
.2 Precautions for Use and Storage
General precautions include avoiding mechanical stress on the lens, protecting the device from electrostatic discharge (ESD) during handling (rated 8kV HBM), and storing in appropriate conditions (between -40°C and +110°C) in moisture-sensitive level (MSL) 3 compliant packaging once the moisture barrier bag is opened.
. Packaging and Ordering Information
The part number 57-11-PA0301H-AM follows a likely internal coding scheme that may indicate package type (57-11), color (PA for Phosphor Amber), performance bin, and other variants. Ordering information would specify the packaging format, such as tape and reel dimensions (e.g., 8mm or 12mm tape width, reel diameter) and quantity per reel (e.g., 3000 pieces).
. Application Recommendations
.1 Typical Application Scenarios
The primary application isAutomotive Interior Lighting, specifically for backlightingswitches(window controls, seat heaters, climate control), dashboard indicators, and center console icons. Its side-view emission and wide angle make it ideal for lighting thin panels or light guides from the edge.
.2 Design Considerations
- Current Driving:Use a constant current driver set to 30mA or lower for optimal lifetime and stable output. Consider the derating curve if the operating ambient temperature is high.
- Thermal Management:Ensure adequate PCB copper pour or thermal vias to dissipate heat from the solder pads, especially if driven at or near the maximum current.
- Optical Design:The 120° viewing angle provides wide coverage. For uniform illumination over an area, a light guide or diffuser may be necessary.
- ESD Protection:Implement standard ESD handling procedures during assembly. In-circuit ESD protection may be advisable depending on the application environment.
. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
Compared to standard amber LEDs without AEC-Q102 qualification, this device offers guaranteed reliability for automotive use. Its Phosphor Converted Amber technology typically offers higher efficiency and better color consistency than traditional colored epoxy amber LEDs. The combination of high brightness (2800mcd typ.) and a very wide viewing angle (120°) in a side-view package is a key differentiator for space-limited backlighting tasks where light needs to be injected into a guide.
. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the difference between "Typical" and "Maximum" luminous intensity?
A: "Typical" represents the average or expected value from production. "Maximum" is the upper limit of the specification range; individual units will be at or below this value. Design should be based on the minimum or typical value for consistency.
Q: Can I drive this LED with a 3.3V supply directly?
A> Not reliably. The typical forward voltage is 3.25V at 30mA, very close to 3.3V. Variations in VF (up to 3.75V) and supply voltage tolerance would cause inconsistent or insufficient current. A constant current driver or a series resistor with a higher voltage supply (e.g., 5V) is required.
Q: What does "Sulfur Robustness Class B1" mean?
A> It indicates the LED's resistance to corrosion in sulfur-containing atmospheres. Class B1 is a specific performance level defined in industry tests, showing the device has passed testing for use in environments with moderate levels of sulfur contamination.
Q: How do I interpret the luminous intensity bin codes like "BB"?
A> Code "BB" corresponds to a luminous intensity range of 2240 to 2800 mcd. You would select this bin if your design requires a brightness in that specific range to ensure performance targets are met.
. Design and Usage Case Study
Scenario: Backlighting an Automotive Window Switch Panel.A designer needs to illuminate four switch symbols on a thin, dark panel. Using the side-view LED, they can place the components on the edge of the PCB, directing light into a molded acrylic light guide that runs behind the panel. The 120° viewing angle ensures efficient coupling of light into the guide. The designer sets the drive current to 25mA (below the 30mA typical) to extend lifetime and reduce heat, relying on the high typical brightness to still achieve sufficient illumination through the guide and icon. The AEC-Q102 qualification and sulfur robustness give confidence in the long-term reliability of the backlighting system in the vehicle's interior environment.
. Technology Principle Introduction
This LED is based on a Phosphor Converted (PC) design. It likely uses a blue or near-UV semiconductor die. This primary light is not emitted directly. Instead, it excites a layer of phosphor material deposited on or near the die. The phosphor absorbs the high-energy photons from the die and re-emits light at longer wavelengths, in this case, producing amber/yellow light. The specific blend of phosphors and their concentration determines the exact chromaticity coordinates (x=0.57, y=0.41). This method allows for high efficiency and excellent color rendering or saturation compared to using a semiconductor material that natively emits amber light, which is typically less efficient.
. Industry Trends and Developments
The trend in automotive interior lighting is towards higher integration, smarter control (dynamic lighting, mood lighting), and increased use of LEDs for all functions. Components like this side-view LED are evolving to offer even higher efficacy (more light per watt), allowing for lower power consumption and reduced thermal load. There is also a push for tighter color binning to ensure perfect color matching across all indicators in a vehicle's cabin. Furthermore, the drive for fully autonomous vehicle interiors is leading to increased demand for reliable, long-life illumination components that can last the lifetime of the vehicle without maintenance. The integration of diagnostic features directly into LED packages is another emerging trend.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |