LED na SMD na Jani na Duban Gefe Jerin 57-21 - Girman Kunshin 2.0x1.25x0.7mm - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.75-2.35V - Ƙarfin Haske 45-112mcd - Takardun Fasaha

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin 57-21 yana wakiltar iyali na LED na SMD (Na'urar Haɗawa ta Surface) masu duban gefe. Wannan takarda ta musamman ta yi cikakken bayani game da nau'in janin, wanda ke amfani da guntu na semiconductor na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) don samar da haske mai haske ja. Ana siffanta na'urar da ƙaramin kunshinta mai ƙanƙanta, wanda aka ƙera musamman don aikace-aikacen da sarari ke da matukar muhimmanci kuma ana buƙatar hasken gefe.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayin Samfur

Fa'idodin ƙira na wannan jerin LED sun samo asali ne daga tsarin kunshinsa. Yana da faɗin kusurwar dubawa, yawanci digiri 120, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙirar mai nuna haske na ciki. Wannan ya sa kayan aikin ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen jagorar haske ko bututun haske, inda haɗin kai mai inganci da daidaitaccen hasken gefe ke da muhimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, na'urar tana aiki a ƙananan matakan wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ta dace da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da baturi da sauran aikace-aikacen da amfani da wutar lantarki ke da muhimmanci. Ana kera samfurin a matsayin mara gubar kuma yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu Haɗari).

1.2 Aikace-aikacen da Ake Nufi

Haɗin siffar duban gefe, faɗin kusurwar dubawa, da ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki suna ayyana kasuwarsa da ake nufi. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da hasken baya don Allon LCD masu launi cikakke, musamman a cikin na'urorin lantarki masu sirara kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin hannu, da kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka. Hakanan ya dace da alamomin yanayin a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa ofis (OA) kuma a matsayin maye gurbin zamani mai inganci na ƙananan ƙwayoyin fitila na gargajiya a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassarar ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ƙayyade don na'urar a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C).

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin karkatar da baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):25 mA DC. Matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu da aka yarda.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP):60 mA. Ana yarda da wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki a 1 kHz), yana da amfani don haɗawa ko gajerun sigina masu haske.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):60 mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya watsawa a matsayin zafi.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C da -40°C zuwa +100°C, bi da bi, yana nuna dacewa don masana'antu da faɗaɗa kewayon muhalli.
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):2000V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Matsakaicin matakin da ke buƙatar matakan kula da ESD na asali yayin haɗawa.
• Zazzabi na Solder:An ƙayyade sake yin solder a 260°C na tsawon dakika 10 ko solder na hannu a 350°C na tsawon dakika 3, yana ayyana iyakokin yanayin zafi don haɗin PCB.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu na I_F= 10mA kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):Ya kewayo daga 45 mcd (ƙarami) zuwa 112 mcd (matsakaici), tare da matsakaicin juriya na ±11%. Wannan shine hasken janin da aka fitar.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (na al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin matsakaicin ƙimarsa, yana tabbatar da faɗin tsarin fitarwa mai yaduwa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Tsakanin 617.5 nm da 633.5 nm. Wannan yana ayyana launin janin da ake gani (launi). An ƙayyade juriya na ±1 nm don daidaitaccen daidaitawar launi.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):Yawanci 632 nm, yana nuna kololuwar hasken da aka fitar, wanda zai iya bambanta kaɗan da tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):Yawanci 20 nm, yana bayyana faɗin bakan da aka fitar a kusa da tsayin tsayin kololuwa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Tsakanin 1.75V da 2.35V a 10mA, tare da juriya na ±0.1V. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 µA a 5V karkatar da baya, yana nuna ingancin haɗin gwiwa mai kyau.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun launi da haske.

3.1 Rarraba Tsawon Tsawon da ya fi Rinjaye

Ana rarraba kwandon tsawon tsayi a ƙarƙashin lambar 'A' kuma an raba su zuwa ƙananan kwandon huɗu (E4, E5, E6, E7), kowanne yana ɗaukar kewayon 4 nm daga 617.5 nm zuwa 633.5 nm. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓar LED tare da takamaiman inuwar ja, mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen bayyanar launi a cikin raka'a da yawa.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

Ana rarraba haske zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu: P1 (45-57 mcd), P2 (57-72 mcd), Q1 (72-90 mcd), da Q2 (90-112 mcd). Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓi bisa ga matakan haske da ake buƙata, yana iya inganta amfani da wutar lantarki ko cika takamaiman buƙatun hoto.

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

An haɗa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a ƙarƙashin lambar 'B' tare da kwandon uku: 0 (1.75-1.95V), 1 (1.95-2.15V), da 2 (2.15-2.35V). Sanin V_Fkwandon na iya zama mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu inganci, musamman a cikin na'urorin da ke aiki da baturi, don rage raguwar ƙarfin lantarki da asarar wutar lantarki.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardun bayanan sun haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar haɓaka tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki don diode na semiconductor. Ga wannan LED, a 25°C, ƙarfin lantarki yana tashi daga kusan 1.6V a ƙananan halin yanzu zuwa kusan 2.8V a 40mA. Lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don tantance wurin aiki da ƙirar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu.

4.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna cewa fitarwar haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma ba a layi daya ba. Yana karkata zuwa jikewa a manyan halayen yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, yana nuna tasirin aikin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki), inda za a iya amfani da manyan halayen yanzu don samun ɗan gajeren lokaci mafi girma ba tare da wuce matsakaicin iyakokin watsawar wutar lantarki ba.

4.3 Lanƙwasa Rage Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan jadawalin ne mai mahimmanci na sarrafa zafi. Yana nuna matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin yanayin yanayi (T_a). Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu don hana yin zafi sosai. Misali, a 85°C, matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu ya fi ƙasa sosai fiye da ƙimar 25mA a 25°C.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Taswirar bakan ta tabbatar da yanayin LED mai launi guda, yana nuna kololuwa guda a kusa da 632 nm tare da faɗin bakan na al'ada na 20 nm. Akwai ƙaramin fitarwa a wasu sassan bakan da ake iya gani, wanda ke da halayen LED na janin AlGaInP mai tsafta.

4.5 Tsarin Radiation (Zanen Polar)

Wannan zanen yana wakiltar kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 a zahiri. An tsara ƙarfin a kan jadawali mai ma'ana, yana nuna faɗin tsarin fitarwa mai kama da Lambert inda ƙarfin ya fi girma a digiri 0 (daidai da guntu) kuma yana raguwa a hankali zuwa 50% a ±60 digiri daga tsakiya.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshi da Sawun Ƙafa

Na'urar tana da ƙaramin kunshin SMD na duban gefe. Manyan girma sun haɗa da tsawon jiki kusan 2.0 mm, faɗin 1.25 mm, da tsayi na 0.7 mm. Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya sun ƙayyade duk mahimman girma, gami da wuraren kushin da juriya (yawanci ±0.1mm), waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don shimfidar PCB da tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da daidaitawa.

5.2 Ganewar Polarity

Ana gano cathode ta alama ta alamar kusurwa ko tsaga akan kunshin. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen polarity yayin sanyawa don tabbatar da aiki mai kyau.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Ma'auni na Sake Solder

An ƙididdige kayan aikin don hanyoyin sake yin solder mara gubar tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10. Wannan ya yi daidai da daidaitattun bayanan martaba na IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. Solder na hannu tare da ƙarfe kuma ana yarda da shi a 350°C na matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace gubar, yana buƙatar fasaha mai kyau don guje wa lalacewar zafi.

6.2 Hancin Danshi da Ajiya

Ana tattara LED a cikin jakunkunan shinge masu hana danshi tare da busassun abu don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" (fashewar kunshin) yayin sake yin solder. Da zarar an buɗe jakar da aka rufe, yakamata a yi amfani da abubuwan a cikin takamaiman lokacin (ba a bayyana a sarari ba amma an nuna shi ta hanyar kunshin) ko a gasa bisa ga daidaitattun hanyoyin MSL (Matakin Hancin Danshi) kafin yin solder.

7. Bayanan Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tepe da Reel

Don haɗawa ta atomatik, ana ba da abubuwan a kan tepe mai ɗaukar kaya da aka lulluɓe akan reels. An ƙayyade faɗin tepe, tazarar aljihu, da girma na reel don dacewa da daidaitattun kayan aikin zaɓe da sanyawa na SMD. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 500.

7.2 Bayanin Alama da Lambar Sashe

Alamar reel ta ƙunshi mahimman bayanai don gano asali da daidaitaccen aikace-aikace: Lambar Sashe (PN), Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), adadi (QTY), lambar kuri'a (LOT NO), da takamaiman kwandon aiki don Ƙarfin Haske (CAT), Tsawon Tsawon da ya fi Rinjaye (HUE), da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF). Lambar sashe 57-21/R6C-AP1Q2B/BF mai yiwuwa tana ɓoye jerin, launi, da takamaiman lambobin kwandon.

8. Gwajin Dogaro da cancanta

Samfurin yana fuskantar jerin gwaje-gwajen dogaro da aka gudanar tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD) na 10%. Manyan gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da:

• Sake Solder:Yana tabbatar da rayuwa ta hanyar bayanan martabar zafi na haɗawa.
• Zagayowar Zafin Jiki & Girgizar Zafi:Yana gwada ƙarfi akan damuwar faɗaɗawar zafi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Babban/Ƙananan Ajiyar Zafin Jiki:Yana kimanta kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayin rashin aiki.
• Rayuwar Aiki ta DC:Gwajin rayuwa na awa 1000 a 20mA don kimanta lalacewar aiki akan lokaci.
• Zafi mai zafi/Danshi (85°C/85% RH):Yana gwada juriya ga danshi mai zafi, wanda zai iya haifar da lalata ko wasu gazawar.

9. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

9.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Mafi yawan hanyar tuƙi shine resistor na jerin mai sauƙi. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_F(2.35V) don lissafin yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce matakin da ake so ba ko da tare da bambancin sashi zuwa sashi. Misali, tare da wadata 5V da manufa I_Fna 10mA: R = (5V - 2.35V) / 0.01A = 265 Ω. Daidaitaccen resistor 270 Ω zai dace. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kwanciyar hankali na haske ko aiki daga tushen wutar lantarki mai canzawa (kamar baturi), ana ba da shawarar direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu.

9.2 Ƙira don Haɗin Bututun Haske

An inganta faɗin kusurwar dubawa da ƙirar kunshin don bututun haske. Don mafi kyawun sakamako, yakamata a sanya LED kusa da ƙofar shiga na jagorar haske. Kayan da kammalawa na bututun haske (misali, acrylic, polycarbonate) da kowane lanƙwasa ko fasali zai shafi daidaiton fitarwar haske na ƙarshe da inganci. Kwaikwayiyar gani ko ƙirar ƙira sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci don ƙira masu sarƙaƙiya.

9.3 Abubuwan Kula da Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da cewa watsawar wutar lantarki tana da ƙasa, ci gaba da aiki a manyan yanayin zafi ko manyan halayen yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa. Dole ne a bi lanƙwasa rage ƙima. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla a kusa da kushin PCB yana taimakawa wajen watsar zafi da kiyaye aikin LED da tsawon rai.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Manyan bambance-bambancen wannan jerin LED na duban gefe sune haɗin kai na halayensa: siffar fitarwa ta gefe, faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 da aka sauƙaƙa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mai nuna haske na ciki, da kuma amfani da fasahar AlGaInP don janin haske mai inganci. Idan aka kwatanta da LED na duban sama, yana ba da haske a layi daya da jirgin PCB, wanda ke da mahimmanci don nuni na hasken gefe. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran LED na duban gefe, ingantaccen mai nuna haske na ciki yana nufin mafi girman ingancin haɗin kai zuwa jagororin haske. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na guntu na AlGaInP kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi girman ingancin wutar lantarki gabaɗaya idan aka kwatanta da wasu tsofaffin fasahohi.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 20mA akai-akai?

A: Ee, Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici don ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba shine 25mA, don haka 20mA yana cikin yankin aiki mai aminci, muddin yanayin yanayi yana cikin iyaka (duba lanƙwasa rage ƙima).

Q: Me yasa akwai faɗin kewayon a cikin Ƙarfin Haske (45-112 mcd)?

A: Wannan shine cikakken yaduwar samarwa. Ta hanyar tsarin rarrabuwa (P1, P2, Q1, Q2), masu kera da abokan ciniki za su iya zaɓar sassa a cikin ƙaramin kewayon haske don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samfurinsu na ƙarshe.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Tsawon da ya fi Rinjaye da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?

A: Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p) shine madaidaicin madaidaicin ƙarfin bakan. Tsawon Tsawon da ya fi Rinjaye (λ_d) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige wacce ta fi wakiltar launin da idon mutum ya gani, yana ɗaukar dukkan bakan fitarwa da kuma hankalin ido. λ_dya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q: Shin resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu koyaushe yana da mahimmanci?

A: Ee. LED na'urar ce da ke motsa halin yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali, amma halin yanzu na iya ƙaruwa da sauri tare da ƙananan ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki. Resistor ko da'irar mai aiki mai ci gaba da halin yanzu yana da mahimmanci don hana guduwar zafi da lalata LED.

12. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar alamar yanayi don na'urar likita mai ɗaukuwa.

Na'urar tana buƙatar alamar janin \"jiran aiki/caji\" da ake iya gani daga gefe. An zaɓi LED na jerin 57-21 a cikin kwandon haske na Q1 (72-90 mcd) don isasshen gani. Na'urar tana aiki da wadataccen wadata na 3.3V. Manufa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya I_Fna 8mA don tsawon rai na baturi da kuma amfani da matsakaicin V_Fna 2.35V don lissafi mafi muni: R = (3.3V - 2.35V) / 0.008A = 118.75 Ω. An zaɓi resistor 120 Ω. An sanya LED a gefen PCB, daidai da bututun haske na acrylic da aka ƙera wanda ke jagorantar haske zuwa ƙaramin taga akan akwatin na'urar. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin alamar ko da lokacin da aka duba na'urar daga kusurwa mai karkata.

13. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Fitarwar haske a cikin wannan LED yana dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor da aka yi da AlGaInP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Makamashin da aka saki yayin wannan sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi azaman photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kuma yana ƙayyade tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, a cikin bakan ja (~632 nm). Mai nuna haske na ciki da ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta suna siffanta fitarwar haske zuwa tsarin kusurwa mai faɗi da ake so.

14. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

LED na SMD na duban gefe kamar jerin 57-21 suna wakiltar cikakkiyar mafita da ingantacciyar mafita don hasken baya mai ƙuntata sarari da nuni. Yarjejeniyar a wannan yanki na ci gaba da zuwa ƙananan girman kunshin (misali, tsayi 1.0mm ko ƙasa), mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), da ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin rarrabuwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai haɗin kai tare da wasu abubuwan, kamar LED tare da resistor masu iyakance halin yanzu ko direbobin IC. Duk da yake sabbin fasahohi kamar Micro-LEDs da ingantattun OLEDs suna fitowa don aikace-aikacen nuni kai tsaye, sauƙi, dogaro, da ingancin kuɗi na rarrabuwar LED na duban gefe suna tabbatar da ci gaba da dacewarsu a cikin hasken sakandare da matsayin alama na gaba.