Bayanin Fasaha na LED Infrared mai Duban Gefe IR908-7C-F - Kunshin Fitowa daga Gefe - Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma 940nm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.25V - Kwanan Duba 40deg - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

IR908-7C-F diode ne mai fitar da infrared mai ƙarfi, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin kunshi na filastik mai duban gefe. Wannan ƙirar tana da guntu (chip) da ke fitar da haske daga gefen ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar siffar fitarwa daga gefe. Na'urar tana da siffa mai aminci sosai da ƙarfin haske, tare da tsawon zango mafi girma na 940nm.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Amintacciyar aiki da ƙarfin haske.
• Aiki da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba.
• Ba shi da gubar (Pb-free), ya bi ka'idodin RoHS, da EU REACH da Halogen Free (Br < 900ppm, Cl < 900ppm, Br+Cl < 1500ppm).
• Tsarin tazarar igiyoyin 2.54mm don sauƙin haɗawa da PCB.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

• Linzamin kwamfuta (mice) don bin diddigin haske.
• Maɓallai da na'urori masu auna haske na lantarki (optoelectronic switches da sensors).
• Tsarin aikace-aikacen infrared na gabaɗaya.

2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimomin an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

• Madaidaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (IF):50 mA
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (VR):5 V
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (Topr):-25 zuwa +85 °C
• Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40 zuwa +85 °C
• Yanayin Zafin Solder (Tsol):260 °C na < dakika 5
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C zafin iska kyauta

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ma'auni na yau da kullun ana auna su a Ta=25°C. Ƙarfin Hasken (IC(ON)) muhimmin ma'auni ne da ake aunawa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji (IF=4mA, VCE=3.5V).

• Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma (λp):940 nm (Na yau da kullun) a IF=20mA
• Faɗin Bakan Hasken (Δλ):50 nm (Na yau da kullun) a IF=20mA
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):1.25 V (Na yau da kullun), 1.60 V (Matsakaici) a IF=20mA
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (IR):10 µA (Matsakaici) a VR=5V
• Kwanan Duba (2θ1/2):Digiri 40 (Na yau da kullun) a IF=20mA

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

IR908-7C-F yana samuwa a cikin matakai daban-daban na aiki bisa ga ƙarfinsa na haske (IC(ON)). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urori masu daidaitaccen fitar da haske don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Cikakkun Matakai (E1 zuwa E11)

Waɗannan matakai suna ba da zaɓi mai kyau na ƙarfin haske. Misali, Mataki E1 ya ƙunshi 143 zuwa 255 µA, yayin da Mataki E11 ya ƙunshi 857 zuwa 1137 µA, duk an auna su a IF=4mA, VCE=3.5V.

3.2 Matakai Masu Faɗi (7-2, 7-1, 6-2, 6-1)

Waɗannan rukuni ne mafi faɗi. Misali, Mataki 6-1 ya ƙunshi kewayon ƙarfin haske daga 650 zuwa 1274 µA. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan teburin rarrabawa don tunani ne kawai, ba don garantin jigilar takamaiman rarrabawa ba.

4. Bincike Kan Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanin fasaha ya haɗa da lankwasu na yau da kullun masu mahimmanci don ƙira daftarin lantarki da sarrafa zafi.

4.1 Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna yadda matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar gaba da aka yarda da shi ke raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ke ƙaruwa, wanda yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin aiki na dogon lokaci.

4.2 Rarraba Bakan Hasken

Yana kwatanta fitar da ƙarfin haske a matsayin aiki na tsawon zango, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da kololuwar 940nm.

4.3 Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lankwasa IV)

Yana ayyana alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin wutar da ke gudana ta diode da raguwar ƙarfin wutar a cikinta, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙira daftarin tuƙi (driver circuit).

4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Matsayi na Kusurawa

Wannan zanen iyakacin duniya (polar plot) yana nuna kwanan duban digiri 40 a zahiri, yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haske da aka fitar ke raguwa a kusurwoyin da suka nisa daga tsakiyar axis.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

Na'urar ta zo a cikin takamaiman kunshi mai duban gefe. Duk girmansu yana cikin milimita tare da juzu'i na gabaɗaya na ±0.3mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade wani abu. An ba da cikakken zanen girma mai ma'auni a cikin ainihin bayanin fasaha, wanda ke nuna girman jiki, tsawon igiya, da tazara.

5.2 Gano Ƙarshen Wutar Lantarki (Polarity)

An yiwa anode da cathode alama a sarari. Dole ne a kiyaye madaidaicin ƙarshen wutar lantarki yayin haɗa daftarin lantarki don hana lalacewa.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Siffantar Igya

• Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa a nesa mafi girma da 3mm daga ƙasan jikin resin na epoxy.
• Dole ne a tsare firam ɗin igiya yayin lanƙwasa, kuma a guji matsi akan jikin epoxy.
• Dole ne a koyaushe a yi siffantar igiyakafinaikin solder.
• Dole ne a yi yankan igiyoyi a yanayin zafin daki.
• Dole ne ramukan PCB su yi daidai da igiyoyin LED don guje wa matsin sanyawa.

6.2 Ma'auni na Solder

Dole ne a kula don ajiye haɗin solder aƙalla 3mm daga kwan fitar haske na epoxy.

• Solder da Hannu:Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen gwangwani 300°C (matsakaicin 30W), lokacin solder < dakika 3.
• Solder ta Tsoma:Matsakaicin zafin preheat 100°C (<60 sec), matsakaicin zafin bahon solder 260°C na < dakika 5.
• An ba da shawarar yanayin zafin solder don rage girgizar zafi.
• A guji girgiza ko rawar jiki yayin da LED yake da zafi daga solder.
• Kada a yi tsoma ko solder da hannu fiye da sau ɗaya.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Tsaftacewa ta Ultrasonicba a ba da shawaradon wannan na'urar.

6.4 Yanayin Ajiya

• Bayan jigilar kaya, a ajiye a 10-30°C da 70% RH ko ƙasa har zuwa watanni 3.
• Don ajiyar dogon lokaci (>watanni 3 zuwa shekara 1), yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da yanayin nitrogen a 10-25°C da 20-60% RH.
• Bayan buɗe ainihin kunshin, yi amfani da na'urorin cikin sa'o'i 24 idan zai yiwu, kuma a ajiye ragowar a 10-25°C da 20-60% RH, tare da sake rufe jakar da sauri.
• A guji saurin canjin zafi a cikin yanayin ɗanɗano mai yawa don hana hazo.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi

Matsakaicin adadin kunshi shine guda 1000 a kowace jaka, jakuna 8 a kowace akwati, da akwatuna 10 a kowace kati.

7.2 Ƙayyadaddun Lakabi

Lakabin samfurin ya haɗa da filayen don Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashe (P/N), Yawa (QTY), Matakai (CAT), Tunani (REF), da Lambar Rukuni (LOT No).

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

8.1 Daftaran Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Lokacin ƙirar daftarin tuƙi, ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba (yawanci 1.25V) yana ba da damar aiki daga tushen wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙarfin wutar gaba a cikin Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma na 50mA. Don aikin bugun jini (pulsed operation), koma ga lankwasun da ba a nuna su a sarari ba amma an nuna su ta hanyar ma'aunin rushewar wutar lantarki.

8.2 Sarrafa Zafi

Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci. An ƙididdige rushewar wutar lantarki a 75mW a 25°C. Yayin da zafin muhalli ke tashi, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin wutar gaba da aka yarda da su bisa haka. Masu ƙira su tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko wasu hanyoyin sanyaya zafi idan ana aiki kusa da matsakaicin ma'auni ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.

8.3 Daidaita Hasken

Yanayin fitar da haske daga gefe na wannan LED yana buƙatar ƙirar injiniya mai kyau don daidaita gefen fitar da haske daidai da na'urar auna haske ko hanyar haske. Kwanan duban digiri 40 yana ayyana faɗaɗar hasken.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta IR908-7C-F shinekunshinsa mai duban gefe (sidelooker)Ba kamar LED masu fitarwa daga sama ba, wannan kunshi yana fitar da hasken infrared daga gefen kayan. Wannan fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari kamar linzamin kwamfuta na gani, inda LED da na'urar auna haske ke buƙatar sanyawa a layi daya da saman da ake bin diddigi, ko a cikin na'urori masu katse haske na tsarin rami (slot-type).

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matakan-E da Matakan Masu Faɗi?

Matakan-E (E1 zuwa E11) suna ba da zaɓi mafi kyau, mafi ƙanƙanta na fitar da haske don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaito mai ƙarfi. Matakan Masu Faɗi (misali, 7-2, 6-1) sun ƙunshi kewayon mafi faɗi kuma galibi ana amfani da su don aikace-aikacen inda ainihin ƙarfin haske ba shi da mahimmanci sosai. Bayanin fasaha ya faɗi a sarari cewa teburin rarrabawa don tunani ne kawai.

10.2 Me ya sa nisan solder (3mm daga epoxy) yake da mahimmanci haka?

Resin na epoxy wanda ke samar da ruwan tabarau da jikin LED yana da hankali ga yanayin zafi mai girma. Yawan zafi yayin solder na iya haifar da matsi na ciki, fashewa, ko lalacewar kaddarorin gani, wanda zai haifar da gazawar da ba a yi tsammani ba ko rage fitar da haske.

10.3 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a matsakaicin ƙarfinsa na ci gaba na 50mA?

Ko da yana yiwuwa, ba a ba da shawara don aiki mai aminci na dogon lokaci ba, musamman a yanayin zafi mafi girma na muhalli. Rushewar wutar lantarki a 50mA da Vf na yau da kullun na 1.25V zai zama 62.5mW, wanda yake kusa da ma'aunin 75mW a 25°C. Ingantaccen sanyaya zafi da rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki bisa ga Lankwasa Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli suna da mahimmanci don ƙira mai ƙarfi.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Misali: Haɗawa cikin Maɓalli na Gani na Lantarki (Na'urar Auna Rami)

A cikin na'urar auna rami mai siffar U na yau da kullun, ana sanya IR908-7C-F a gefe ɗaya na ramin, yana fuskantar phototransistor ko photodiode a gefe guda. Siffar fitarwa daga gefe ta cika daidai wannan lissafin lissafi, tana jagorantar haske a kwance a kan ratar. Wani abu da ya wuce ta cikin rami yana katse hasken, yana kunna na'urar auna. Matakan ƙira sun haɗa da: 1) Zaɓar mataki da ya dace (misali, E5) don isasshen gefen siginar. 2) Ƙirar daftarin tuƙi na madaidaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka saita zuwa 20mA don mafi kyawun aiki. 3) Tabbatar cewa ginin injiniya ya daidaita gefen fitar da haske na LED daidai da mai karɓa. 4) Bi duk jagororin solder don hana lalacewa yayin haɗa PCB.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Diodes masu Fitowa da Hasken Infrared (IR LEDs) suna aiki bisa ainihin ka'ida ɗaya da LED masu gani: electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin siffar photons. Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Don wannan na'urar, ana amfani da Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) don samar da photons a cikin bakan infrared na kusa, musamman a kololuwar 940nm, wanda idon ɗan adam ba ya gani amma silicon photodetectors suna gano shi cikin sauƙi.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Trend a fasahar LED infrared yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen aiki (ƙarin fitarwa na haske a kowace watt na lantarki), ingantaccen aminci, da ƙananan girman kunshi. Haka nan akwai kuzari zuwa ga ingantaccen tsawon zango na musamman don aikace-aikace kamar gane fuska (850nm, 940nm) da auna iskar gas. Salon kunshi mai fitarwa daga gefe, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin IR908-7C-F, ya kasance muhimmin siffar siffa don takamaiman ƙira hanyar haske kuma yana iya yin ci gaba da amfani da ingantawa a cikin ƙananan na'urori masu auna haske.