Takardun Bayani na Sidelooker Infrared LED IR928-6C-F - Tsakanin Kafafu 2.54mm - Tsawon Ra'ayi 940nm - Halin Yanzu 50mA - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 75mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

IR928-6C-F babban LED ne mai ƙarfi, wanda ke fitar da hasken infrared daga gefe (side-emitting infrared light-emitting diode). An ƙera shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙaramin tushen haske mai fuskantar gefe. An siffata na'urar a cikin kunshin filastik mai tsabta, wanda ke ba da damar hasken infrared daga guntu na GaAs ya fito daga gefen kayan. Wannan salon kunshin yana da amfani musamman a cikin ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari inda LED mai fitarwa daga sama bai dace ba.

Babban fa'idodin wannan na'urar sun haɗa da babban ƙarfin haske, ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, da babban aminci. An ƙera shi don zama mara gubar (Pb-free), ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da ƙuntatawa na abubuwa marasa halogen (Br<900ppm, Cl<900ppm, Br+Cl<1500ppm). Matsakaicin tsakanin kafafu na 2.54mm yana sa ya dace da tsarin PCB na rami na yau da kullun.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Ba za a iya aiki da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakokin ba don hana lalacewa na dindindin. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba (IF) an ƙididdige shi a 50 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (VR) da za a iya amfani da shi shine 5 V. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin kewayon yanayin yanayi (Topr) na -25°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana ta (Tstg) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C. Matsakaicin zafin solder (Tsol) shine 260°C na ƙasa da dakika 5. Matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki (Pd) a ko ƙasa da zafin iska 25°C shine 75 mW.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

An ƙayyade waɗannan sigogi a daidaitan yanayin gwaji na Ta=25°C. Matsakaicin tsawon ra'ayin da ake fitarwa (λp) yawanci 940nm ne, tare da faɗin ra'ayi (Δλ) na 50nm, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikace a cikin kewayon infrared na kusa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci 1.25V ne a halin yanzu na gaba na 20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.60V, yana nuna ingantaccen ingancin lantarki. Halin yanzu na baya (IR) matsakaici ne na 10 µA a cikakken ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya na 5V. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine digiri 20, yana ayyana ɗan ƙuntataccen hasken infrared da ke fitowa daga gefen kunshin.

Muhimmin sigogi shine halin yanzu na haske (IC(ON)), wanda shine photocurrent da aka samar a cikin gwajin phototransistor a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi (IF=4mA, VCE=3.5V). Ana amfani da wannan sigogi don rarraba LED ɗin zuwa matakan ƙarfi daban-daban.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ana rarraba IR928-6C-F zuwa matakai daban-daban dangane da ƙarfinsa na haske, wanda aka auna a matsayin IC(ON). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin aiki don aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. Teburin rarraba yana ba da mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙima ga kowace lambar matsayi. Misali, matsayi 5-2 yana da kewayon IC(ON) na 1053 zuwa 1870 µA, yayin da matsayi 7-2 yana da kewayon 306 zuwa 441 µA. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan teburin bin don tunani ne kawai, kuma ba a garantin takamaiman jigilar kaya ba sai dai idan an ƙayyade yayin yin oda. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi la'akari da yiwuwar bambancin fitarwa a cikin zaɓaɓɓen matsayi.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Takardun bayani ya haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira da sarrafa zafi.

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwasa raguwa yana nuna yadda matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru sama da 25°C. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aminci na dogon lokaci da hana guduwar zafi.

4.2 Rarraba Ra'ayi (Spectral Distribution)

Wannan jadawali yana kwatanta matsakaicin ƙarfin haske a matsayin aikin tsawon ra'ayi, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da kololuwar 940nm. Faɗin ra'ayi na 50nm yana bayyane, yana nuna yaduwar tsayin ra'ayoyin da aka fitar.

4.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba

Lanƙwasa IV yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu da ke gudana ta LED da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikinta. Ba layi daya bane, kamar yadda diode ke saba. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.

4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Matsakaicin Karkacewa (Angular Displacement)

Wannan makircin polar yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo na digiri 20 a zahiri, yana nuna yadda ƙarfin hasken infrared da aka fitar ya ragu yayin da kuke tafiya daga tsakiyar axis daidai da gefen kunshin.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Kunshin ƙira ne mai kallon gefe, ta hanyar rami. An gano anode da cathode a fili a cikin zanen kunshin. An ba da cikakken zanen girma, tare da duk raka'a a cikin milimita da matsakaicin ƙimar ±0.3mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Kafafun suna da matsakaicin tsaka-tsaki na 2.54mm (0.1 inch). Zanen ya ƙayyade mahimman nisa, kamar mafi ƙarancin nisa da aka ba da shawarar (3mm) daga kwalliyar epoxy zuwa kowane wuri na lanƙwasa ko solder don guje wa damuwa na injiniya da na zafi akan kunshin.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Siffantar Kafafu

Dole ne a siffata kafafu kafin a yi solder. Dole ne lanƙwasa ya faru aƙalla 3mm daga ƙasan kwalliyar epoxy. Dole ne a riƙe firam ɗin jagora yadda ya kamata yayin lanƙwasa don guje wa damuwa akan epoxy, wanda zai iya fashe LED ko lalata igiyoyin ciki. Yanke kafafu yakamata a yi shi a yanayin daki.

6.2 Tsarin Solder

Duka sigogin solder na hannu da na tsoma / igiyar ruwa an ƙayyade su. Don solder na hannu, ana ba da shawarar zafin ƙarshen gwangwani na 300°C matsakaici (30W matsakaici) tare da lokacin solder na dakika 3 matsakaici. Don igiyar ruwa solder, an ƙayyade preheat na 100°C matsakaici na dakika 60 matsakaici, sannan wanka na solder a 260°C matsakaici na dakika 5 matsakaici. A kowane hali, dole ne haɗin solder ya zama aƙalla 3mm daga kwalliyar epoxy. An ba da zanen bayanin solder, yana nuna yadda ake ba da shawarar zafin jiki da dangantakar lokaci don igiyar ruwa solder. Ba za a yi solder fiye da sau ɗaya ba. Bayan solder, dole ne a kare LED daga girgiza na injiniya har sai ya yi sanyi zuwa yanayin daki.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Bayan jigilar kaya, yakamata a adana LED a 10-30°C da ≤70% zafi na dangi (RH) har zuwa watanni 3. Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara guda), yakamata a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufaffiyar yanayi tare da yanayin nitrogen a 10-25°C da 20-60% RH. Da zarar an buɗe ainihin kunshin, yakamata a yi amfani da na'urori cikin sa'o'i 24 ko da wuri-wuri, kuma a adana su a 10-25°C da 20-60% RH. Yakamata a guji saurin canjin zafin jiki a cikin babban zafi don hana hazo.

6.4 Tsaftacewa da ESD

Ba a ba da shawarar tsaftacewa ta Ultrasonic ba saboda zai iya lalata kunshin. Na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Ana ba da shawarar matakan kariya na ESD da suka dace, kamar amfani da tashoshin aiki masu tushe da abin wuya, yayin sarrafawa.

6.5 Gudanar da Zafi

Ingantaccen ƙirar zafi yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne a rage halin yanzu na aiki bisa ga lanƙwasa raguwa lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya wuce 25°C. Dole ne a sarrafa zafin jiki a kusa da LED a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe don kiyaye aiki da aminci.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Matsakaicin adadin kunshin shine guda 1000 a kowace jaka, jakuna 8 a kowace akwati, da akwatuna 10 a kowace akwati, jimlar guda 80,000 a kowace akwati. An ba da ƙayyadaddun lakabi, yana ba da cikakkun bayanai da aka buga akan kunshin, gami da filayen Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashe (P/N), Yawa (QTY), Matsayi (CAT), Tunani (REF), da Lambar Lot (LOT No.).

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

IR928-6C-F ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙaramin tushen infrared mai fitarwa daga gefe. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da linzamin kwamfuta na gani, inda fitarwa daga gefe ke nunawa daga saman zuwa firikwensin. Hakanan ana amfani da shi a cikin maɓallan gani da wuta, tsarin gano abu, firikwensin kusanci, da kuma daban-daban tsarin sarrafa infrared mai nisa ko watsa bayanai inda takamaiman tsawon ra'ayi da siffar siffarsa suke da fa'ida.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su lokacin ƙira

Lokacin ƙira tare da wannan LED, yi la'akari da waɗannan: Tabbatar da daidaitawar ramin PCB ya dace da jagororin LED daidai don guje wa damuwa na injiniya. Aiwatar da masu jurewa halin yanzu da suka dace dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu na aiki da ake so (ci gaba da kasancewa cikin matsakaicin 50mA). Yi amfani da lanƙwasa raguwa don zaɓar halin yanzu na aiki mai aminci don tsammanin matsakaicin yanayin yanayi. Sanya LED ta yadda fuskar fitarwa daga gefenta ta dace da abin da ake nufi ko firikwensin. Yi la'akari da bambancin ƙarfi da tsarin rarraba ya ayyana a cikin hankali na da'irar karɓa (misali, phototransistor ko photodiode).

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambancin IR928-6C-F yana cikin siffar kunshinsa na kallon gefe, wanda ba ya yau da kullun a tsakanin LED na infrared na yau da kullun. Idan aka kwatanta da LED masu fitarwa daga sama, yana ba da damar shigarwa mai ƙarancin bayani lokacin da ake buƙatar jagorar radiation a kwance. Tsawon ra'ayinsa na 940nm ma'auni ne na yau da kullun, yana ba da ingantaccen dacewa tare da masu gano silicon waɗanda ke da babban hankali a cikin wannan kewayon. Haɗin babban ƙarfin haske (kamar yadda kwandon sa ya ayyana) da ƙunƙuntaccen kusurwar kallo na digiri 20 yana ba da ƙarin haske mai jagora idan aka kwatanta da LED masu faɗin kusurwar kallo, wanda zai iya ƙara ƙarfin siginar a cikin tsarin da aka daidaita.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha)

Q: Menene manufar sigogi na IC(ON) da tsarin rarraba (binning)?

A: IC(ON) ma'auni ne na fitarwar hasken LED a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji. Tsarin rarraba yana haɗa LED tare da matakan fitarwa iri ɗaya. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin daidaito don aikace-aikacensu; don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, ana iya ƙayyade ƙunƙuntaccen kwandon (misali, 6-1) don tabbatar da aiki iri ɗaya a cikin duk raka'a a cikin aikin samarwa.

Q: Me yasa nisan 3mm don lanƙwasa kafafu da solder yake da mahimmanci haka?

A: Kwalliyar epoxy da haɗin ciki (haɗin waya) daga guntu zuwa kafafu suna da hankali ga zafi da damuwa na injiniya. Yin amfani da zafi ko ƙarfi kusa da kwalliyar zai iya narkar da epoxy, fashe shi, ko karya ƙananan haɗin waya, wanda zai haifar da gazawar nan take ko ɓoyayye na LED.

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun?

A: Ba a ba da shawarar ba. LED na'urori ne masu tuƙa halin yanzu. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana da juriya kuma yana bambanta da zafin jiki. Tuƙawa tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun na iya haifar da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin halin yanzu, wanda ba a sarrafa su ba, wanda zai iya wuce matsakaicin ƙima da lalata LED. Koyaushe yi amfani da direban halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko mai jurewa jerin abubuwa mai sauƙi tare da tushen wutar lantarki don saita halin yanzu.

Q: Menene ma'anar "Pb-free" da "Halogen-Free" ga aikace-aikacena?

A: Waɗannan maganganun ne na muhalli da bin ka'idoji. Pb-free yana nufin na'urar ba ta ƙunshi gubar ba, tana bin ka'idoji kamar RoHS. Halogen-free yana nufin yana ƙunshe da ƙananan matakan bromine (Br) da chlorine (Cl), waɗanda su ne abubuwan da ke damuwa a cikin wasu ka'idojin muhalli da kuma don wasu aikace-aikacen babban aminci ko babban zafin jiki inda samfuran halogen na iya zama matsala.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Misali: Firikwensin Gano Abu

A cikin sauƙaƙan firikwensin karya-katse, ana iya haɗa IR928-6C-F tare da phototransistor da aka sanya a gabansa. Ana tuƙa LED tare da halin yanzu na yau da kullun na, misali, 20mA. Lokacin da wani abu ya wuce tsakanin LED da phototransistor, yana katse hasken infrared na 940nm. Fitarwar phototransistor ta canza, wanda za a iya gano shi ta hanyar mai kwatanta ko microcontroller don kunna aiki. Kunshin mai fitarwa daga gefe yana ba da damar duka LED da firikwensin su zama a fili akan PCB ɗaya, tare da gefunansu masu aiki suna fuskantar juna a kan rata, suna ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar firikwensi mai ƙarancin sarari. Kusurwar kallo na digiri 20 tana taimakawa tattara haske zuwa mai karɓa, yana inganta rabon siginar zuwa amo. Dole ne mai ƙira ya zaɓi kwandon IC(ON) da ya dace don tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin siginar ya isa phototransistor akan nisan firikwensin da ake so.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LED infrared diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce bakinsa, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na kayan semiconductor (Gallium Arsenide, GaAs, a wannan yanayin). Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan GaAs. Kunshin epoxy mai tsabta yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffata hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadadden kusurwar kallo na digiri 20 daga gefen kayan. An cimma ƙirar "sidelooker" ta hanyar saka guntu na semiconductor a tsaye a cikin kunshin ta yadda fuskar fitar da haske ta fuskanci bangon gefe.

13. Trends da Ci gaban Masana'antu

Trend a cikin LED na infrared, gami da nau'ikan fitarwa daga gefe, yana zuwa ga ƙarin inganci (ƙarin fitarwa na haske a kowace wutar lantarki), wanda ke rage amfani da wutar lantarki da samar da zafi. Hakanan akwai yunƙurin ƙara aminci da tsawon rai, musamman don aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu. Ƙananan ƙira yana ci gaba, kodayake kunshin ta hanyar rami kamar IR928-6C-F ya kasance sananne don ƙirar samfuri, amfani mai son, da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar haɗawa da hannu ko ƙarin ƙarfin injiniya. Nau'ikan Surface-mount device (SMD) na gefe mai fitar da IR LED suna zama gama gari don ingantaccen samarwa mai girma. Tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm ya kasance ma'auni na masana'antu saboda kyakkyawar dacewa da masu gano silicon da kuma rashin ganinsa idan aka kwatanta da hasken gani ko infrared na 850nm, wanda zai iya samun ɗan haske ja.