Takardar Bayani na Fasaha na PD42-21C/TR8 - PIN Photodiode na Silicon Mai Girman 1.8mm - Madaidaicin Hankali 940nm

1. Bayanin Samfur

PD42-21C/TR8 shine babban PIN photodiode na silicon mai sauri, mai hankali wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen gano infrared. An saka shi a cikin ƙaramin fakitin SMD mai girman 1.8mm, mai siffar lebur a sama wanda aka yi da baƙar fata. Wannan ƙirar ƙanƙanta ta sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gano infrared mai dogaro.

Na'urar tana daidaitacce da fitilun infrared na gama gari, yana inganta aiki a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa shi da tushen IR. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da saurin amsa, babban hankalin hoto, da ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don gano siginar sauri.

1.1 Fasali na Asali da Bin Ka'idoji

• Saurin Lokacin Amsa:Yana ba da damar gano sauye-sauyen siginar haske cikin sauri.
• Babban Hankalin Hoto:Yana ba da ƙarfin fitarwa na lantarki daga ƙananan matakan haske.
• Ƙananan Ƙarfin Haɗin Gwiwa:Yana taimakawa wajen aiki mai sauri ta hanyar rage lokutan RC.
• Tattarawa:Ana ba da shi akan kaset mai girman 12mm wanda aka saka akan reel mai diamita 7-inch don haɗawa ta atomatik.
• Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli:Samfurin ba shi da gubar, ya bi ka'idojin RoHS da EU REACH, kuma ba shi da Halogen (Br<900 ppm, Cl<900 ppm, Br+Cl<1500 ppm).

1.2 Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan photodiode don amfani a cikin tsarin lantarki daban-daban waɗanda ke buƙatar gano infrared daidai.

• Masu gano hoto mai sauri
• Kwafin hoto
• Na'urorin wasa da na'urori masu mu'amala
• Tsarin aikace-aikacen infrared na gabaɗaya (misali, na'urori masu gano kusanci, watsa bayanai)

2. Cikakken Bayani na Ƙididdiga na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga na Gabaɗaya

Yin amfani da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):32 V
• Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr):-25°C zuwa +85°C
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zazzabi na Solder (T_sol):260°C na ≤5 dakika
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):150 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C zazzabin iska kyauta

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Hasken (T_a=25°C)

Waɗannan sigogi suna bayyana aikin photodiode a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun.

• Faɗin Bakan Hasken (λ_0.5):730 nm zuwa 1100 nm. Na'urar tana da hankali a duk faɗin bakan infrared na kusa.
• Tsawon Zango na Madaidaicin Hankali (λ_P):940 nm. Matsakaicin amsa yana faruwa a wannan tsawon zango na infrared.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Budaddiyar Da'ira (V_OC):Yawanci 0.42 V lokacin da aka haskaka shi da 5 mW/cm² a 940nm.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gajeriyar Da'ira (I_SC):2.0 zuwa 12 μA (Typ. 5.0 μA) lokacin da aka haskaka shi da 1 mW/cm² a 875nm.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Hasken Baya (I_L):2.0 zuwa 12 μA (Typ. 5.0 μA) a V_R=5V lokacin da aka haskaka shi da 1 mW/cm² a 875nm. Wannan shine babban sigar aiki a yanayin photoconductive.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu (I_D):Matsakaicin 10 nA a V_R=10V. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki na yoyo a cikin rashin haske.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Rushewar Baya (V_BR):Mafi ƙanƙanta 32 V, Yawanci 170 V a I_R=100μA.
• Jimlar Ƙarfin Haɗin Gwiwa (C_t):Yawanci 5 pF a V_R=5V, f=1MHz. Ƙananan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa shine mabuɗi don babban bandwidth.
• Lokacin Tashi/Faɗuwa (t_r, t_f):Yawanci 6 ns kowanne a V_R=10V, R_L=1kΩ. Wannan yana ƙayyadad da saurin amsar lantarki ga bugun haske.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardar bayani ta haɗa da lankwasan halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin ƙira. Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin sigar rubutu ba, waɗannan lankwasan yawanci suna kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin mahimman sigogi, suna taimakawa wajen hasashen halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na daidaitacce ba.

3.1 Bayanin Lankwasa da Ake Nufi

Dangane da halayen photodiode na daidaitacce, yawanci ana tsara alaƙar masu zuwa:

• Amsa na Bakan Hasken:Lankwasa da ke nuna dangi amsa da tsawon zango, yana kololuwa a 940 nm kuma yana faɗuwa zuwa rabi a 730 nm da 1100 nm.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki da Haske (I_Lda E_e):Ana sa ran zai zama layi a kan faɗi mai faɗi, yana tabbatar da dacewar photodiode don auna haske na analog.
• Ƙarfin Haɗin Gwiwa da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (C_tda V_R):Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yawanci yana raguwa tare da ƙara ƙarfin lantarki na baya, yana shafar amsa na mitar.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu da Zazzabi (I_Dda T):Ƙarfin lantarki na duhu yana kusan ninki biyu ga kowane hawan 10°C a cikin zazzabi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don aiki mai zafi.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kayan Tattarawa

4.1 Girman Fakitin

Photodiode yana zuwa a cikin ƙaramin fakitin zagaye tare da diamita na jiki 1.8mm. Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya a cikin takardar bayani suna ƙayyadad da duk mahimman girmansu ciki har da tsayin ruwan tabarau, tazarar jagora, da gabaɗayan sawun ƙafa. Tolerances yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an lura daban. An ba da shirin kushin da aka ba da shawara don tunanin ƙirar PCB, amma ana shawarar injiniyoyi su gyara shi dangane da takamaiman tsarin haɗawa da buƙatun zafi.

4.2 Gano Polarity da Dora

Fakitin SMD yana da takamaiman alkibla. Zanen takardar bayani yana nuna tashoshin cathode da anode. Daidai polarity yana da mahimmanci don aikin da'ira daidai. Jikin baƙar fata tare da ruwan tabarau mai siffar lebur yana taimakawa wajen hankalin alkibla.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye dogaron na'urar da aiki.

5.1 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi

• Kada a buɗe jakar kariyar danshi har sai an shirya amfani.
• Ajiye jakunkunan da ba a buɗe ba a 10°C~30°C da ≤90% RH.
• Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan jigilar kaya.
• Bayan buɗewa, dole ne a yi amfani da na'urori cikin sa'o'i 168 (rayuwar bene) lokacin da aka ajiye su a 10°C~30°C da ≤60% RH. In ba haka ba, dole ne a sake gasa su kuma a ajiye su a cikin jakar bushewa.
• Hanyar gasa: sa'o'i 96 a 60°C ± 5°C da <5% RH.

5.2 Yanayin Solder

• Solder na Reflow:An ba da shafin zazzabi da aka ba da shawara. Kada a wuce zagayen reflow guda biyu.
• Solder na Hannu:Yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder tare da zazzabin ƙarshe <350°C da wutar lantarki <25W. Lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha ya kamata ya zama <3 dakika. Ba da tazarar dakika 2 tsakanin solder kowane tasha don hana lalacewar zafi.
• Kauce wa damuwa na injiniya akan na'urar yayin dumama da kuma kauce wa karkatar da PCB bayan solder.

5.3 Gyara da Gyaran Gyara

Ba a ba da shawarar gyara bayan solder ba. Idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu tare da ɗaga kayan daidai. Koyaushe a tabbatar da aikin na'urar bayan kowane gyara.

6. Bayanin Tattarawa da Oda

6.1 Ƙididdiga na Kaset da Reel

An tattara na'urar a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da girmansu da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayani. Adadin daidaitacce shine guda 1000 a kowace reel 7-inch. Girman kaset yana tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitattun kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa na SMD.

6.2 Bayanin Label

Label ɗin reel ya ƙunshi daidaitaccen bayani don gano asali da haɗawa daidai: Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashe (P/N), Lambar Lot, Yawa, Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma (HUE), Matsayi (CAT), Tunani (REF), Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL-X), da Asalin Kera.

7. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Kariyar Da'ira

Mahimmanci:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na waje a cikin jerin tare da photodiode lokacin aiki a yanayin photoconductive (baya-baya). Idan ba tare da shi ba, ƙaramin canjin ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki, mai yuwuwa ya ƙone na'urar.

7.2 Biasing da Gyaran Siginar

Ana iya amfani da photodiode a cikin manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:

• Yanayin Photovoltaic (Zero Bias):Yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki (V_OC). Yana ba da ƙaramin amo amma amsa mai sauri.
• Yanayin Photoconductive (Reverse Bias):Ana aiki da shi tare da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (misali, 5V kamar yadda yake cikin ƙididdiga). Wannan yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (yana saurin amsa) kuma yana inganta layi amma yana ƙara ƙarfin lantarki na duhu. Ana amfani da amplifier na transimpedance (TIA) don canza ƙarfin lantarki na hoto (I_L) zuwa siginar ƙarfin lantarki mai amfani.

7.3 Ƙirar Hasken

Ruwan tabarau mai siffar lebur yana da takamaiman kusurwar kallo. Don mafi kyawun haɗin gwiwa, daidaita tushen IR a cikin wannan kusurwa. Gidan baƙar fata yana rage ra'ayoyin ciki da kuma crosstalk daga hasken muhalli.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Matsayi

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun photodiodes, PD42-21C/TR8 yana ba da ma'auni na sauri (6 ns), hankali (5 μA na yau da kullun a 1mW/cm²), da ƙaramin sawun ƙafa na SMD. Madaidaicin hankalinsa na 940nm ya sa ya zama daidaitacce ga yawancin fitilun IR masu arha. Ƙananan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa shine babban bambanci don aikace-aikacen mitar mita idan aka kwatanta da na'urori masu manyan wuraren aiki.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

9.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin I_SCda I_L?

I_SC(Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gajeriyar Da'ira) ana auna shi tare da ƙarfin lantarki sifili a kan diode. I_L(Ƙarfin Lantarki na Hasken Baya) ana auna shi a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da aka yi amfani da shi (misali, 5V). A cikin ingantaccen PIN photodiode, waɗannan ƙimar suna kama da juna, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin takardar bayani (duka Typ. 5.0 μA). I_Lshine mafi kyawun sigar don ƙirar da'ira a cikin aiki mai son zuciya.

9.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar resistor na jerin?

Resistor yana iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarƙashin mafi girman haske. Lissafa R ≥ (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki) / (Matsakaicin I_L). Daga ƙididdiga, Matsakaicin I_Lshine 12 μA. Don son zuciya na 5V, R ya kamata ya zama ≥ 5V / 12μA ≈ 417 kΩ. Ƙimar farawa ta gama gari ita ce 100 kΩ, wanda kuma ya saita bandwidth tare da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.

9.3 Shin ana iya amfani da wannan don gano hasken da ake iya gani?

Yankin bakan sa ya fara ne a 730 nm, wanda ke cikin infrared na kusa. Yana da ƙaramin hankali ga hasken da ake iya gani (tsawon zango ƙasa da 700 nm). Don hasken da ake iya gani, photodiode tare da madaidaicin hankali a cikin kewayon 550-650 nm zai fi dacewa.

10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Na'urar Gano Kusanci ta Infrared a cikin Mai Sarrafa Wasan.

1. Haɗin Kayan:PD42-21C/TR8 an haɗa shi da fitilar IR 940nm.
2. Ƙirar Da'ira:An sanya photodiode a baya-baya tare da 3.3V ta hanyar resistor 100 kΩ. Ana haɗa fitarwarsa zuwa shigarwar jujjuyawar op-amp wanda aka tsara azaman TIA tare da resistor na martani na 1 MΩ da ƙaramin capacitor na martani (misali, 1 pF) don daidaita amsa.
3. Aiki:Fitilar IR tana fitar da siginar bugun jini. Lokacin da wani abu (misali, hannun mai amfani) ya zo kusa, yana nuna hasken IR zuwa photodiode. TIA tana canza ƙarfin lantarki na hoto zuwa ƙarfin lantarki mai aunawa.
4. Fa'idodi:Saurin amsan photodiode yana ba da damar gano saurin motsin hannu cikin sauri. Ƙananan girman sa ya dace cikin sauƙi cikin ƙaramin gidan mai sarrafawa. Babban hankalin yana tabbatar da aiki mai dogaro ko da tare da raunannun siginonin da aka nuna.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

PIN photodiode ya ƙunshi faɗi, yanki na asali (I) mai ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta wanda aka lulluɓe tsakanin yankuna na semiconductor na P-type da N-type. Lokacin da aka sanya shi a baya-baya, yankin na asali ya zama cikakken ƙarancin ruwa, yana haifar da babban filin lantarki. Photons masu tasowa tare da makamashi mafi girma fiye da bandgap na semiconductor ana sha, suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramu. Ƙaƙƙarfan filin lantarki yana raba waɗannan masu ɗaukar kaya cikin sauri, yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki na hoto wanda yake daidai da ƙarfin haske. Faɗin yanki na asali yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (yana ba da damar babban sauri) kuma yana ƙara ƙarar sha na photon (inganta hankali), idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen photodiode na PN.

12. Trends na Masana'antu

Buƙatar ƙananan, masu gano hoto mai sauri na ci gaba da girma, wanda aka motsa ta aikace-aikacen kayan lantarki na masu amfani (wayoyin hannu, masu sawa), motoci (LiDAR, gano ciki), da kuma sarrafa masana'antu. Trends sun haɗa da ƙarin ƙanƙanta, haɗakar photodiodes tare da haɓakawa da da'irori na lambobi akan guntu guda ɗaya (misali, na'urori masu auna haske da aka haɗa), da ingantaccen aiki a cikin takamaiman rukunin tsawon zango don sabbin aikace-aikace kamar gane yanayi da gano 3D. Na'urori kamar PD42-21C/TR8 suna wakiltar cikakkiyar mafita, mai dogaro don aikace-aikacen masu hankali, masu yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen gano infrared.