Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi
- 2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa na Aiki
- 4.1 Rushewar Wutar Lantarki da Yanayin Yanayi
- 4.2 Hankalin Bakan Haske
- 4.3 Wutar Lantarki na Duhu da Yanayin Yanayi
- 4.4 Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya da Irradiance (Ee)
- 4.5 Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Tasha da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya
- 4.6 Lokacin Amsa da Resistance na Load
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
- 5.1 Girman Kunshin
- 5.2 Gano Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Taro
- 7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin
- 7.2 Ƙayyadaddun Alamar
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 8. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa ga Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Wutar Lantarki na Gajeriyar Kewayawa (ISC) da Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (IL)?
- 10.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi BIN daidai?
- 10.3 Zan iya aiki da wannan photodiode a ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin 5V da 32V?
- 10.4 Shin ana buƙatar amplifier na waje?
- 11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki
- 12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha da Ci gaba
- . Disclaimer and Usage Notes
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayanin Samfur
PD638B wani nau'in photodiode ne na Silicon PIN mai saurin gudu, mai hankali sosai, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin ƙaramin kunshin filastik mai gefe mai lebur wanda yake auna 2.75mm da 5.25mm. An ƙera wannan kayan aiki musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gano haske cikin sauri. Kunshin sa na epoxy an tsara shi don yin aiki azaman tace infrared (IR) da aka haɗa, tare da daidaita halayensa na bakan haske da na'urorin fitar da IR na gama-gari, yana haɓaka rabo na sigina zuwa amo a cikin tsarin gano IR. Na'urar tana bin ka'idojin RoHS da EU REACH kuma an gina ta ta amfani da kayan da ba su da gubar.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi
Babban fa'idodin PD638B sun haɗa da saurin amsarsa na musamman, babban hankalin hoto, da ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke da babban bandwidth. Ƙaramin siffarsa ya sa ya dace da ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Kunshin tace IR da aka haɗa yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar haske ta hanyar rage buƙatar tacewa na waje. An yi niyya ga wannan photodiode zuwa kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen da suka haɗa da gano haske mai sauri, tsarin yin hoto, da sauyawar haske na lantarki, kamar a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sarrafa masana'antu, da na'urorin sadarwa.
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassara, mai ma'ana na mahimman sigogi na fasaha da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardun bayanai, yana bayyana mahimmancinsu ga injiniyoyin ƙira.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (VR):32 V. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa da za a iya amfani da shi a kan tashoshin photodiode. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da haɗarin rushewar avalanche da gazawar na'urar.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):150 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ikon da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi, wanda aka ƙaddara da farko ta hanyar samfurin ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa da kuma duhun wutar lantarki ko wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki.
- Yanayin Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafin da aka ƙayyade na'urar don yin aiki daidai.
- Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiya ba tare da aiki ba ba tare da lalacewa ba.
- Yanayin Zafin Solder (Tsol):260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga haɗin PCB ta amfani da hanyoyin sake karkatarwa ko solder na hannu don hana lalacewar kunshin.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
Waɗannan sigogi, waɗanda aka auna a Ta=25°C, suna ayyana ainihin aikin photodiode a matsayin mai gano haske.
- Faɗin Bakan Haske (λ0.5):840 nm zuwa 1100 nm. Wannan kewayon yana nuna tsayin raƙuman ruwa waɗanda amsawar photodiode ta kasance aƙalla rabin ƙimar kololuwarta. Yana tabbatar da cewa an inganta na'urar don bakan infrared na kusa.
- Tsawon Raƙuman Hankali Mafi Girma (λp):940 nm (Na al'ada). Photodiode yana da mafi hankali ga haske a wannan tsayin raƙuman infrared, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan abin haɗawa tare da fitilun IR na 940nm.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Budaddiyar Kewayawa (VOC):0.35 V (Na al'ada) a Ee=5 mW/cm², λp=940nm. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki da photodiode ke samarwa a yanayin hasken wutar lantarki (ba tare da nuna bambanci ba) a ƙarƙashin hasken da aka ƙayyade.
- Wutar Lantarki na Gajeriyar Kewayawa (ISC):18 µA (Na al'ada) a Ee=1 mW/cm², λp=940nm. Wannan shine wutar lantarki da aka samar lokacin da tashoshin diode suka gajarta (ba tare da wutar lantarki a cikinta ba).
- Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (IL):18 µA (Na al'ada, Mafi ƙarancin 10.2 µA) a Ee=1 mW/cm², λp=940nm, VR=5V. Wannan sigogi ne mai mahimmanci don aikin yanayin photoconductive (aikace-aikacen juyawa mai juyawa). Yana ayyana wutar lantarki na sigina don ƙayyadadden ƙarfin haske.
- Wutar Lantarki na Duhu (Id):5 nA (Na al'ada, Matsakaicin 30 nA) a VR=10V. Wannan shine ƙaramin wutar lantarki mai juyawa da ke gudana lokacin da na'urar ke cikin duhu gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan wutar lantarki na duhu yana da kyau don gano raunin sigina na haske.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (BVR):170 V (Na al'ada, Mafi ƙarancin 32 V) wanda aka auna a IR=100µA. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki inda wutar lantarki mai juyawa ke ƙaruwa da sauri. Ya kamata ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa na aiki ya kasance ƙasa da wannan ƙimar.
- Jimlar Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (Ct):25 pF (Na al'ada) a VR=3V, f=1 MHz. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin abu ne da ke iyakance bandwidth. Ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfi yana ba da damar saurin amsa cikin sauri.
- Lokacin Tashi/Faɗuwa (tr/tf):50 ns / 50 ns (Na al'ada) a VR=10V, RL=1 kΩ. Wannan yana ƙayyade saurin fitar da wutar lantarki don amsa canjin mataki a cikin ƙarfin haske. Ƙimar 50 ns tana nuna dacewa ga aikace-aikacen gano matsakaici zuwa babban sauri.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
PD638B yana samuwa a cikin kwandon ayyuka daban-daban, musamman bisa ga sigar Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (IL) wanda aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi (Ee=1 mW/cm², λp=940nm, VR=5V). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urar tare da garantin kewayon wutar lantarki don daidaitaccen aikin tsarin.
- BIN1:IL = 10.2 µA (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 16.5 µA (Mafi girma)
- BIN2:IL = 13.5 µA (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 22.0 µA (Mafi girma)
- BIN3:IL = 18.0 µA (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 27.5 µA (Mafi girma)
- BIN4:IL = 22.5 µA (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 33.0 µA (Mafi girma)
Takardun bayanai kuma ya lura da daidaitattun iyakoki don sigogi masu alaƙa: Ƙarfin Haskakawa (±10%), Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye (±1nm), da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (±0.1V), ko da yake waɗannan sun fi dacewa da masu fitarwa kuma ana iya jera su don tunani a cikin samfuran da suka danganci.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa na Aiki
Lanƙwasan halaye na al'ada suna ba da hangen nesa na gani game da yadda mahimman sigogi ke bambanta da yanayin aiki.
4.1 Rushewar Wutar Lantarki da Yanayin Yanayi
Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin ikon watsawar da aka yarda yayin da yanayin zafin jiki ya tashi sama da 25°C. Don tabbatar da amincin, dole ne a rage wutar lantarki da aka watsa a layi daya bisa ga wannan jadawalin lokacin aiki a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
4.2 Hankalin Bakan Haske
Wannan makircin yana kwatanta daidaitaccen amsawar photodiode a cikin bakan tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Yana tabbatar da gani kololuwar a 940 nm da ƙayyadadden bandwidth na bakan daga 840 nm zuwa 1100 nm, yana nuna tasirin tace IR da aka haɗa wajen rage hasken da ake iya gani.
4.3 Wutar Lantarki na Duhu da Yanayin Yanayi
Wutar lantarki na duhu tana da dogaro sosai da zafin jiki, yawanci tana ninka kowane 10°C hawan zafin jiki. Wannan lanƙwasa yana ba masu ƙira damar kimanta ƙasan amo (wutar lantarki na duhu) a takamaiman yanayin zafin aikin su, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen haske kaɗan ko babban riba.
4.4 Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya da Irradiance (Ee)
Wannan jadawalin yana nuna alaƙar layi tsakanin wutar lantarki da aka samar (IL) da hasken da ya faru. Layin layi wani muhimmin siffa ne na PIN photodiodes, yana mai da su dacewa da aikace-aikacen auna haske.
4.5 Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Tasha da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya
Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana raguwa tare da ƙara ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa. Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa (a cikin iyakoki) zai iya rage Ct, ta haka yana iya inganta saurin amsa na kewayawa.
4.6 Lokacin Amsa da Resistance na Load
Lokacin tashi/faɗuwa yana shafar lokacin RC da aka kafa ta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar photodiode da juriyar kaya na waje (RL). Wannan lanƙwasa yana jagorantar zaɓin RL don cimma bandwidth da ake so, yana nuna cewa ƙananan ƙimar RL suna haifar da saurin amsa amma ƙananan motsin ƙarfin fitarwa.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
5.1 Girman Kunshin
PD638B yana zuwa a cikin kunshin filastik mai gefe mai lebur. Manyan girmansu daga zanen shine girman jiki na 2.75mm (faɗi) x 5.25mm (tsayi). An kuma ayyana tazarar jagora da tsayin gabaɗaya. Duk ƙididdiga da ba a ƙayyade ba suna ±0.25mm sai dai idan an lura da su akan zanen da aka auna. Kunshin yana da tabarau baƙar fata wanda ke aiki azaman tace IR da aka haɗa.
5.2 Gano Polarity
Dole ne a gano tashoshin cathode (K) da anode (A) daidai don haɗin kewaya daidai. Zanen kunshin na takardun bayanai yana nuna pinout. Yawanci, ana haɗa cathode zuwa mafi ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin aikin juyawa mai juyawa (photoconductive).
6. Jagororin Solder da Taro
Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar solder shine 260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba. Wannan ya dace da daidaitattun bayanan sake karkatarwa marasa gubar (IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). Yana da mahimmanci a bi wannan iyaka don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin epoxy, haɗin guntun ciki, ko haɗin waya. Don solder na hannu, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki tare da ƙaramin lokacin tuntuɓar. Ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD (Fitar da Wutar Lantarki) yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa, saboda photodiodes na'urori ne masu hankali na semiconductor.
7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin
Daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin shine:
1. Guda 500 a kowace jakar anti-static.
2. Jakuna 6 a kowace akwatin ciki.
3. Akwatuna na ciki 10 a kowace akwatin babba (waje).
Wannan yana haifar da jimillar guda 30,000 a kowace akwatin babba.
7.2 Ƙayyadaddun Alamar
Alamar da ke kan kunshin ta ƙunshi fage da yawa don bin diddigin ganowa:
CPN:Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki.
P/N:Lambar Samfurin Masana'anta (misali, PD638B).
QTY:Adadin da aka kunna.
CAT:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Haskakawa (Lambar BIN).
HUE:Matsayi na Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye.
REF:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba.
LOT No:Lambar Rukunin Masana'antu don bin diddigin.
X:Lambar wata.
Lambar tunani tana gano alamar kanta.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- Mai Gano Hoton Sauri:A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na haske, na'urorin sikanin barcode, ko tsarin gano bugun jini inda ake amfani da lokacin amsa na 50 ns.
- Kyamara:Mai yiwuwa don amfani a cikin gano tace IR, na'urori na ma'aunin haske, ko kusancin kusanci a cikin na'urorin kyamara.
- Sauya Hasken Lantarki:A cikin gano abu, gano matsayi, ko na'urori masu katsewa inda aka katse katangar IR.
- VCRs, Kyamarar Bidiyo:Don gano ƙarshen tef, tsarin taimakon mai da hankali kai tsaye, ko kewayawar karɓar na'urar sarrafa nesa (ko da yake na'urori na karɓar IR na musamman sun fi yawa ga RC).
8. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira
- Zaɓin Bambance-bambance:Yanke shawara tsakanin yanayin hasken wutar lantarki (ba tare da bambanci ba, ƙananan amo) da yanayin photoconductive (bambance-bambancen juyawa, saurin sauri, layi) bisa ga buƙatun aikace-aikace don sauri, amo, da layin fitarwa.
- Kewayawar Bambance-bambance:Don yanayin photoconductive, tabbatar da samar da juyawa mai juyawa mai ƙarfi. Resista mai sauƙi daga tushen wutar lantarki ya zama gama gari, amma mai ƙarfin ƙarfi na tushen op-amp (TIA) shine ma'auni don canza wutar lantarki zuwa ƙarfin lantarki tare da babban riba da bandwidth.
- Bandwidth da Hankali:Akwai ciniki. Yin amfani da mafi girma resistor na kaya (RL) a cikin kewayawa mai sauƙi yana ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa amma yana rage bandwidth saboda mafi girman RC akai. Tsarin TIA yana ba da ingantaccen sarrafa wannan ciniki.
- Daidaituwar Hasken Gani:Tabbatar da daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya tsakanin tushen IR (misali, LED na 940nm) da yankin aiki na photodiode, la'akari da yanayin kunshin gefensa.
- Ƙin Hasken Yanayi:Yayin da tace IR da aka gina yana taimakawa, ƙarin garkuwar haske ko dabarun daidaitawa/daidaitawa na iya zama dole a cikin yanayi tare da ƙarfin hasken IR na yanayi (misali, hasken rana).
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun photodiodes na PN, tsarin PIN na PD638B yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban:
Yanki Mai Faɗi Mai Faɗi:Yankin asali (I) yana haifar da mafi girman faɗin raguwa a ƙarƙashin bambance-bambancen juyawa. Wannan yana haifar da:
1. Ƙaramin Ƙarfin Haɗin gwiwa:Yana ba da damar saurin amsa cikin sauri (50 ns idan aka kwatanta da yawanci microseconds ga wasu diodes na PN).
2. Mafi Girman Ingantaccen Ƙididdiga:Yankin mafi faɗi yana ba da damar ƙarin photons su sha a cikin yankin raguwa, yana samar da ƙarin masu ɗaukar hoto kowace photon kuma yana haifar da mafi girman hankalin hoto.
3. Ingantaccen Layi:Filayen wutar lantarki ya fi daidaitawa a ko'ina cikin yankin I, yana haifar da mafi kyawun layi tsakanin ƙarfin haske da wutar lantarki a cikin babban kewayon.
Tace IR da aka haɗa wani muhimmin abu ne na bambance-bambance, yana rage adadin abubuwan da aka haɗa kuma yana sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwar gani idan aka kwatanta da amfani da photodiode da tacewa daban.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa ga Sigogi na Fasaha)
10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Wutar Lantarki na Gajeriyar Kewayawa (ISC) da Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (IL)?
ISCAna aunawa tare da sifili volts a kan diode (gajeriyar kewayawa).ILAna aunawa tare da ƙayyadadden bambance-bambancen juyawa da aka yi amfani da shi (misali, 5V). A cikin photodiode mai kyau, za su kasance daidai, amma a aikace, IL na iya zama ɗan kaɗan mafi girma saboda filin wutar lantarki yana share masu ɗaukar hoto cikin inganci. Takardun bayanai sun lissafa duka; IL ya fi dacewa ga yanayin aikin juyawa mai juyawa na al'ada.
10.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi BIN daidai?
Zaɓi BIN bisa ga mafi ƙarancin wutar lantarki na sigina da ake buƙata don kewayawar ku yin aiki cikin aminci. Idan ribar tsarin ku ta ƙayyade, zaɓi BIN wanda ke ba da garantin wutar lantarki da kuke buƙata a matakin hasken da ake tsammani. BIN3 (18-27.5 µA) yana ba da ƙimar al'ada. Don daidaiton tsarin-zuwa-tsarin mafi ƙarfi, ƙayyade BIN guda ɗaya.
10.3 Zan iya aiki da wannan photodiode a ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin 5V da 32V?
Ee, zaku iya aiki da shi a kowane ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa har zuwa Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici na 32V. Yin aiki a mafi girman bambance-bambancen juyawa (misali, 10V ko 20V) gabaɗaya zai rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (inganta sauri) kuma yana iya ƙara wutar lantarki kaɗan, amma kuma zai ƙara wutar lantarki na duhu. Teburin halayen lantarki da haske yana ba da takamaiman bayanai a VR=5V da VR=10V don tunani.
10.4 Shin ana buƙatar amplifier na waje?
Ga yawancin aikace-aikace, i. Fitar da wutar lantarki yana cikin kewayon microamp. Mai ƙarfin ƙarfi na transimpedance (TIA) shine daidaitaccen kewayawa don canza wannan ƙaramin wutar lantarki zuwa sigina mai amfani da ƙarfin lantarki tare da riba da bandwidth mai sarrafawa. Ana iya amfani da resistor mai sauƙi na kaya don aikace-aikacen sauyawa masu sauƙi, masu ƙarancin sauri.
11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki
Yanayi: Ƙirar Sauya Mai Katse Hasken Sauri.
Manufa:Gano kasancewar wani abu da ke katse katangar IR tare da lokacin amsa da ya fi 100 µs sauri.
Matakan Ƙira:
1. Haɗawa:Yi amfani da LED IR na 940nm azaman tushen haske, ana tuka shi da bugun wutar lantarki don adana wutar lantarki da ƙin hasken yanayi.
2. Bambance-bambance:Aiki da PD638B a cikin yanayin photoconductive. Aiwatar da bambance-bambancen juyawa na 5V zuwa 10V ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki daga layin samarwa.
3. Yanayin Sigina:Haɗa anode photodiode zuwa shigarwar jujjuyawar op-amp da aka tsara azaman TIA. An haɗa cathode zuwa samar da bambance-bambance. Resistor na feedback (Rf) na TIA yana saita riba (Vout = I_photo * Rf). Ana amfani da capacitor na feedback (Cf) a layi daya tare da Rf don sarrafa bandwidth da kwanciyar hankali.
4. Zaɓin Abun ciki:Zaɓi op-amp tare da isasshen samfurin bandwidth na riba, ƙananan wutar lantarki na shigarwa, da ƙananan amo. Zaɓi Rf don samun daidaitaccen motsi na fitarwa lokacin da katangar ba ta karye ba. Lissafa Cf bisa ga ƙarfin ƙarfin photodiode (Ct ~25pF) da bandwidth da ake so: f_3dB ≈ 1/(2π * Rf * Ct) don iyakar RC na asali, amma lissafin kwanciyar hankali na op-amp yana da mahimmanci.
5. Sarrafa Fitarwa:Fitarwar TIA ƙarfin lantarki ne wanda ke faɗuwa lokacin da aka katse katangar. Ana iya ciyar da wannan siginar zuwa cikin kwatanta tare da hysteresis don ƙirƙirar siginar dijital mai tsabta.
12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki
PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ce tare da tsarin P-type, Asali (ba a yi amfani da shi ba), da yadudduka na N-type. A cikin yanayin aikin photoconductive, ana amfani da ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa. Wannan yana faɗaɗa yankin raguwa, wanda ya ƙunshi yankin asali. Lokacin da photons tare da makamashi mafi girma fiye da bandgap na semiconductor (misali, hasken infrared don silicon) suka bugi yankin raguwa, suna tada electrons daga band ɗin valence zuwa band ɗin jagora, suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramu. Babban filin wutar lantarki da ke cikin yankin raguwa saboda bambance-bambancen juyawa yana raba waɗannan masu ɗaukar hoto da sauri kuma yana share su zuwa tashoshi masu dacewa—electrons zuwa gefen N da ramuka zuwa gefen P. Wannan motsi na caji ya zama wutar lantarki wanda ke gudana a cikin kewayawar waje, daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru. Muhimmin rawar yankin asali shine samar da babban yanki, ƙaramin filin don sha photon da samar da mai ɗaukar hoto, yana haifar da babban inganci da sauri yayin ajiye ƙarfin ƙarfi ƙasa.
13. Trends na Fasaha da Ci gaba
Fannin gano hoto yana ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends na gabaɗaya masu alaƙa da abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar PD638B sun haɗa da:
Ƙara Haɗin kai:Matsowa zuwa photodiodes da aka haɗa tare da haɓakawa da kewayawar sigina akan guntu ɗaya (misali, haɗin guntun photodiode-amplifier).
Ingantaccen Aiki:Ci gaba da ci gaba yana nufin ko da ƙananan wutar lantarki na duhu, mafi sauri (amsa na ƙ
Advanced Packaging:Development of wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP) for even smaller footprints and better high-frequency performance, as well as packages with integrated lenses for improved light collection.
New Materials:Exploration of materials like InGaAs for extended infrared range detection beyond silicon's limit (~1100 nm). However, silicon PIN photodiodes like the PD638B remain the dominant, cost-effective solution for the near-IR spectrum due to silicon's mature fabrication technology and excellent performance-to-cost ratio.
. Disclaimer and Usage Notes
Critical disclaimers and usage notes are provided, which must be adhered to:
. The manufacturer reserves the right to adjust product material specifications.
. Products meet published specifications for 12 months from the shipment date.
. Graphs and typical values are for reference only and do not represent guaranteed minimum or maximum limits.
. The user is responsible for operating the device within the Absolute Maximum Ratings. The manufacturer assumes no liability for damage resulting from operation outside these ratings or misuse.
. The datasheet content is copyrighted; reproduction requires prior consent.
. This product isnotintended for use in safety-critical, military, aerospace, automotive, medical, life-support, or life-saving applications. For such applications, contact the manufacturer for qualified components.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |