PD15-21B/TR8 Silicon PIN Photodiode Datasheet - Nau'in 1206 (1.6x0.8x0.55mm) - Kewayon Haske 730-1100nm - Kololuwa 940nm - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

PD15-21B/TR8 babban Silicon PIN photodiode ne mai inganci wanda aka sanya a cikin ƙaramin kayan aikin da ake hawa a saman (SMD). An ƙera wannan kayan aikin musamman don aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa a cikin kewayon hasken infrared, yana ba da madaidaicin mafita mai aminci don ƙirar lantarki na zamani da ke buƙatar gano haske.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayin Samfur

An ƙera wannan na'urar don samar da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci don gano abubuwa daidai. Tana dasaurin amsawa, wanda ke ba ta damar gano saurin canjin ƙarfin haske, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace kamar ƙidaya, rarrabawa, da gano matsayi.Ƙarfin hankali ga haskeyana tabbatar da gano siginar da ya dace ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske kaɗan. Bugu da ƙari,ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwayana taimakawa wajen ingantaccen aikin sauri. Ana samar da samfurin a cikin madaidaicin tef ɗin 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, yana sauƙaƙe tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik. Ya cika ka'idojin muhalli, ba shi da gubar, ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, kuma ba shi da halogen (tare da Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, kuma jimlar su <1500 ppm).

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace

Manyan kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da sarrafa kayan masana'antu, kayan lantarki na masu amfani, da tsarin aminci. Ƙaramin girmansa da tsarin SMD sun sa ya zama mai dacewa ga aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Misalan amfani sun haɗa da:

• Ƙananan Maɓallan Haske:Ana amfani da su wajen gano abu, gano takarda a cikin firinta, da na'urori masu gano ramuka.
• Na'urorin Ƙidaya da Rarrabawa:Ana amfani da su a cikin layukan haɗawa don ƙidaya sassa da rarrabawa bisa gano kasancewa/rashin kasancewa.
• Na'urori masu Gano Matsayi:Ana amfani da su don gano gefuna, sauye-sauyen iyaka, da tsarin na'urori masu juyawa.
• Tsarin Aikace-aikacen Infrared:Wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin da ke amfani da fitilun infrared don watsa bayanai, gano kusanci, da gano hasken muhalli.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakken sigogin na'urar yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira daidai da haɗa tsarin.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki da na'urar akai-akai a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (V_R):32 V. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin jujjuyawar baya a kan tashoshin photodiode.
• Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr):-25°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafi don aiki mai aminci.
• Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafi don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
• Yanayin Zafi na Solder (T_sol):260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5. Wannan yana bayyana matsakaicin yanayin zafi na sake kwarara.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):150 mW a ko ƙasa da yanayin iska kyauta na 25°C. Wannan yana iyakance jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya sarrafa lafiya.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Waɗannan sigogi, waɗanda aka auna a daidaitaccen zafin jiki na 25°C, suna bayyana ainihin aikin gano na photodiode.

• Faɗin Kewayon Haske (λ_0.5):730 nm zuwa 1100 nm. Wannan shine kewayon tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda amsawar photodiode ta kasance aƙalla rabin ƙimar kololuwarta. Yana nuna hankali ga hasken infrared na kusa.
• Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Kololuwar Hankali (λ_P):940 nm (na al'ada). Na'urar ta dace da fitilun infrared (IREDs) na gama-gari waɗanda ke aiki a wannan tsawon raƙuman ruwa, yana haɓaka ingancin tsarin.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gajeren Kewayawa (I_SC):0.8 μA (na al'ada) a ƙarƙashin hasken haske (E_e) na 1 mW/cm² a 940 nm. Wannan shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka samar lokacin da photodiode ke aiki a yanayin hasken wutar lantarki (rashin nuna bambanci).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske Mai Juya Baya (I_L):0.2 μA (m) zuwa 0.8 μA (na al'ada) a ƙarƙashin hasken haske na 1 mW/cm² a 940 nm tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa (V_R) na 5V. Wannan sigogi yana da alaƙa da yanayin aikin mai ɗaukar hoto, inda ake amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na waje don inganta sauri da daidaito.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Duhu (I_D):10 nA (matsakaici) tare da V_R=10V a cikin duhu gaba ɗaya (E_e=0). Wannan shine ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yayyafawa wanda ke gudana ko da babu haske. Ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na duhu yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen rabo na siginar zuwa amo, musamman a aikace-aikacen haske kaɗan.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Rushewar Juya Baya (BV_R):32 V (m), 170 V (na al'ada) wanda aka auna a ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa na 100 μA. Wannan yana nuna babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na rushewa, yana ba da babban gefen aiki a ƙasa da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga na 32V.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardun bayanin yana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna yadda manyan sigogi suke bambanta da yanayin aiki.

3.1 Rage Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki

Hoto na 1: Rushewar Wutar Lantarki vs. Yanayin Zafi na Muhalliyana nuna yadda matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru sama da 25°C. Dole ne masu ƙira su rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki don hana matsanancin zafi.

3.2 Amsawar Kewayon Haske

Hoto na 2: Hankalin Kewayon Haskeyana nuna alaƙar amsawar photodiode a cikin kewayon haske, yana tabbatar da kololuwarta a 940 nm da ƙayyadadden faɗin bandwidth na 730-1100 nm.

3.3 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Hoto na 3: Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Duhu vs. Yanayin Zafi na Muhalliyana nuna cewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na duhu yana ninka kusan kowane 10°C hawan zafin jiki. Wannan shine ainihin halayyar semiconductor kuma dole ne a yi la'akari da shi a cikin aikace-aikacen zafi mai girma ko daidaito.Hoto na 4: Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske Mai Juya Baya vs. Haske (E_e)yana nuna alaƙar layi tsakanin ƙarfin hasken da ya faru da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka samar, wata mahimmin halayyar PIN photodiodes.

3.4 Amsawar Kusurwa

Hoto na 5: Ƙarfin Haske Mai Alaƙa vs. Matsawar Kusurwayana nuna hankali na shugabanci na na'urar. Kunshin epoxy baƙar fata tare da ruwan tabarau mai siffar yana ba da takamaiman kusurwar kallo, wanda ke tasiri yadda photodiode ya kamata a daidaita shi da tushen haske a cikin ƙirar tsarin.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Girman Kunshi

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen ƙafar SMD na 1206 (3216 metric): kusan 1.6mm tsawon, 0.8mm faɗi, da 0.55mm tsayi (banda kumfa na ruwan tabarau). An ba da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma tare da ƙimar ±0.1mm don ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa ta PCB. An ba da shawarar shimfidar kushin a matsayin tunani, amma ana ba da shawara ga masu ƙira su gyara shi bisa takamaiman tsarin samar da PCB da buƙatun zafi.

4.2 Gano Polarity

An ƙera photodiode a cikin epoxy baƙi. Tashar cathode yawanci ana yiwa alama ko gano shi a cikin zanen jigon kunshin. Haɗin polarity daidai yana da mahimmanci don aiki daidai a cikin yanayin juyawa (mai ɗaukar hoto).

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Kula daidai yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye amincin na'urar da aiki.

5.1 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi

Na'urar tana da hankali ga danshi. Kada a buɗe jakar shinge na danshi har sai an shirya don amfani. Bayan buɗewa, "rayuwar bene" shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) lokacin da aka adana a 10-30°C da ≤60% RH. Dole ne a sake sanya na'urorin da ba a yi amfani da su ba tare da desiccant. Idan rayuwar bene ta wuce ko desiccant ya nuna ɗaukar danshi, ana buƙatar gasa a 60°C ±5°C da <5% RH na sa'o'i 96 kafin amfani.

5.2 Solder na Sake Kwarara

Ana ba da shawarar yanayin zafin solder mara gubar, tare da kololuwar zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5. Kada a yi solder na sake kwarara fiye da sau biyu. Dole ne a guji matsin lamba akan jikin ɓangaren yayin dumama da karkatar da PCB bayan solder.

5.3 Solder da Hannu da Gyara

Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe tare da zafin ƙarshe a ƙasa da 350°C da ƙarfin 25W ko ƙasa da haka. Lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da dakika 3, tare da tazara fiye da dakika 2 tsakanin solder kowane tasha. Ana ƙin gyara sosai. Idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder mai kai biyu na musamman don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, kuma dole ne a tabbatar da tasirin akan halayen na'urar a baya.

6. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

6.1 Sigogin Tef da Reel

Ana samar da samfurin a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗi 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 2000. An ba da cikakkun bayanai na tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya da girman reel don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.

6.2 Ƙayyadaddun Alamar

Alamar reel ta haɗa da bayanan daidaitattun kamar Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashen Masana'anta (P/N), Lambar Lot, Yawa, Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Kololuwa (HUE), Matsayi (CAT), Tunani (REF), Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL-X), da Ƙasar Masana'anta.

7. La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Kariyar Da'ira

Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Takardun bayanin ya faɗi a sarari cewa resistor mai iyakancewa na wajedolea yi amfani da shi a jere tare da photodiode. Ba tare da wannan resistor ba, ɗan canjin ƙarfin wutar lantarki zai iya haifar da babban canjin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙonewar na'urar nan da nan. Dole ne a ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ƙarfin wutar lantarki da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake tsammani.

7.2 Hanyoyin Nuna Bambanci

Ana iya amfani da photodiode a cikin manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:

1. Yanayin Hasken Wutar Lantarki (Rashin Nuna Bambanci):Photodiode yana samar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki/ƙarfin wutar lantarki lokacin da aka haskaka shi, ba tare da amfani da nuna bambanci na waje ba. Wannan yanayin yana ba da ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na duhu da amo amma yana da saurin amsawa.
2. Yanayin Mai ɗaukar Hoto (Juya Bambanci):Ana amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa na waje (misali, 5V kamar yadda yake cikin yanayin gwaji). Wannan yana faɗaɗa yankin raguwa, yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa don haka yana ƙara sauri da bandwidth. Hakanan yana inganta daidaito amma yana ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki na duhu.

Zaɓin ya dogara da buƙatun aikace-aikacen don sauri da aikin amo.

7.3 Haɗuwa tare da Masu Ƙarfafawa

Don haɓaka ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki (kewayon μA), ana amfani da da'irar mai ƙarfafawa ta transimpedance (TIA) akai-akai. Wannan da'irar tana canza ƙarfin wutar lantarki na photodiode zuwa madaidaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fitarwa. Manyan la'akari na ƙira don TIA sun haɗa da zaɓar na'urar ƙarfafawa tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na shigarwa da ƙananan amo, da ƙididdige resistor da capacitor na amsawa don riba da bandwidth da ake so yayin kiyaye kwanciyar hankali.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da phototransistors, wannan Silicon PIN photodiode yana ba da mafi girman sauri da daidaito saboda yankinsa na asali, wanda ke rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. Amsarsa ta dogara ne kawai akan hasken da ya faru, ba kamar phototransistor wanda ke da ribar ƙarfin wutar lantarki kuma zai iya zama a hankali kuma ba shi da daidaito. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran photodiodes, kunshinsa na 1206 yana ba da daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin ƙananan ƙira da sauƙin sarrafawa/haɗawa, yayin da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na rushewa da takamaiman dacewar kewayon haske zuwa IREDs na 940nm sune fa'idodi na musamman don aikace-aikacen gano infrared da aka yi niyya.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

9.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin I_SCda I_L?

I_SC(Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gajeren Kewayawa) ana auna shi tare da sifili volts a kan diode (yanayin hasken wutar lantarki). I_L(Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske Mai Juya Baya) ana auna shi tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa da aka yi amfani da shi (yanayin mai ɗaukar hoto). I_Lyawanci yana kusa da I_SCdon PIN photodiodes.

9.2 Me ya sa resistor na jere ya zama dole?

Photodiode, lokacin da aka haskaka shi, yana aiki da gaske azaman tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Idan an haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba tare da resistor na jere ba, babu wata hanya don iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki, wanda ke haifar da wuce gona da iri na wutar lantarki da gazawar nan take.

9.3 Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa na aiki?

Don yanayin mai ɗaukar hoto, ana iya amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa tsakanin 5V da ƙimar da ke ƙarƙashin lafiya a ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙididdiga na 32V. Mafi girman juyawar bambanci yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (yana ƙara sauri) amma kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki na duhu kaɗan. Matsakaicin wurin aiki na gama-gari shine 5V ko 12V.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira da Amfani

Shari'a: Ƙidaya Abubuwa akan Bel ɗin Jigilar Kaya

An sanya LED infrared (940nm) a gefe ɗaya na mai jigilar kaya, kuma an sanya photodiode na PD15-21B/TR8 kai tsaye a gaba. Abubuwan da ke wucewa tsakanin su suna katse katakon infrared. Ana aiki da photodiode a cikin yanayin mai ɗaukar hoto tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa na 5V da aka samar ta hanyar resistor na jere na 10kΩ don kariya. Ana sa ido kan faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan resistor mai ɗaukar kaya (ko fitarwa na mai ƙarfafawa na transimpedance da aka haɗa zuwa photodiode) ta microcontroller. Faɗuwar gaggawar wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana nuna kasancewar abu, yana haifar da ƙidaya. Saurin amsawar photodiode yana ba da damar ƙidaya daidai na abubuwan da ke motsawa cikin sauri. Ƙaramin kunshin 1206 yana sauƙaƙe haɗawa cikin ƙananan kan sensor.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ne tare da faɗi, yanki na asali (I) mai ɗanɗano wanda aka lulluɓe tsakanin yankuna na nau'in P da nau'in N. Lokacin da photons masu ƙarfi fiye da bandgap na semiconductor suka bugi na'urar, suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramuwa a cikin yankin na asali. Ƙarƙashin tasirin filin lantarki na gida (ko ƙarfin wutar lantarki na waje da aka yi amfani da shi), waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna watse, suna haifar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru. Yankin na asali yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, yana ba da damar saurin amsawa idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun PN photodiodes.

12. Trends na Masana'antu

Trend a cikin optoelectronics yana ci gaba zuwa ƙarin ƙananan ƙira, haɗin kai mafi girma, da ingantaccen aiki. Akwai ƙaruwar buƙatar na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani (wayoyin hannu, abubuwan sawa), motoci (LiDAR, saka idanu direba), da IoT na masana'antu. Photodiodes kamar PD15-21B/TR8, waɗanda ke ba da ma'auni na aiki, girman, da farashi, suna da matsayi mai kyau ga waɗannan kasuwanni. Ci gaba na gaba na iya haɗawa da haɗaɗɗun photodiodes tare da haɓakawa akan guntu da hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital, da kuma na'urori masu hankali ga takamaiman tsawon raƙuman ruwa don aikace-aikacen binciken kewayon haske.

Bayani: Bayanin da aka bayar a cikin wannan takarda don tunani ne na fasaha. Masu ƙira yakamata su tabbatar da duk sigogi kuma su tabbatar cewa aikace-aikacensu yana aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga. Aiki na iya bambanta da yanayin aiki.