Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa (Binning)
- 3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani
- 3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye
- 3.3 Rarrabawar Ma'auni na Launi (LED Fari)
- 4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Rarraba Bakan Hasken
- 4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
- 4.3 Tsawon Zango vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba
- 4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba
- 4.5 Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba da aka yarda vs. Zazzabi
- 5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙirƙira
- 6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 6.2 Gudanar da Zazzabi
- 6.3 Ƙirar Hasken Gani
- 7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 9. Misalin Ƙirƙira da Amfani na Aiki
- 10. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki
- 11. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da sigogi na ƙaramin LED mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, mai hawa a saman allon (SMD), a cikin siffar 5050. Na'urar ta haɗa guntu guda huɗu na semiconductor a cikin fakitin resin fari guda ɗaya: Ja (R), Kore (G), Shuɗi (B), da Fari (W). Wannan tsarin guntu da yawa yana ba da damar samar da nau'ikan launuka masu yawa, gami da hasken fari mai tsabta daga guntun fari na musamman da launuka gauraye daga haɗin RGB. An ƙera fakitin tare da firam ɗin gubar mai fil 8, yana ba da damar shiga lantarki ga kowane guntu don sarrafa su daban.
Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ingantaccen haske, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da kuma faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120. Ƙaramin siffar SMD ɗinsa ya sa ya dace da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik kamar solder na IR reflow. Samfurin ya yi daidai da mahimman ka'idojin muhalli da aminci, gami da RoHS, EU REACH, da buƙatun marasa halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).
Aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya sun bambanta, suna amfani da ikon haɗa launuka da kaddarorin haske na gabaɗaya. Amfanin farko sun haɗa da hasken ado da nishaɗi na gabaɗaya, alamomin yanayi, hasken baya ko haske don maɓallai da alluna, da sauran aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar ƙananan hanyoyin haske masu launuka da yawa.
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma
Duk ƙididdiga an ƙayyade su a zazzabin wurin solder (TSolder) na 25°C. Wuce waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):Matsakaicin 5V ga duk guntu (R, G, B, W). Yin amfani da ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba na Ci gaba (IF):Guntun Ja da Fari an ƙididdige su don 200mA. Guntun Kore da Shuɗi an ƙididdige su don 180mA. Waɗannan su ne iyakokin halin yanzu na DC.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):Don aikin bugun jini tare da aikin aiki na 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 10ms. Ja/Fari: 400mA. Kore/Shuɗi: 360mA.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):Matsakaicin yawan wutar lantarki da aka yarda a kowane guntu. R: 520mW, G/B: 684mW, W: 720mW. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zazzabi.
- Yankunan Zazzabi:Aiki: -40°C zuwa +85°C. Ajiya: -40°C zuwa +100°C. Matsakaicin Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa (Tj): 110°C.
- Juri na Zazzabi (Rth J-S):Haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder. R: 60°C/W, G: 110°C/W, B: 75°C/W, W: 75°C/W. Ƙananan ƙimomi suna nuna mafi kyawun canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa allon.
- Zazzabin Solder:IR Reflow: Matsakaicin zazzabi na 260°C na daƙiƙa 10 mafi yawa. Solder na Hannu: 350°C na daƙiƙa 3 mafi yawa.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
An auna aikin al'ada a TSolder=25°C da IF=100mA, sai dai idan an faɗi daban.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (Iv):An auna shi a millicandelas (mcd). Ƙimomin al'ada: R: 5000 mcd, G: 11000 mcd, B: 3000 mcd, W: 10000 mcd. An kuma ƙayyade ƙananan ƙimomi. Tolerancin shine ±11%.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ragewar ƙarfin lantarki a LED a 100mA. Al'ada/Maxi: R: 2.10V/2.60V, G: 3.00V/3.80V, B: 3.10V/3.80V, W: 2.90V/3.60V. Tolerancin shine ±0.1V. Wannan siga yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar direba.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 120. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken gani ya rabi na matsakaicin ƙarfi (a kan axis).
- Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λp):Matsakaicin tsawon zango na hasken da aka fitar. R: 619-629nm, G: 520-535nm, B: 460-475nm. Tolerancin shine ±1nm. An kwatanta launin LED Fari da "Yellowish".
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin halin yanzu na yoyo na 10µA a VR= -5V ga duk guntu.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa (Binning)
Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki bisa ga aikin da aka auna.
3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani
Ana rarraba LED ta hanyar ƙarfin hasken gani da aka auna a IF=100mA. Kowane kwandon aiki yana da lamba (misali, CB, DA, EA) wanda ke ayyana iyakar matsakaicin ƙarfi a mcd.
- Ja (R):Kwandon aiki CB (3550-4500 mcd), DA (4500-5600 mcd), DB (5600-7100 mcd).
- Kore (G):Kwandon aiki EA (7100-9000 mcd), EB (9000-11200 mcd), FA (11200-14000 mcd).
- Shuɗi (B):Kwandon aiki BA (1800-2240 mcd), BB (2240-2800 mcd), CA (2800-3550 mcd), CB (3550-4500 mcd).
- Fari (W):Kwandon aiki DB (5600-7100 mcd), EA (7100-9000 mcd), EB (9000-11200 mcd), FA (11200-14000 mcd), FB (14000-18000 mcd).
3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye
Hakanan ana rarraba LED ta hanyar matsakaicin tsawon zango na hasken da suke fitarwa don sarrafa launin launi.
- Ja (R):Kwandon aiki RB (619-624 nm), RC (624-629 nm).
- Kore (G):Kwandon aiki G7 (520-525 nm), G8 (525-530 nm), G9 (530-535 nm).
- Shuɗi (B):Kwandon aiki B3 (460-465 nm), B4 (465-470 nm), B5 (470-475 nm).
3.3 Rarrabawar Ma'auni na Launi (LED Fari)
Ga LED Fari, an ayyana launi daidai ta amfani da ma'auni na launi (x, y) akan zanen CIE 1931. Bayanin fasaha yana ba da cikakken tebur na lambobin kwandon aiki (misali, A11, A12, A21) tare da yankunan su na quadrilateral da aka ayyana ta hanyar saiti huɗu na ma'auni (x,y). Tolerancin waɗannan ma'auni shine ±0.01. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da sarrafa ƙarfi akan ma'anar fari (misali, fari mai sanyi, fari tsaka-tsaki, fari mai dumi) na hasken da aka fitar.
4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
Bayanin fasaha ya haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye na al'ada, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki.
4.1 Rarraba Bakan Hasken
An nuna lanƙwasa rarraba bakan na al'ada, yana zana matsakaicin ƙarfi dangane da tsawon zango. Wannan lanƙwasa yana wakiltar abun da ke cikin fitar haske a gani. Ga guntu na RGB, yana nuna ƙananan kololuwa a tsayin zangonsu masu rinjaye. Ga LED Fari (yawanci guntu shuɗi mai lulluɓin phosphor), lanƙwasa yana nuna faɗin kololuwa daga hasken da aka canza na phosphor, haɗe tare da ƙaramin kololuwar shuɗi daga LED na famfo. Hakanan ana nuni da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na ɗan adam (V(λ)) don ƙididdiga na photometric.
4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
Lanƙwasa daban-daban na guntu R, G, B, da W suna nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) a 25°C. Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna da yanayin ƙima. Suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance halin yanzu ko direbobi na halin yanzu na dindindin. Lanƙwasa sun tabbatar da cewa a matsakaicin halin yanzu na aiki na 100mA, VFya yi daidai da ƙimomin al'ada da aka bayyana a cikin tebur na lantarki.
4.3 Tsawon Zango vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba
Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna kwatanta yadda tsayin zango mai rinjaye (launi) na kowane guntu ke canzawa tare da ƙara halin yanzu na gaba. Gabaɗaya, tsawon zango na iya ƙaruwa kaɗan tare da halin yanzu saboda dumama haɗin gwiwa da sauran tasiri. Wannan muhimmin abu ne don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi a cikin matakan haske daban-daban.
4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba
Waɗannan zane-zane suna nuna yadda fitar haske (matsakaicin ƙarfin hasken gani na G/W, matsakaicin ƙarfin radiometric na R/B) ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu na gaba. Alakar gabaɗaya layi ne a ƙananan halin yanzu amma yana iya cika a manyan halin yanzu saboda zazzabi da raguwar inganci. Ana amfani da wannan bayanin don tantance mafi kyawun halin yanzu na tuƙi don matakin haske da ake so.
4.5 Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba da aka yarda vs. Zazzabi
Wannan lanƙwasa rage ƙima ɗaya ne daga mafi mahimmanci don amincin aiki. Yana nuna yadda dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba yayin da yanayin yanayi (ko wurin solder) ya ƙaru. Misali, a 85°C, halin yanzu da aka yarda zai yi ƙasa sosai fiye da ƙimar 25°C. Yin aiki sama da wannan lanƙwasa yana haɗarin wuce matsakaicin zazzabin haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai haifar da saurin raguwar lumen da rage tsawon rayuwar aiki.
5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
LED yana da hankali ga zubar da lantarki na electrostatic (ESD) kuma dole ne a yi amfani da shi tare da matakan kariya masu dacewa. Hanyoyin solder da aka ba da shawarar sune:
- Solder na IR Reflow:Wannan shine hanyar da aka fi so don haɗa SMD. Matsakaicin zazzabi bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce 260°C ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa daƙiƙa 10. Matsayin reflow mara gubar na al'ada ya dace.
- Solder na Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, ana iya yin solder na hannu tare da zazzabin ƙarshen gwangwani bai wuce 350°C ba. Lokacin tuntuɓar kowane gubar ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa daƙiƙa 3 don hana lalacewar zafi ga fakitin da haɗin waya.
Dole ne a yi taka-tsan-tsan don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan fakitin yayin da kuma bayan solder. Yankin zazzabin ajiya shine -40°C zuwa +100°C.
6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙirƙira
6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
Kowane guntu (R, G, B, W) yana buƙatar nasa da'irar iyakance halin yanzu saboda bambance-bambancen halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ana ba da shawarar direban LED na halin yanzu na dindindin fiye da madaidaicin resistor na jerin don mafi kyawun daidaiton haske da kwanciyar hankali na launi, musamman lokacin aiki daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai canzawa kamar baturi. Don haɗa launukan RGB, Pulse-width modulation (PWM) shine daidaitaccen hanyar sarrafa ƙarfi, yayin da yake kiyaye ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu na dindindin, don haka yana kiyaye launin kowane launi na farko.
6.2 Gudanar da Zazzabi
Ingantaccen nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aiki da tsawon rai. Ƙimar juriya na zazzabi (Rth J-S) suna nuna yadda zafi ke gudana cikin sauƙi daga guntu zuwa PCB. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar cewa PCB tana da isasshen yanki na tagulla (kushin zafi ko vias zuwa yadudduka na ciki) don tarwatsa jimillar zafin da aka samar (jimillar IF* VFga duk guntu masu aiki). Yin aiki kusa ko a matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu ba tare da sanyaya daidai ba zai haifar da manyan zazzabin haɗin gwiwa, yana haifar da raguwar fitar haske (raguwar lumen) da rage tsawon rayuwar aikin LED.
6.3 Ƙirar Hasken Gani
Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin haske mai watsewa. Don ƙarin hasken da aka nufa, ƙila ana buƙatar na'urori na gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau). Lokacin ƙira don haɗa launuka, kusancin jiki na guntu huɗu a cikin fakitin 5050 yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan haɗa launuka a sarari a nesa, amma don kallon kusa sosai, ƙila za a iya gane maki launuka daban-daban.
7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Wannan LED 5050 RGBW ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗa masu fitarwa huɗu daban-daban a cikin ƙaramin ƙira, daidaitaccen masana'antu na 5.0mm x 5.0mm. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED 5050 masu launi guda huɗu daban-daban, wannan fakitin da aka haɗa yana adana sararin PCB kuma yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa da ɗauka. Haɗa guntu fari na musamman, ban da guntu na RGB, yana ba da tushen hasken fari mai inganci ba tare da buƙatar haɗa launuka ba, wanda wani lokaci zai iya haifar da ƙarancin inganci ko matsalolin bayyana launi. Tsarin fil 8 na kowane mutum yana ba da matsakaicin sassauci don sarrafawa, yana barin kowane launi ya zama direba daban ko a cikin kowane haɗin kai.
8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
Q: Shin zan iya tuƙi duk guntu huɗu (RGBW) a layi daya daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin guda ɗaya tare da resistor na jerin guda ɗaya?
A: Ba a ba da shawarar ba. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) sun bambanta sosai (misali, Ja ~2.1V, Shuɗi ~3.1V). Haɗa su a layi daya zai haifar da rashin daidaito mai tsanani na halin yanzu, tare da guntu ja yana ɗaukar mafi yawan halin yanzu, mai yuwuwar wuce ƙimar sa, yayin da sauran suka kasance duhu ko kashe. Kowane tashar launi yana buƙatar sarrafa halin yanzu daban.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin hasken gani (mcd) da wutar lantarki (mW) a cikin ƙididdiga?
A: Ƙarfin hasken gani (wanda aka auna a candela ko millicandela) shine hasken da idon ɗan adam ke gani, wanda aka auna ta hanyar lanƙwasa hankali na ido. Rushewar wutar lantarki (a cikin milliwatts) shine ƙarfin lantarki da aka canza zuwa zafi (IF*VF) a haɗin gwiwar LED. Wani ɓangare na ƙarfin shigarwa ana canza shi zuwa haske (ƙarfin haske), amma bayanin fasaha ya ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin da dole ne a sarrafa shi.
Q: Ta yaya zan fassara kwandon aiki na ma'auni na launi don LED Fari?
A: Kowane kwandon aiki (misali, A11) yana ayyana ƙaramin yanki na quadrilateral akan ginshiƙi na launi na CIE. Ma'auni huɗu na (x,y) sune kusurwoyin wannan yanki. LED waɗanda launin da aka auna ya faɗi cikin wannan quadrilateral ana sanya su lambar kwandon aiki. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa duk LED a cikin rukuni suna da ma'anar fari iri ɗaya kusan.
Q: Me ya sa matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba (IFP) ya fi halin yanzu na ci gaba (IF)?
A: Haɗin gwiwar semiconductor na iya ɗaukar manyan bugun jini na halin yanzu na ɗan gajeren lokaci (10ms a wannan yanayin) saboda zafin da aka samar ba shi da lokacin ɗaga zazzabin haɗin gwiwa zuwa matakin mai mahimmanci. Wannan yana da amfani ga PWM dimming ko ƙirƙirar walƙiya masu haske na ɗan lokaci.
9. Misalin Ƙirƙira da Amfani na Aiki
Yanayi: Ƙirƙirar hasken yanayi mai canza launi.
Mai ƙira ya zaɓi wannan LED don fitilar tebur mai amfani da USB. Suna amfani da microcontroller tare da tashoshi huɗu na PWM don sarrafa halin yanzu na R, G, B, da W daban. LED Fari yana ba da yanayin karatu mai tsabta. LED na RGB ana haɗa su don ƙirƙirar launuka miliyoyin don hasken yanayi. Ƙirar tana amfani da IC direban LED na halin yanzu na dindindin wanda ke iya samar da har zuwa 200mA a kowane tashoshi. PCB ta haɗa da babban filin ƙasa wanda aka haɗa ta kushin zafi na LED ta hanyar vias da yawa don zama mai nutsewar zafi. Firmware yana aiwatar da algorithms na dusar ƙanƙara na launi kuma ya haɗa da dabaru na sarrafa zazzabi waɗanda ke rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na tuƙi idan firikwensin zazzabi na microcontroller (wanda aka sanya kusa da LED akan PCB) ya karanta sama da 70°C, yana tabbatar da cewa LED yana aiki a cikin lanƙwasa rage ƙimar zafinsa mai aminci.
10. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki
Fitar haske ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n na LED, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Launi (tsawon zango) na haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Guntu Ja yana amfani da AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). Guntu na Kore da Shuɗi suna amfani da InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) tare da ma'auni daban-daban na indium/gallium don daidaita bandgap. LED Fari yawanci yana amfani da guntu Shuɗi na InGaN wanda aka lulluɓe da phosphor rawaya (ko launuka da yawa). Hasken shuɗi daga guntu yana motsa phosphor, wanda sai ya fitar da faɗin bakan haske mai tsayi (rawaya, ja), haɗe tare da sauran hasken shuɗi don samar da hasken fari. Bayanin "Yellowish" yana nuna zazzabin launi mai alaƙa (CCT) a gefen dumi na bakan fari.
11. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin
Fakitin guntu da yawa da aka haɗa kamar wannan 5050 RGBW suna wakiltar yanayin zuwa ga mafi girman yawan aiki da sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin a cikin hasken LED. Ƙaura zuwa faɗin kusurwar kallo (kamar digiri 120) yana biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen haske mara haske maimakon fitilun haske masu mayar da hankali. Akwai ci gaba da motsa jiki na masana'antu don mafi ingantaccen haske (ƙarin fitar haske a kowace watt na lantarki) da inganta bayyana launi, musamman ga ɓangaren fari. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙididdiga na kwandon aiki, kamar yadda cikakkun tebur na ma'auni na launi suka tabbatar, suna nuna buƙatun kasuwa don mafi kyawun daidaiton launi a cikin aikace-aikacen LED na monochrome da fari, wanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin kayan aikin LED da yawa da nunin.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |