Bayanin Fasaha na LED na SMD 16-213/BHC-AN1P2/3T Blue - Launi Blue - 5mA na Halin Gaba - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Duba Samfurin

16-213/BHC-AN1P2/3T na'urar hawa a saman (SMD) ce mai fitar da haske (LED) wacce aka tsara don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙananan, ingantaccen, da amintaccen mafita na nuna alama ko hasken baya. Wannan ɓangaren yana amfani da fasahar semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don samar da hasken blue tare da mafi yawan tsayin zango na 468 nm. Babban falsafar ƙirarta ta ta'allaka ne akan ƙananan girma da dacewa da hanyoyin masana'antu masu girma da sarrafa kai.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED ya samo asali ne daga fakitin SMD. Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da ke da igiya na gargajiya, yana ba da damar rage girman allon da'ira (PCB) sosai kuma yana ba da damar ƙara yawan abubuwan da ake hawa. Wannan kai tsaye yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan siffofin samfurin ƙarshe. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin nauyin fakitin ya sa ya zama mafi kyau don aikace-aikace masu ɗauka da ƙanana inda nauyi ke da muhimmanci.

Kasuwar da aka yi niyya don wannan LED tana da faɗi, tana haɗawa da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sarrafa masana'antu, da sadarwa. Aikace-aikacen sa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hasken baya don allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, da maɓallan maɓalli, da kuma alamomin yanayin a cikin na'urori kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks. Hakanan ya dace don hasken gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar ƙaramin tushen hasken blue.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma

Ƙididdiga mafi girma suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ba yanayi ba ne don aiki na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Juyawa (V_R):5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar a cikin juyawa na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Halin Gaba (I_F):25 mA. Wannan shine mafi girman halin DC na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogaro.
• Kololuwar Halin Gaba (I_FP):100 mA (a cikin 1/10 na aikin hawan keke, 1 kHz). Wannan ƙimar tana ba da damar ɗan gajeren bugun jini na mafi girman halin yanzu, mai amfani a cikin tsare-tsaren tuƙi masu yawa, amma ba a ba da shawarar ci gaba da aiki a wannan matakin ba.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):95 mW. Wannan shine mafi girman wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafinsa ba, wanda aka lissafta azaman V_F* I_F.
• Fitowar Wutar Lantarki (ESD) Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM):150V. Wannan yana nuna matsakaicin hankali ga ESD. Hanyoyin sarrafawa da suka dace (misali, tashoshin aiki masu ƙasa, kumfa mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki) sun zama dole don hana ɓoyayyen gazawa ko bala'i.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki), -40°C zuwa +90°C (ajiye). Faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
• Zafin Solder:Reflow (260°C na 10 sec max) ko Hannu (350°C na 3 sec max). Waɗannan bayanan suna da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin yanayi na 25°C da halin gaba (I_F) na 5 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_v):28.5 zuwa 72.0 mcd (millicandela). Ana sarrafa faɗin kewayon ta hanyar tsarin binning (cikakke a Sashe na 3). Ba a bayyana ƙimar yau da kullun ba, wanda ke nuna zaɓi ya dogara ne akan takamaiman lambar kwandon shara.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa. Kusurwar 120° tana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi sosai, wanda ya dace da hasken yanki maimakon katakon haske.
• Matsakaicin Tsayin Zango (λ_p):468 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsayin zango inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsayin Zango (λ_d):464.5 zuwa 476.5 nm. Wannan shine fahimtar tsayin zango guda ɗaya na launin LED ta idon ɗan adam kuma yana ƙarƙashin binning.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):35 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan yana ayyana kewayon tsayin zango da aka fitar, wanda ya ta'allaka a kusa da mafi girman tsayin zango. Ƙunƙuntaccen faɗin bakan yana nuna launi mafi tsafta a cikin bakan.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):2.7V zuwa 3.7V, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 3.3V a I_F=5mA. Wannan sigogi yana da jurewar ±0.05V. V_Fyana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Juyawa (I_R):Matsakaicin 50 µA a V_R=5V. Ƙarancin halin juyawa yana da kyau.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da sigogi biyu masu zaman kansu na binning.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

An rarraba ƙarfin hasken zuwa kwandon shara huɗu (N1, N2, P1, P2), kowanne yana ɗauke da takamaiman kewayon. Jimillar yaduwa daga mafi ƙanƙanta (N1 min: 28.5 mcd) zuwa mafi girma (P2 max: 72.0 mcd) yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙayyade buƙatun kwandon shara don tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin matakin haske don aikace-aikacensu. Jurewar a cikin kwandon shara shine ±11%.

3.2 Binning na Matsakaicin Tsayin Zango

Matsakaicin tsayin zango, wanda ke ƙayyade launin blue da ake gani, an jera shi cikin kwandon shara huɗu (A9, A10, A11, A12). Waɗannan kwandon shara sun tashi daga 464.5 nm (blue mafi yawa, gajeren tsayin zango) zuwa 476.5 nm (ɗan kore kaɗan, tsayin zango mafi tsawo). Ƙayyade kwandon shara yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin LED da yawa a cikin samfur. Jurewar a cikin kwandon shara shine ±1 nm.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardun bayanan yana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun na diode. A halin yanzu na aiki da aka ba da shawarar na 5-20 mA, ƙarfin wutar gaba yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin kewayon 3.0V zuwa 3.8V. Wannan alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tana nuna dalilin da yasa direban halin yanzu na akai-akai ya fi tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na akai-akai don tuƙi LED, saboda ƙananan canje-canjen wutar lantarki na iya haifar da manyan sauye-sauye na halin yanzu.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken vs. Halin Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana kusan daidai da halin gaba a cikin ƙananan zuwa matsakaicin kewayon. Duk da haka, inganci (fitar haske na kowace naúrar shigar lantarki) yawanci yana raguwa a cikin halin yanzu masu yawa saboda ƙara samar da zafi. Aiki kusa da mafi girman ƙimar halin yanzu (25 mA) na iya samar da haske mafi girma amma a farashin rage tsawon rayuwa da inganci.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Fitar haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi. Wannan muhimmin abu ne na sarrafa zafi. Misali, idan LED yana aiki a matsakaicin zafinsa (+85°C), ƙarfin hasken zai yi ƙasa sosai fiye da ƙimar sa a 25°C. Cikakken ƙirar zafi na PCB (zubar da tagulla, vias) ya zama dole don rage zafin haɗin gwiwar LED da kuma kiyaye ingantaccen fitar haske.

4.4 Lanƙwasa Rage Halin Gaba

Wannan jadawalin a sarari yana ayyana matsakaicin halin gaba na ci gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin zafin yanayi. Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, matsakaicin halin yanzu mai aminci yana raguwa a layi daya. Wannan shine don hana zafin haɗin gwiwa ya wuce iyakarsa, wanda zai hanzarta lalacewa. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar halin yanzu da ya dace don tsammanin matsakaicin zafin yanayi.

4.5 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawalin bakan ya tabbatar da fitar da blue tare da kololuwa a kusa da 468 nm da cikakken faɗi a rabin mafi girma (FWHM) na kusan 35 nm. Akwai ƙaramin fitarwa a wasu sassan bakan da ake iya gani, yana nuna ingantaccen tsaftar launi don LED blue.

4.6 Tsarin Radiation

Zanen polar ya tabbatar da kusurwar dubawa na 120° a zahiri, yana nuna tsarin fitarwa mai kama da Lambertian inda ƙarfi ya fi girma a 0° (a kai tsaye zuwa guntu) kuma yana raguwa a hankali zuwa gefuna.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

LED yana cikin daidaitaccen fakitin SMD. Zanen girma yana ba da ma'auni masu mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB, gami da tsawon jiki, faɗi, tsayi, da tazarar jagora (tasha). Biyayya ga waɗannan girma ya zama dole don sanya da kuma siyar da su yadda ya kamata. Bayanin ya ƙayyade jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an faɗi.

5.2 Tsarin Pad da aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar (sawu). Wannan ya haɗa da girman pad, siffa, da tazara. Takardun bayanan daidai yana ba da shawarar cewa wannan ƙirar tunani ce kuma ya kamata a gyara ta bisa ga ƙarfin masana'antu na mutum ɗaya (misali, ƙirar stencil na man guduro, bayanan reflow). Babban manufar ƙirar pad shine don tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gwiwar solder da isassun taimakon zafi.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Solder Reflow

An ba da cikakken bayanin zafin jiki don solder reflow mara gubar. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da: matakin preheat (150-200°C na 60-120s), lokaci sama da ruwa (217°C na 60-150s), matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba na matsakaicin 10 seconds, da sarrafa ƙimar hawa/sanyaya. An faɗi a sarari cewa bai kamata a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu ba don guje wa damuwar zafi akan ɓangaren.

6.2 Umarnin Solder na Hannu

Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, an sanya iyakoki masu tsauri: zafin ƙarshen guntun ƙarfe<350°C, lokacin tuntuɓar kowace tasha ≤ 3 seconds, ƙarfin ƙarfe ≤ 25W, da mafi ƙarancin tazarar 2 seconds tsakanin siyar da kowace tasha. Takardun bayanan ya yi gargadin cewa lalacewa sau da yawa yana faruwa yayin solder na hannu, yana mai da hankali kan fifikon hanyoyin reflow.

6.3 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi

LED yana cikin jakar da ke hana danshi tare da desiccant. Kafin buɗewa, ya kamata a adana shi a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 90% RH. Bayan buɗewa, "rayuwar bene" shine shekara 1 a ƙarƙashin ≤ 30°C / ≤ 60% RH. Idan ya wuce, ana buƙatar maganin gasa (60 ± 5°C na awanni 24) kafin reflow don hana "popcorning" (fashewar fakitin saboda tururin danshi yayin siyarwa).

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tepe da Reel

Ana samar da na'urar a cikin tepe mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch. An yi cikakken bayani game da girman reel, ƙirar aljihun tepe, da ƙayyadaddun tepe mai rufewa don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin zaɓe da sanyawa ta atomatik. Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 3000.

7.2 Bayanin Label

Lambar reel tana ɗauke da lambobi da yawa:

• P/N:Lambar Samfur (cikakken lambar ɓangaren, misali, 16-213/BHC-AN1P2/3T).
• CAT:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (lambar kwandon shara don haske: N1, N2, P1, P2).
• HUE:Matsayi na Launi & Matsakaicin Tsayin Zango (lambar kwandon shara don launi: A9, A10, A11, A12).
• REF:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba.
• LOT No:Lambar lot na gano asali.

Waɗannan lambobi suna da mahimmanci don gano asali da kuma tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da bambancin ɓangaren daidai a cikin samarwa.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

8.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu Wajibi Ne

Gargaɗin farko na takardun bayanan yana mai da hankali: "Abokin ciniki dole ne ya yi amfani da resistors don kariya." Saboda lanƙwasa I-V mai zurfi na LED, ƙaramin ƙari a cikin wutar lantarki na iya haifar da babban, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu. Ana buƙatar resistor na jerin ko, zai fi dacewa, da'irar direban LED na akai-akai don aiki lafiya.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da cewa fakitin yana da ƙanƙanta, aikinsa yana dogara da zafin jiki. Don daidaitaccen haske da dogon rayuwa, shimfidar PCB ya kamata ta haɗa da dabarun sarrafa zafi. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da isassun yanki na tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa pad ɗin zafi na LED (idan ya dace) ko pad ɗin cathode/anode don zama mai sanyaya zafi, da kuma yuwuwar amfani da vias na zafi don canja wurin zafi zuwa ciki ko ƙasan yadudduka.

8.3 Ƙirar Gani

Kusurwar dubawa na 120° ta sa wannan LED ya dace da hasken yanki mai faɗi ba tare da na'urorin gani na biyu ba. Don ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali, za a buƙaci ruwan tabarau na waje ko masu nuni. Masu ƙira ya kamata su yi la'akari da rarraba ƙarfin kusurwa lokacin tsara jagororin haske ko masu watsawa don aikace-aikacen hasken baya.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambance-bambancen wannan LED yana ta'allaka ne akan haɗin gwiwar sa na musamman na girman fakitin, faɗin kusurwar dubawa, wurin launin blue, da cikakken tsarin binning. Idan aka kwatanta da LED marasa binning ko sako-sako da binning, yana ba da mafi girman hasashe a cikin launi da haske don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton gani. Dacewarsa da daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa na SMD da solder mara gubar ya sa ya zama ɓangaren shiga cikin layin masana'antar lantarki na zamani. Cikakken saitin lanƙwasa rage ƙarfi da gargadin aikace-aikace yana ba masu ƙira bayanan da suka dace don amfani da ɓangaren cikin aminci a iyakokin ƙayyadaddun sa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

10.1 Me yasa LED dina ya fi duhu fiye da yadda ake tsammani?

Duba yanayin aiki: 1) Tabbatar cewa halin gaba daidai yake 5 mA (ko halin yanzu da ya dace da yanayin gwaji na takardun bayanan). 2) Tabbatar da zafin yanayi. Ƙarfin hasken haske yana raguwa tare da hawan zafin jiki (duba Sashe na 4.3). 3) Tabbatar da lambar kwandon shara da aka saya (CAT akan lakabin). LED na kwandon shara N1 zai zama ƙasa da haske fiye da LED na kwandon shara P2 a halin yanzu ɗaya.

10.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu daidai?

Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardun bayanan (3.7V) don lissafin mafi ƙarancin ƙimar resistor wanda zai iyakance halin yanzu zuwa I_Fa ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi. Sannan duba ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor: P_R= (I_F)²* R.

10.3 Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED tare da fil ɗin microcontroller na 3.3V?

Kai tsaye, ba a ba da shawarar ba. V na yau da kullun_Fshine 3.3V, kuma matsakaicin zai iya zama 3.7V. A wadata na 3.3V, ƙila babu isasshen ƙarfin wutar lantarki don kunna LED akai-akai, musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi inda V_Fzai iya ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, fil ɗin MCU suna da iyakoki na samar da halin yanzu (sau da yawa 20-25mA). Transistor ko da'irar direba shine madaidaicin mu'amala.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Shari'ar Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar allon nuna yanayi tare da LED blue iri ɗaya da yawa.

1. Ƙayyadaddun:Ayyana mafi ƙarancin haske da ake buƙata da takamaiman launin launi. Don daidaito, ƙayyade kwandon shara guda ɗaya, mai matsi don duka ƙarfin hasken haske (misali, P1) da matsakaicin tsayin zango (misali, A10).
2. Ƙirar Da'ira:Yi amfani da direban IC na akai-akai wanda zai iya isar da 5 mA a kowane tashoshi zuwa LED da yawa. Wannan yana tabbatar da halin yanzu iri ɗaya don haka haske iri ɗaya a duk LED, ba tare da la'akari da ƙananan V ba_F variations.
3. Shimfidar PCB:Ƙirar pad ɗin bisa ga tsarin da aka ba da shawarar. Haɗa ƙaramin zubar da tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa pad ɗin cathode na kowane LED don taimakawa watsi da zafi. Ajiye LED a tazara don guje wa zafi na juna.
4. Haɗawa:Bi bayanin reflow daidai. Ajiye reels da aka buɗe a cikin akwati mai bushewa idan ba a yi amfani da su nan da nan ba.
5. Tabbatarwa:Auna ƙarfin wutar gaba da fitar haske na raka'o'in samfurin a halin yanzu na aiki da aka yi niyya da kuma matsakaicin zafin yanayi da ake tsammani don tabbatar da aiki.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor da aka yi daga kayan InGaN. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba wanda ya wuce shingen yuwuwar haɗin gwiwa (ƙarfin wutar gaba V_F) electrons da ramuka ana shigar da su cikin yanki mai aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. A cikin semiconductor mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kai tsaye kamar InGaN, wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman bandgap na gami da InGaN yana ƙayyade tsayin zango na photons da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin yankin blue na bakan da ake iya gani (~468 nm). Fakitin epoxy yana aiki don kare guntu na semiconductor, yin aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffanta fitar haske (sakamakon kusurwar dubawa na 120°), da kuma samar da tsarin injiniya don siyarwa.

13. Trends na Fasaha

LED na SMD kamar jerin 16-213 suna wakiltar ma'auni na masana'antu don ƙananan girma da haɗawa ta atomatik. Ci gaba da ci gaba a fagen sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Ingantaccen:Haɓaka sabbin sifofi na epitaxial da kayan don cimma mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin fitar haske a kowace watt na lantarki).
• Ingantaccen Daidaiton Launi:Ci gaba a cikin sarrafa masana'antu da algorithms na binning don samar da ƙarin matsi na launi da haske kai tsaye daga samarwa.
• Ingantaccen Aikin Zafi:Haɓaka fakitin tare da ƙananan juriya na zafi don ba da damar mafi girman halayen tuƙi da kuma kiyaye aiki a manyan yanayin zafi.
• Haɗin kai:Motsi zuwa ga fakitin guntu da yawa (RGB, fari) da LED tare da haɗaɗɗun direbobi ko da'irar sarrafawa ("LED masu hankali").

Bangaren da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takardun bayanan ya dace da mafi faɗin yanayin amintacce, LED mai nuna alama mai launi guda ɗaya mai tsada waɗanda ke ci gaba da zama mahimmanci a cikin na'urorin lantarki marasa ƙima.