Bayanin Fasaha na LED Mai Cikakken Launi SMD 67-235 - Kunshin 3.2x2.8x1.9mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 1.75-3.65V - Ƙarfi 0.12W - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

67-235 na'urar LED ce mai cikakken launi da aka tsara don hawa a saman (SMD), wacce aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke bukatar karamin girma, haske mai karfi, da ikon hada launuka. Tana hada guntu LED guda uku (Ja, Kore, Shudi) a cikin kunshi guda, mara launi, wanda ke ba da damar samar da faffadan launuka. Na'urar tana da kunshin SMT fari tare da tsarin gubar da fil guda shida don sarrafa kowane tashar launi da kansa. Babban fa'idodinta sun hada da faffadan kusurwar kallo, karancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da karfin haske mai karfi, wanda ya sa ya dace da hasken baya da aikace-aikacen nuni a cikin na'urorin lantarki masu matsi.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Bin Ka'idoji

• Kunshi: SMT fari, guduro mara launi.
• Tsarin Guntu: An gina shi da guntu LED guda 3 (Ja RQ, Kore GC, Shudi BJ).
• Mahaɗin Lantarki: Kunshin tsarin gubar tare da fil guda 6.
• Ayyukan Gani: Faffadan kusurwar kallo, karfin haske mai karfi.
• Masana'antu: Ya dace da hanyoyin siyar da reflow.
• Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli: Ba shi da gubar, ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, ya bi ka'idojin EU REACH.
• Ba shi da Halogen: Bromine (Br) <900 ppm, Chlorine (Cl) <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm.
• Shirye-shiryen Kafin Aiki: Dangane da JEDEC J-STD-020D Mataki na 3.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

Wannan LED ta dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da sarari, inganci, da ikon launi suke da muhimmanci. Misalan amfani sun hada da kayan wasan nishadi, allunan bayanai da alamun kasuwanci, kayan hasken tocila don kyamarori na dijital ko wayoyin hannu, da hasken gaba daya don kananan na'urorin lantarki. Tsarinta ya dace musamman don amfani da bututun haske.

2. Sigogi na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Madaidaici

Wadannan matsayi suna ayyana iyakokin da wucewa da su zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a karkashin ko a wadannan yanayi ba.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR): 12V don Ja (RQ), 5V don Kore (GC) da Shudi (BJ).
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF): 50mA don RQ, 30mA don GC da BJ.
• Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP): 100mA (Aiki 1/10 @1KHz).
• Rushewar Ƙarfi (Pd): 120mW don RQ, 110mW don GC/BJ.
• Iyakar Zazzabi: Matsakaicin Zazzabin Junction (Tj) 125°C. Kewayon Zazzabin Aiki (Topr) -40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon Zazzabin Ajiya (Tstg) -40°C zuwa +110°C.
• Juriya na Thermal (Rth): Junction-to-Ambient shine 500 K/W (RQ) da 600 K/W (GC/BJ). Junction-to-Solder Point shine 300 K/W (RQ) da 400 K/W (GC/BJ).
• Jurewar ESD: 2000V don RQ, 500V don GC/BJ (mai yiwuwa Samfurin Jikin Mutum).
• Zazzabin Siyarwa: Siyarwar reflow a 260°C na dakika 30 matsakaici. Siyarwar hannu a 350°C na dakika 3 matsakaici.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki-Gani (Ta=25°C)

Wadannan sune sigogi na ayyuka na yau da kullun da aka auna a karkashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Halin Yanzu na Gaba IF=20mA).

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv): Ja (RQ): 450-1400 mcd. Kore (GC): 1120-2240 mcd. Shudi (BJ): 225-450 mcd.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2): digiri 120 (na yau da kullun).
• Tsawon Zango: Kololuwar Tsawon Zango (λp): RQ~632nm, GC~518nm, BJ~468nm. Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λd): RQ 617.5-629.5nm, GC 525-535nm, BJ 465-475nm.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ): RQ~20nm, GC~35nm, BJ~25nm.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF): RQ: 1.75-2.75V. GC/BJ: 2.75-3.65V.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR): ≤10 μA a rated VR don dukkan guntu.

Lura akan Tolerances:Ƙarfin Hasken ±11%, Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye ±1nm, Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba ±0.1V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Ana rarraba samfurin zuwa rukunoni dangane da muhimman sigogi na aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa. Dole ne masu zane su ƙayyade lambobin rukunin da ake bukata lokacin yin oda.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken

An auna a IF=20mA. Lambobin suna daga ƙananan zuwa mafi girman ƙarfi.

• Ja (RQ): U1 (450-560 mcd), U2 (560-710), V1 (710-900), V2 (900-1120), AA (1120-1400).
• Kore (GC): AA (1120-1400 mcd), AB (1400-1800), BA (1800-2240).
• Shudi (BJ): S2 (225-285 mcd), T1 (285-360), T2 (360-450).

3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye

Yana ayyana wurin launi na kowane guntu.

• Ja (RQ): E4 (617.5-621.5 nm), E5 (621.5-625.5), E6 (625.5-629.5).
• Kore (GC): Y (525-530 nm), Z (530-535).
• Shudi (BJ): X (465-470 nm), Y (470-475).

3.3 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Mahimmanci don ƙirar direba da sarrafa wutar lantarki.

• Ja (RQ): 0 (1.75-1.95V), 1 (1.95-2.15), 2 (2.15-2.35), 3 (2.35-2.55), 4 (2.55-2.75).
• Kore (GC) / Shudi (BJ): 5 (2.75-3.05V), 6 (3.05-3.35), 7 (3.35-3.65).

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanin bayanan yana ba da lanƙwasan halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba.

4.1 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwasan suna nuna fitowar haske dangane da tsawon zango na kowane guntu. Guntun Ja (RQ) yana da ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth (~20nm) a kusa da 632nm. Kore (GC) yana da mafi faɗin bandwidth (~35nm) a kusa da 518nm, kuma Shudi (BJ) yana da matsakaicin bandwidth (~25nm) kusa da 468nm. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don lissafin haɗa launuka da ƙirar tacewa.

4.2 Tsarin Radiation

Zanen yana kwatanta rarraba haske a sarari, yana tabbatar da faffadan kusurwar kallo na digiri 120. Ƙarfin yana da kusan iri ɗaya a cikin mazugi na kallo na tsakiya, wanda yake da amfani ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske ko'ina.

4.3 Alakar Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Lanƙwasai daban-daban na RQ, GC, da BJ suna nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF). Lanƙwasan suna nuna halayen yau da kullun na diode. Guntun Ja yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na kunna (~1.8V) idan aka kwatanta da guntu na Kore da Shudi (~2.8V). Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin ƙirar da'ira, musamman lokacin tuka guntu daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki guda ɗaya.

4.4 Tsawon Zango vs. Halin Yanzu da Ƙarfi vs. Halin Yanzu

Jadawalin Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba yana nuna ƙaramin canji tare da ƙara halin yanzu, yana nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na launi. Jadawalin Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba yana kusan layi a cikin kewayon aikin da aka ba da shawarar, amma zai cika a manyan halayen yanzu saboda tasirin thermal.

4.5 Ragewa da Gudanar da Thermal

Jadawalin Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Zazzabi yana da mahimmanci don dogaro. Yana nuna yadda dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na aiki mai aminci yayin da yanayin yanayi ko zazzabin solder ya karu. Misali, a 100°C, halin yanzu da aka halatta ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da a 25°C. Daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB don zamewar zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED tana da ƙaramin ƙafar SMD. Muhimman girma (a cikin mm, tolerance ±0.1mm sai an ƙayyade) sune: Tsawon gabaɗaya 3.2mm, faɗin 2.8mm, da tsayi 1.9mm. Cikakken zanen ya ƙayyade wuraren kafet, jigon kayan aiki, da gano fil (1 zuwa 6). Fil 1 yawanci shine cathode na guntun Ja, tare da sauran fil ɗin da aka sanya wa anodes da cathodes na guntu na Kore da Shudi. Dole ne a tabbatar da ainihin pinout daga zanen girma don daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB.

6. Jagororin Siyarwa da Taro

6.1 Sigogi na Siyarwa

• Siyarwar Reflow (Ana ba da shawara):Matsakaicin zazzabi kololuwar 260°C na dakika 30. Daidaitaccen bayanin martaba na reflow mara gubar ya dace.
• Siyarwar Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, zazzabin ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata a iyakance zuwa dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gwiwa.

6.2 Kula da Sarrafawa da Ajiya

• Wadannan na'urori suna da hankali ga fitar da tashin hankali na lantarki (ESD). Yi amfani da matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa da taro.
• Ajiye a cikin yanayi mai bushewa. Matakin hankali na danshi (MSL) ana nuna shi ta hanyar JEDEC J-STD-020D Mataki na 3 na shirye-shiryen kafin aiki, wanda yawanci yayi daidai da MSL 3. Wannan yana nufin kunshin zai iya fallasa ga yanayin bene har zuwa sa'o'i 168 kafin ya buƙaci gasa kafin reflow.
• A guji matsi na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau yayin sanyawa.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Kunshi Mai Juriya Danshi

Ana samar da na'urorin a cikin kunshi mai juriya ga danshi, kamar tef da reel, don kiyaye tsawon rayuwar shinge da hana sha danshi.

7.2 Bayanin Alama

Alamar reel ta ƙunshi mahimman bayanai don gano asali da tabbatarwa: Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfur (P/N), Adadin Tattarawa (QTY), da takamaiman Lambobin Rarrabawa don Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT), Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (HUE), da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF). Lambar LOT tana ba da gano asalin masana'antu.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Zane

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Kowane tashar launi ya kamata a tuka shi da kansa ta amfani da tushen halin yanzu na akai-akai ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki. Saboda bambancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ana buƙatar keɓantattun resistors na saitin halin yanzu don tashar Ja da haɗaɗɗun tashoshin Kore/Shudi idan ana amfani da wadata na ƙarfin lantarki guda ɗaya. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) ita ce hanyar da aka ba da shawarar don dushewa da haɗa launuka, saboda tana kiyaye halin yanzu na gaba akai-akai don haka kwanciyar hankali na daidaitawar launi.

8.2 Zane na Thermal

Ganin rushewar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 120mW) da juriya na thermal, PCB tana aiki azaman babban mai zamewar zafi. Yi amfani da isasshen yanki na tagulla (kafet na thermal) da aka haɗa zuwa wuraren siyar da LED, kuma yi la'akari da amfani da hanyoyin thermal zuwa ciki ko ƙananan yadudduka don inganta zubar da zafi, musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen halin yanzu mai girma ko babban yanayin yanayi.

8.3 Zane na Gani

Faffadan kusurwar kallo ya sa wannan LED ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi. Don aikace-aikacen bututun haske, tabbatar da cewa ƙofar bututu yana daidaitacce da girman girman don kama mazugi na hasken da aka fitar. Guduro mai tsabta yana ba da damar kyakkyawan haɗa launuka lokacin da aka sanya guntu kusa da saman watsawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abubuwan da ke bambanta 67-235 a cikin ajinsa shine haɗa guntu guda uku masu inganci (AlGaInP don Ja, InGaN don Kore da Shudi) a cikin ƙaramin kunshi 3.2x2.8mm, tare da faffadan kusurwar kallo na digiri 120. Idan aka kwatanta da LED RGB masu sauƙi biyu, tsarin fil shida yana ba da damar sarrafa kowane launi gaba ɗaya, yana ba da damar gamut mafi faɗi na launuka da ƙarin tasirin haske mai zurfi. Bin ka'idojin muhalli masu tsauri (RoHS, REACH, Ba tare da Halogen ba) ya sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya masu tsauraran ka'idoji.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

10.1 Shin zan iya tuka dukkan launuka uku tare da resistor ɗaya mai iyakance halin yanzu?

A'a. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) na guntun Ja (1.75-2.75V) ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da na guntu na Kore da Shudi (2.75-3.65V). Yin amfani da resistor guda ɗaya daga wadata na ƙarfin lantarki guda ɗaya zai haifar da halin yanzu mai yawa ta hanyar guntun Ja ko rashin isasshen halin yanzu don guntu na Kore/Shudi, wanda zai haifar da daidaiton launi mara kyau da yuwuwar matsi. Yi amfani da sarrafa halin yanzu daban don kowane tashar.

10.2 Menene ma'anar lambobin rukunin (CAT, HUE, REF)?

Waɗannan lambobin rarrabawa ne na inganci. CAT yana nufin rukunin Ƙarfin Hasken (misali, U1, AA). HUE yana nufin rukunin Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (misali, E4, Y). REF yana nufin rukunin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (misali, 0, 5). Ƙayyade rukunoni yana tabbatar da cewa kuna karɓar LED tare da ƙayyadaddun halaye na lantarki da na gani, wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen aiki a cikin jerin LED masu yawa ko aikace-aikacen da ke da mahimmanci ga launi.

10.3 Ta yaya zan sami hasken fari tare da wannan LED RGB?

Ana ƙirƙira hasken fari ta hanyar haɗa launuka farko guda uku (Ja, Kore, Shudi) a cikin takamaiman ma'auni na ƙarfi. Daidaitattun ma'auni sun dogara da maƙasudin farin fari (misali, farin sanyi, farin zafi) da takamaiman fitowar bakan na kowane rukunin LED. Wannan yawanci yana buƙatar daidaitawa da na'urorin lantarki masu iyakance daidaita halin yanzu zuwa kowane tashar. Ba wani mafita mai sauƙi ba ne don hasken fari ba tare da daidaitaccen da'irar sarrafawa ba.

11. Zane na Aiki da Misalin Amfani

Misali: Mai Nuna Matsayi don Na'urar da ake ɗauka

Mai zane yana buƙatar mai nuna matsayi mai launuka da yawa don na'urar likita ta hannu. Sarari yana da iyaka sosai. An zaɓi LED 67-235. An tsara tashar Ja don nuna gargaɗin batirin ƙasa (mai walƙiya), Kore don aiki na yau da kullun (tsayayye), da Shudi don nuna haɗin Bluetooth (bugun jini). Ƙaramin microcontroller tare da fitarwa uku na PWM yana tuka LED ta hanyar sauƙaƙan canje-canjen transistor. Faffadan kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin matsayi daga kusurwoyi daban-daban ba tare da buƙatar ruwan tabarau mai sarƙaƙi ba. Ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki na kowane tashar (20mA na yau da kullun) yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye rayuwar baturi. Zanen fil shida yana ba da damar microcontroller ya sarrafa kowane launi da kansa ba tare da ƙarin da'irar haɗaɗɗu ba.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da halin yanzu na lantarki ya wuce ta cikin su. Wannan al'amari ana kiransa electroluminescence. A cikin 67-235, ana amfani da kayan semiconductor daban-daban guda uku: AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) don guntun Ja, da InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don guntu na Kore da Shudi. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin waɗannan kayan yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap na semiconductor, wanda kai tsaye yana ƙayyade tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Lokacin da aka yi gaba da son rai, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Kunshin epoxy mai tsabta yana aiki don kare ƙananan guntu na semiconductor, yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffanta fitowar haske, kuma yana iya ƙunsar phosphors (ko da yake ba a cikin wannan sigar mai tsabta ba) don gyara launi.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

67-235 yana wakiltar fasaha mai girma a fagen SMD RGB LEDs. Trends na yanzu a cikin masana'antu suna tura zuwa hanyoyi da yawa lokaci guda: 1)Ƙara Inganci da Hasken:Sabbin tsarin epitaxial da dabarun kunshi suna ci gaba da inganta fitarwa na lumen kowace watt (inganci). 2)Ƙananan Girma:Ko da ƙananan girman kunshi (misali, 2.0x1.6mm, 1.6x1.6mm) suna zama na kowa ga na'urori masu ƙanƙanta. 3)Ingantaccen Fitar da Launi da Gamut:Ci gaba a cikin LEDs masu canza phosphor da kayan fitarwa kai tsaye suna nufin faɗaɗa gamut na launi don nunin allon da kuma samun mafi girman Fihirisar Fitar da Launi (CRI) don haske. 4)Haɗaɗɗun Hikima:Kasuwa yana ganin haɓaka a cikin LEDs tare da ingantattun ICs na sarrafawa (LED RGB masu iya magana), yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin. Yayin da 67-235 ke da ɓangare daban, fahimtar waɗannan trends yana taimakawa wajen zaɓar daidaitaccen fasaha don ƙirar da za ta dace da gaba, daidaita farashi, aiki, da matakin haɗawa.