SMD LED Amber Mai Duba Kusa 120-Digiri - Fasahar AlInGaP - 2.05-2.5V @ 50mA - Watsawar Wutar 175mW - Takardun Bayani na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda tana cikakken bayyana ƙayyadaddun bayanai don babban LED mai haske, na'urar da ake hawa a saman (SMD) wanda ke amfani da fasahar Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da hasken amber. An ƙera kayan don tsarin haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik kuma ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Yana da ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120, wanda ya sa ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi ko ganuwa daga kusurwoyi da yawa.

LED ɗin ya cancanta bisa ga ƙa'idodin AEC-Q101, wanda ya sa ya dace don amfani a cikin aikace-aikacen kayan haɗin mota, da sauransu. Ginin sa da kayan sun bi umarnin ROHS. Ana ba da na'urar a cikin kayan marufi na masana'antu akan tef mai inci 8 da aka nannade akan reels inci 7, yana sauƙaƙa haɗin kai mai sauri na ɗauka da sanyawa.

2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Cikakke

An ƙididdige na'urar don aiki a cikin takamaiman iyakokin muhalli da na lantarki don tabbatar da amincin kuma hana lalacewa. An ƙayyade matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

• Watsawar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):175 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a matsayin zafi ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafinta ba.
• Halin yanzu na Gaba na DC (IF):70 mA. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da za a iya amfani da shi.
• Matsakaicin Halin yanzu na Gaba:100 mA. Wannan yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms) kuma bai kamata a wuce shi ba.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli wanda aka ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.

2.2 Halayen Zafi

Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa. Ƙimar juriyar zafi tana nuna yadda zafi zai iya tafiya daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye ko wurin solder.

• Juriyar Zafi, Haɗin zuwa Muhalli (RθJA):280 °C/W (na al'ada). An auna akan tushen FR4 (mai kauri 1.6mm) tare da fakitin tagulla 16mm². Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna mafi kyawun watsawar zafi.
• Juriyar Zafi, Haɗin zuwa Wurin Solder (RθJS):130 °C/W (na al'ada). Wannan sau da yawa shine ma'auni mafi dacewa don ƙirar zafi na matakin allon.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Haɗin (Tj):125 °C. Zafin da ke haɗin semiconductor bai kamata ya wuce wannan iyaka ba.

Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙididdige zafin haɗin da ake tsammani (Tj = Ta + (Pd * RθJA)) don tabbatar da cewa ya kasance ƙasa da 125°C a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayin aiki.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana fitowar haske da halayen lantarki na LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C, IF=50mA).

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):2240 - 4500 mcd (millicandela). Wannan shine hasken da ake ganin shi kamar yadda na'urar da aka tace don dacewa da amsawar idon ɗan adam (lanƙwasa CIE) ta auna. Ana sarrafa faɗin kewayon ta hanyar tsarin binning.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ½):120 digiri (na al'ada). An ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar inda ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar sa akan axis (0°).
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λP):621 nm (na al'ada). Tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λd):612 - 621 nm. Wannan tsawon raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya ya fi wakiltar launin da ake ganin LED, wanda aka samo daga madaidaitan launi. Haƙuri shine ±1 nm.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na al'ada). Faɗin bakan da aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi, yana nuna tsaftar launi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.05 - 2.5 V a 50mA. Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da halin yanzu. Haƙuri shine ±0.1 V.
• Halin yanzu na Baya (IR):10 μA (matsakaici) a VR=10V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin karkatar da baya ba; wannan ma'auni don dalilai na gwaji ne kawai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jerin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman ma'auni. Alamar batch tana nuna takamaiman lambobin kwandon shara don Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf), Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv), da Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (Wd).

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)

An yi binning a IF=50mA don taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irar ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu.

• Kwandon D:2.05V - 2.20V
• Kwandon E:2.20V - 2.35V
• Kwandon F:2.35V - 2.50V

Haƙuri a cikin kowane kwandon shine ±0.1V.

3.2 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)

An yi binning a IF=50mA don sarrafa bambancin haske.

• Kwandon X2:2240 mcd - 2800 mcd
• Kwandon Y1:2800 mcd - 3550 mcd
• Kwandon Y2:3550 mcd - 4500 mcd

Haƙuri a cikin kowane kwandon shine ±11%.

3.3 Binning na Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (Wd)

An yi binning a IF=50mA don tabbatar da daidaiton launi.

• Kwandon 3:612 nm - 615 nm
• Kwandon 4:615 nm - 618 nm
• Kwandon 5:618 nm - 621 nm

Haƙuri a cikin kowane kwandon shine ±1 nm.

4. Bincike Kan Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da abin da aka ba da ya ambaci lanƙwasa na al'ada, ana siffanta aikin LED na yau da kullun ta hanyar alaƙa masu mahimmanci da yawa.

4.1 Halin yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V don LED na AlInGaP yana da yanayin ma'auni, kama da diode na yau da kullun. A matsakaicin halin yanzu na aiki na 50mA, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya faɗi cikin kewayon 2.05V zuwa 2.5V kamar yadda aka ƙayyade. Ya kamata masu ƙira su yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direban halin yanzu na dindindin don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi da hana guduwar zafi, saboda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki don LEDs.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba

Fitowar haske (ƙarfin haske) yana daidai da kusan halin yanzu na gaba a cikin babban kewayon. Yin aiki sama da halin yanzu na DC da aka ba da shawarar (70mA) zai ƙara fitowar haske amma kuma zai haifar da ƙarin zafi, yana iya rage inganci (ingancin haske) da rage tsawon rayuwar na'urar saboda haɓakar lalacewar zafi.

4.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

Aikin LED yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga zafin jiki. Yayin da zafin haɗin ya ƙaru:

• Fitowar Hasken Ta Rage:Fitowar haske yawanci tana raguwa. Tabbataccen ƙididdige ƙididdiga ya bambanta amma abu ne mai mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen amincin babba.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Ya Rage:Wannan na iya haifar da ƙaruwar halin yanzu idan tushen ƙarfin lantarki ya motsa shi, yana haifar da madauki mai kyau na samar da zafi.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa Ya Matsa:Ga LEDs na AlInGaP, tsawon raƙuman ruwa gabaɗaya yana matsawa kaɗan tare da zafin jiki, wanda zai iya shafar fahimtar launi a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin haƙuri.

Don haka, ingantaccen ajiye zafi da ƙirar zafi akan PCB suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaitaccen aikin gani.

4.4 Rarraba Sararin Samaniya (Kusurwar Dubawa)

Tsarin bakan hasken sararin samaniya an ayyana shi ta hanyar gine-ginen guntu na LED da ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa. Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 (2θ½) tana nuna rarraba mai faɗi, mai kama da Lambertian. Wannan tsarin ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai daidaito, faɗin yanki ko alamun da ke buƙatar ganuwa daga kusurwoyi da yawa, kamar fitilun panel ko alamomin matsayi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Kunshin

LED ɗin ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin SMD na EIA. An ba da duk mahimman girma don ƙirar sawun PCB, kamar tazarar fakitin, tsayin kayan, da girman ruwan tabarau, a cikin cikakken zanen kunshin tare da haƙuri na gabaɗaya na ±0.2mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Wannan daidaitawa yana tabbatar da dacewa da kayan haɗin atomatik.

5.2 Ƙirar Fakitin PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da tsarin ƙasa (sawu) don duka tsarin solder na reflow na infrared da na lokaci. Bin wannan tsarin fakitin da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don cimma haɗin solder mai aminci, tabbatar da daidaitaccen daidaita kai yayin reflow, da sauƙaƙe ingantaccen canja wurin zafi daga fakitin zafin LED (idan akwai) zuwa PCB.

5.3 Gano Polarity

LEDs na SMD yawanci suna da alama akan kunshin don nuna gefen cathode (korau). Wannan sau da yawa alama ce mai kore, tsaga, ko yanke kusurwa akan ruwan tabarau ko jikin kunshin. Daidaitaccen alkiblar polarity yayin sanyawa yana da mahimmanci don na'urar ta yi aiki.

6. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Solder na IR Reflow

Na'urar ta dace da tsarin solder na reflow na infrared (IR) ta amfani da solder mara gubar (Pb-free). Bayanin da aka ba da shawarar ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin J-STD-020. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Pre-heat:150-200°C matsakaici.
• Lokacin Pre-heat:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:260°C matsakaici.
• Lokacin Sama da Liquidus:Yana bin iyakokin bayanin don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder da kyau ba tare da fallasa LED ga matsanancin damuwa na zafi ba.

LED ɗin ya kamata a yi masa aƙalla zagaye biyu na reflow kawai.

6.2 Solder na Hannu

Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan:

• Zafin Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C.
• Lokacin Solder:Matsakaicin dakika 3 kowane jagora.
• Iyaka:Ana ba da izinin zagaye ɗaya na solder na hannu kawai don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik da haɗin wayoyi na ciki.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Dole ne a yi tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa da kulawa. Kayan kwalliya na barasa da aka ƙayyade kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da su. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sinadarai masu tsauri ko waɗanda ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy da kayan kunshin, suna haifar da canza launi ko fashewa.

7. Ajiya & Kulawa da Taka Tsantsan

7.1 Hancin Danshi

An rarraba wannan samfurin azaman Matakin Hancin Danshi (MSL) 2a bisa ga JEDEC J-STD-020. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya fallasa kunshin zuwa yanayin bene na masana'anta (≤30°C/60%RH) har zuwa makonni 4 kafin a buƙaci gasa kafin reflow.

• Jakar da aka Rufe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda daga ranar rufe jakar.
• Jakar da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Kammala IR reflow cikin makonni 4 na buɗewa.
• Ajiya Mai Tsayi (Ba a cikin Jakar):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen.
• Bake-Out:Idan an fallasa sama da makonni 4, yi gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin solder don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

7.2 Bayanan Aikace-aikace

An ƙera wannan LED don kayan aikin lantarki na gabaɗaya. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincin na musamman inda gazawar zai iya haifar da haɗari (misali, jirgin sama, likita, tsarin sufuri mai mahimmanci), shawarwarin fasaha na musamman ya zama dole don tantance dacewa da buƙatun rage ƙima.

8. Bayanin Marufi & Oda

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel

Ana ba da na'urar a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da tef ɗin kariya, wanda aka nannade akan reels mai diamita inci 7 (178mm). Matsakaicin adadin reel shine guda 2000 a kowane reel. Marufin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481 don tabbatar da dacewa da masu ciyar da atomatik. An ba da girman tef (girman aljihu, tsalle-tsalle, da sauransu) don saitin mai ciyarwa.

9. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

9.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Kayan Haɗin Mota:Hasken yanayi na ciki, hasken baya na dashboard, hasken canji, da alamomin matsayi marasa mahimmanci.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Alamomin matsayi na masu hanyar sadarwa, modem, firinta, da kayan aikin sauti/ bidiyo.
• Na'urorin da ake ɗauka:Alamomin matsayi na wutar lantarki/baturi a cikin na'urorin da sarari ke da ƙima.
• Alamar Gabaɗaya:Fitilun panel, alamomin fita, da hasken ado inda launin amber da faɗin kusurwar dubawa suke da amfani.

9.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira

• Tukin Halin yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da tushen halin yanzu na dindindin ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da LED. Ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF ya kamata a zaɓi daga matsakaicin ƙimar a cikin kwandon sa don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Don ci gaba da aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu, samar da isasshen yanki na tagulla akan PCB da aka haɗa zuwa fakitin zafin LED (idan ya dace) ko kusurwoyin da ke kusa don zama mai ajiye zafi. Lura da ƙididdigar zafin haɗin.
• Kariya ta ESD:Duk da yake ba a bayyana shi a sarari a matsayin mai hankali ba, aiwatar da matakan kariya na ESD na asali yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa kyakkyawan al'ada ce ga duk na'urorin semiconductor.

10. Gabatarwar Fasaha & Trends

10.1 Ka'idar Fasahar AlInGaP

Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) wani abu ne na semiconductor na III-V da ake amfani da shi da farko don samar da ingantattun LEDs a cikin yankunan tsawon raƙuman ruwa ja, orange, amber, da rawaya (kimanin 590-650 nm). Ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni na aluminum, indium, da gallium a cikin yanki mai aiki na rijiyar ƙididdiga, ana iya daidaita bandgap na kayan daidai, wanda kai tsaye ke ƙayyade matsakaicin tsawon raƙuman hasken da aka fitar. LEDs na AlInGaP an san su da babban ingancin haske da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP). Ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa yawanci an yi shi da epoxy ko silicone kuma yana ɗauke da barbashi masu watsawa don faɗata kusurwar katako da laushin bayyanar tushen haske.

10.2 Trends na Ci gaba

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin fasahar SMD LED yana zuwa ga mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ƙaruwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin binning, da ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani (zafi mafi girma, danshi). Ga LEDs na amber, ana ci gaba da bincike a cikin madadin kayan kamar phosphor-converted blue LEDs don cimma takamaiman inuwar amber, kodayake AlInGaP mai fitarwa kai tsaye ya kasance mafi rinjaye don tsaftataccen launukan bakan saboda ingancinsa. Trends na marufi sun haɗa da ƙananan siffofi, ingantattun hanyoyin zafi, da ruwan tabarau da aka ƙera don takamaiman tsarin katako. Tuƙin don hasken ciki da waje na mota, tare da aikace-aikacen alama na gabaɗaya, yana ci gaba da turawa don sassan da suka dace da ƙa'idodin inganci kamar AEC-Q101.