SMD LED Amber AlInGaP Mai Duba Kusa 120-Digiri - Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha don babban haske, na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) Fitilar Fitila (LED) ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da fitowar haske mai launin amber. An sanya na'urar a cikin fakitin ruwa mai tsabta, wanda aka tsara musamman don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik da aikace-aikacen da matsalolin sarari suka kasance babban abin damuwa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban aikace-aikacen wannan LED yana cikin sashin motoci, musamman don hasken kayan haɗin mota. Tsarinsa ya ba da fifikon dacewa da dabarun masana'antu na zamani, gami da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanya atomatik da hanyoyin siyar da infrared (IR) marasa gubar. Siffofi masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke tallafawa amfani da su a cikin yanayi masu wahala sun haɗa da bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hatsari), shirye-shiryen zuwa matakin JEDEC Level 3 na ƙima na danshi, da kuma shiryawa akan tef 12mm na masana'antu da reels 7-inch don sarrafa inganci.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Cikakkiyar fahimtar iyakokin aikin na'urar da aikin ta a cikin daidaitattun yanayi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai dogaro.

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙima

Waɗannan ƙimomi suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba. Manyan ƙima sun haɗa da matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki na 500 mW, matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 400 mA (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin 1/10 da faɗin bugun 0.1ms), da kuma kewayon aikin DC na gaba na ci gaba daga 5 mA zuwa 200 mA. An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya na -40°C zuwa +100°C. Yana iya jure siyar da infrared reflow a matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin 10 seconds.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Gudanar da zafi mai inganci yana da mahimmanci don aikin LED da tsawon rai. Matsakaicin juriya na zafi daga junction zuwa yanayi (RθJA) yawanci shine 50 °C/W lokacin da aka auna akan substrate FR4 tare da kauri 1.6mm da kuma pad na tagulla 16mm². Matsakaicin juriya na zafi daga junction zuwa wurin siyar (RθJS) yawanci shine 30 °C/W, yana ba da hanya kai tsaye don raguwar zafi zuwa cikin allon da'ira (PCB). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na junction (Tj) shine 125°C.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

An auna a zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 140 mA, na'urar tana nuna aikin yau da kullun mai zuwa. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 7.1 candela (cd) zuwa matsakaicin 11.2 cd. Yana da faɗin kusurwar dubawa (2θ½) na digiri 120, wanda aka ayyana azaman kusurwar kashe-axis inda ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial. Fitowar haske tana da siffa ta madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λP) na 625 nm da kuma babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) tsakanin 612 nm da 624 nm, yana ayyana launin amber. Faɗin raƙuman ruwa (Δλ) yana kusan 18 nm. A lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) ya bambanta daga 1.90V zuwa 2.50V a 140 mA, kuma halin yanzu na baya (IR) shine matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 12V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da tsarin lamba uku (misali, F/EA/3) da aka buga akan lakabin.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon ƙarfin lantarki huɗu (C, D, E, F) dangane da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 140 mA, tare da kowane kwandon yana da kewayon 0.15V da juriya na ±0.1V. Misali, kwandon 'F' ya haɗa da LED tare da Vf tsakanin 2.35V da 2.50V.

3.2 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)

An ayyana kwandon ƙarfi biyu (EA, EB). Kwandon 'EA' ya ƙunshi ƙarfin haske daga 7.1 cd zuwa 9.0 cd (kusan 19.5 zuwa 24.8 lumens), yayin da kwandon 'EB' ya ƙunshi 9.0 cd zuwa 11.2 cd (kusan 24.8 zuwa 31.6 lumens). Juriya akan kowane kwandon ƙarfi shine ±11%.

3.3 Binning na Babban Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (Wd)

An sarrafa launin amber ta hanyar kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa uku (2, 3, 4). Kwandon '2' shine na 612-616 nm, kwandon '3' na 616-620 nm, da kwandon '4' na 620-624 nm. Juriya ga kowane kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa shine ±1 nm.

4. Binciken Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da haske game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Rarraba Sararin Samaniya (Tsarin Radiation)

Zanen polar da aka bayar yana kwatanta rarraba ƙarfin haske na sararin samaniya. Lankwasa ta tabbatar da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120, yana nuna tsarin haske mai santsi, faɗi wanda ya dace da LED tare da ruwa mai tsabta dome lens, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi maimakon tabo mai mai da hankali.

4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba & Ƙarfin Hasken

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lankwasa IV da LI amma ba a nuna su a cikin ɓangaren ba, bincike na yau da kullun zai haɗa da bincika dangantakar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF), wanda ba layi ba ne. Hakazalika, lankwasa ƙarfin haske da halin yanzu na gaba yawanci yana nuna ƙarancin haɓaka, inda inganci zai iya raguwa a manyan halayen yanzu saboda tasirin zafi. Masu ƙira suna amfani da waɗannan lankwasa don zaɓar halayen yanzu masu dacewa don cimma haske da ake so yayin sarrafa raguwar wutar lantarki da inganci.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Na'ura da Polarity

Zanen fakitin (wanda aka ambata a cikin takardun bayanan) yana ba da mahimman girmomin injiniya a cikin millimeters, tare da daidaitaccen juriya na ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Bayanin ƙira mai mahimmanci shine cewa ANODE lead frame kuma yana aiki azaman babban mai sanyaya zafi na LED. Gano daidai na anode da cathode (yawanci ana nuna shi ta hanyar alama akan fakitin ko bambancin siffar/girman jagora) yana da mahimmanci don haɗin lantarki daidai.

5.2 Tsarin PCB Pad da Aka Shawarta

An ba da zanen tsarin ƙasa don jagorantar shimfidar PCB don siyar da infrared reflow. Bin wannan tsarin pad da aka shawarata yana da mahimmanci don cimma haɗin siyar da abin dogaro, tabbatar da haɗin zafi da lantarki daidai, da kuma sarrafa hanyar raguwar zafi daga pad na zafi na LED (anode) zuwa cikin PCB.

6. Jagororin Siyarwa, Haɗawa, da Sarrafawa

6.1 Bayanin Siyar da IR Reflow

Takardun bayanan ta ƙayyade bayanan reflow na IR maras gubar wanda ya dace da J-STD-020. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da matakin preheat, ƙayyadaddun ƙimar hawan zafin jiki, matsakaicin zafin jiki na jiki wanda bai wuce 260°C ba, da kuma lokacin da ya wuce liquidus (TAL) wanda ya dace da man siyar da aka yi amfani da shi. Bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana girgizar zafi da lalata fakitin LED ko mutu.

6.2 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi

Wannan samfurin an rarraba shi azaman Matakin Hatsarin Danshi (MSL) 2A bisa ga JEDEC J-STD-020. Lokacin da aka rufe jakar hana danshi, ya kamata a adana shi a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH, tare da lokacin amfani da aka shawarata na shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, ya kamata a adana LED a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH kuma ya kamata a siyar da su cikin shekara guda. Don abubuwan da aka adana daga jakar na tsawon lokaci (>1 shekara), ana shawarar gasa a 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan siyarwa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi da aka ƙayyade. Takardun bayanan ta ba da shawarar nutsar da cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin jiki na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy na LED ko fakitin.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel

Ana ba da LED akan tef 12mm mai faɗi mai ɗaukar kaya wanda aka nannade akan reels mai diamita 7-inch (178mm). Daidaitaccen adadin reel shine 1000 guda. Tef yana amfani da murfin saman don rufe aljihunan fanko. Fakitin yana bin ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481. Don sauran adadi, akwai mafi ƙarancin fakitin 500 guda.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

8.1 Amfani da Manufa da Iyakoki

An tsara wannan LED don kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun, gami da takamaiman aikace-aikacen kayan haɗin mota. Ba a yi niyya don amfani da shi a cikin tsarin mahimmanci na aminci ko tallafin rai (misali, jiragen sama, na'urorin likita) ba tare da tuntuɓar farko da ƙwarewa ta musamman ba. Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen dogaro mai girma, ana buƙatar samfuran musamman tare da takaddun shaida masu dacewa.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira na Da'ira

1. Ƙuntata Halin Yanzu:LED na'urori ne masu motsa halin yanzu. Resistor na jerin ko da'irar direba mai ci gaba dole ne don iyakance halin yanzu na gaba zuwa cikin kewayon DC 5-200 mA da kuma hana lalacewa daga wuce gona da iri. Zaɓin halin yanzu zai shafi haske kai tsaye, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, da zafin jiki na junction.
2. Gudanar da Zafi:Don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai, dole ne kada a wuce matsakaicin zafin jiki na junction na 125°C. Wannan yana buƙatar ƙira mai kyau na PCB: amfani da girman pad da aka shawarata, haɗa vias na zafi a ƙarƙashin pad na anode don kai zafi zuwa cikin tagulla na ciki ko na ƙasa, da kuma tabbatar da isasshen iska a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.
3. Kariya ta Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Na'urar tana da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 12V (don dalilai na gwaji kawai) kuma ba a tsara ta don aiki a cikin bias na baya ba. A cikin da'irori inda ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai yiwu (misali, haɗin AC ko a cikin jerin/layukan layi), kariya ta waje kamar diode mai layi dole ne.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) amber LED, wannan na'urar mai tushen AlInGaP tana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na launi da fitarwa. Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 da ruwa mai tsabta ya ba da ya ba da haske mai faɗi, mafi daidaito idan aka kwatanta da LED tare da ruwan tabarau masu watsewa ko kunkuntar kusurwa, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen nuni da hasken baya inda ake buƙatar ganuwa mai faɗi. Dacewarta da haɗin SMT atomatik da daidaitattun bayanan reflow na IR sun bambanta shi da LED na rami, yana ba da damar ƙirar ƙira mai ƙarancin farashi, mai girma.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa da babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa?
A: Madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λP) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda bakan fitarwa yana da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda, lokacin da aka haɗa shi da takamaiman tunani na fari, ya dace da launin da ake ganin LED. λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a aikace-aikace.

Q: Zan iya fitar da wannan LED tare da wadata 3.3V ba tare da resistor mai iyakancewa ba?
A: A'a. Tare da Vf na yau da kullun na kusan 2.2V, haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 3.3V zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu, mai yiwuwa ya wuce matsakaicin 200 mA kuma ya lalata LED. Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor na jerin ko direba mai ci gaba.

Q: Me yasa anode kuma shine mai sanyaya zafi?
A: A yawancin fakitin SMD LED, ɗaya daga cikin jagororin lantarki (sau da yawan anode) yana da girma a zahiri kuma an haɗa shi da pad na zafi a ƙarƙashin guntu. Wannan ƙirar tana ba da hanyar ƙarancin juriya don zafi ya kwarara daga junction na semiconductor zuwa PCB, yana inganta aikin zafi.

Q: Menene ma'anar "preconditioning zuwa matakin JEDEC 3"?
A: Yana nufin cewa an sanya LED zuwa gwajin daidaitaccen sha na danshi da kuma gwajin kwaikwayo na reflow (JEDEC Level 3) yayin cancanta. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa za su iya jure danshi da zafin aikin siyar da reflow na yau da kullun bayan an fallasa su zuwa yanayin bene na masana'anta na takamaiman lokaci (sauri 168).

11. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Hasken Dashboard don Kayan Haɗin Mota
Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar allon sarrafawa mai haske don kayan haɗin mota na bayan kasuwa. Suna buƙatar mai ƙarfi, mai haske amber nuni don maɓallin zaɓin yanayi. Sun zaɓi wannan LED don dacewarta da mota, faɗin kusurwar dubawa (tabbatar da ganuwa daga matsayin direba daban-daban), da dacewa da haɗin PCB atomatik. A cikin ƙirar su, sun:
1. Yi amfani da IC direba mai ci gaba da aka saita zuwa 140 mA don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a duk raka'o'in da kuma rama ƙananan bambance-bambancen Vf.
2. Ƙirƙiri PCB tare da daidaitaccen tsarin ƙasa da aka shawarata, gami da gungu na vias na zafi a ƙarƙashin pad na anode da aka haɗa zuwa babban filin ƙasa akan Layer na ciki don yada zafi.
3. Ƙayyade lambar kwandon F/EB/3 ga mai siyar da su don tabbatar da sarrafa launi (620-624 nm babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa) da babban haske (9.0-11.2 cd).
4. Bi bayanin reflow na J-STD-020 yayin masana'antu da aiwatar da hanyoyin sarrafawa masu dacewa don abubuwan MSL 2A.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED yana dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) da aka girma akan substrate. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan junction pn, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na fitowar haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan AlInGaP, wanda aka ƙera yayin tsarin girma na crystal don samar da hasken amber (~612-624 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe mutuwar semiconductor, yana ba da kariyar muhalli, kuma yana siffata hasken da aka fitar zuwa tsarin radiation da ake so (kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 a wannan yanayin).

13. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin SMD LED don motoci da hasken gabaɗaya yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi da kwanciyar hankali akan zafin jiki da tsawon rai, da kuma ƙara yawan wutar lantarki a cikin ƙananan fakitoci. Hakanan akwai yunƙurin faɗaɗa amfani da dabarun fakitin ci gaba don inganta aikin zafi. Don alamun amber, AlInGaP ya kasance babban fasahar inganci mai girma. Bincike yana ci gaba zuwa cikin kayan gaba kamar perovskite semiconductors don aikace-aikacen gaba mai yuwuwa, amma ana sa ran AlInGaP zai ci gaba da yaɗuwa a cikin sashin motoci saboda ingantaccen dogaro, aiki, da ingancin farashi.