Bayanin Fasaha na LED LTSA-G6SPVAKTU - Amber AlInGaP - 140mA - 2.65V - 530mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na LED na'urar da aka haɗa a saman (SMD) wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikace masu dogaro sosai. Kayan yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da hasken amber, an kulle shi a cikin fakitin ruwa mai tsabta. An ƙera shi don cika ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun tsarin haɗa na'urorin lantarki na zamani da kuma yanayin aiki mai wahala.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idodin ƙira na wannan LED sun haɗa da dacewarsa da kayan aikin sarrafa kai da tsarin haɗa gishiri na infrared (IR) na yau da kullun, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga masana'antu masu yawa. Fakitin ya yi daidai da ma'auni na EIA, yana tabbatar da musanya da sauƙin haɗawa cikin tsarin PCB na yanzu. Babban cancantarsa akan ma'aunin AEC-Q101, Bita D, yana nuna dacewarsa don na'urorin lantarki na mota, musamman don aikace-aikacen kayan haɗi marasa mahimmanci a cikin motoci. Kayan yana kuma bin ka'idar Hana Abubuwa Masu Haɗari (RoHS).

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Ana ayyana aikin LED a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi, yawanci ana auna shi a yanayin zafi (Ta) na 25°C.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi ba. Babban iyakoki sun haɗa da matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki na 530mW, matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 400mA (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin 1/10 da faɗin bugun 0.1ms), da kewayon halin yanzu na DC na ci gaba daga 5mA zuwa 200mA. Ana ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya na -40°C zuwa +110°C. Yana iya jurewa Rarraba Lantarki (ESD) har zuwa 2kV bisa Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM, Aji 2 bisa ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001). Fakitin zai iya jure haɗa gishiri na infrared a matsakaicin zafin 260°C har zuwa dakika 10, wanda shine ma'auni don tsarin haɗawa mara gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halayen Zafi

Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED da tsawon rai. Juriyar zafi daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa iska (RθJA) yawanci 50°C/W lokacin da aka ɗora shi akan PCB na FR4 na yau da kullun tare da kauri 1.6mm da kuma kushin tagulla 16mm². Juriyar zafi daga haɗin zuwa wurin haɗa gishiri (RθJS) yawanci 30°C/W, yana ba da hanya kai tsaye don kawar da zafi cikin allon kewaye. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin da aka yarda (Tj) shine 125°C. Wuce wannan zafin zai hanzarta lalacewar fitar da haske kuma zai iya haifar da gazawa mai tsanani.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na yau da kullun na aiki da aka auna a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun (IF = 140mA, Ta=25°C). Ƙarfin haske (Iv) ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin candela (cd) 7.1 zuwa matsakaicin 11.2 cd. Rarraba sararin samaniya na haske yana da alaƙa da faɗin kusurwar kallo (2θ½) na digiri 120, ma'ana ƙarfin haske shine rabin matsakaicin ƙimarsa a ±60 digiri daga tsakiyar axis. Fitowar haske yana kololuwa a tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λP) na kusan nanomita 625 (nm). Babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, an ƙayyade shi tsakanin 612 nm da 624 nm. Faɗin bakan (Δλ), wanda ke nuna tsaftar launi, yawanci 18 nm. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) da ake buƙata don tuƙi LED a 140mA ya bambanta daga 1.90V zuwa 2.65V. Halin yanzu na baya (IR) yawanci 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da karkatar da baya na 12V, ko da yake ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a cikin karkatar da baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba Bin

Don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace, ana rarraba LED cikin kwandon aiki bisa mahimman ma'auni bayan ƙirƙira. Lambar kwandon, da aka buga akan lakabin samfur, tana bin tsari: Vf Rank / Iv Rank / Wd Rank (misali, F/EA/3).

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)

Ana rarraba LED cikin kwandon ƙarfin lantarki guda biyar (C har zuwa G) bisa raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 140mA. Kwandon C ya ƙunshi 1.90V zuwa 2.05V, Kwandon D: 2.05V zuwa 2.20V, Kwandon E: 2.20V zuwa 2.35V, Kwandon F: 2.35V zuwa 2.50V, da Kwandon G: 2.50V zuwa 2.65V. Kowane kwandon yana da jurewar ±0.1V. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da buƙatun ƙarfin lantarki masu daidaito don da'irori na ƙayyade halin yanzu.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)

Ana rarraba fitar da haske cikin kwandon ƙarfi guda biyu. Kwandon EA yana da kewayon ƙarfi na 7.1 cd zuwa 9.0 cd (daidai da 20.0 zuwa 25.2 lumens), yayin da Kwandon EB ya bambanta daga 9.0 cd zuwa 11.2 cd (25.2 zuwa 31.3 lumens). Jurewar kowane kwandon ƙarfi shine ±11%. Wannan rarrabuwar yana tabbatar da haske iri ɗaya a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar LED da yawa.

3.3 Rarraba Babban Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (Wd)

Ana rarraba launi (babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa) cikin kwandon guda uku don kiyaye daidaiton launi. Kwandon 2: 612 nm zuwa 616 nm, Kwandon 3: 616 nm zuwa 620 nm, da Kwandon 4: 620 nm zuwa 624 nm. Jurewar kowane kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa shine ±1 nm. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar daidaiton launi, kamar a cikin gungu na nuna alama ko hasken baya.

4. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto yana ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Lankwasa halayya tana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) da ƙarfin haske na dangi. Fitar haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma ta hanyar da ba ta layi ba. Yin aiki sosai sama da halin yanzu da aka ba da shawarar (misali, 200mA) na iya haifar da raguwar dawowa a cikin fitar da haske yayin da yake ƙara haɓakar zafi da hanzarta lalacewa. Lankwasa yana jaddada mahimmancin tuƙi daidai na halin yanzu, yawanci ta hanyar tushen halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu.

4.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lankwasa IV yana kwatanta alaƙar diode mai ma'ana tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na \"gwiwa\", inda halin yanzu ya fara ƙaruwa da sauri, yana da alaƙa da tsarin kayan AlInGaP. Lankwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi, yana tabbatar da isasshen sararin samaniya na ƙarfin lantarki daga wutar lantarki don cimma halin yanzu na aiki da ake so a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon VF da kuma canjin zafi.

4.3 Rarraba Sararin Samaniya (Tsarin Radiation)

Zanen polar yana nuna tsarin radiation na sararin samaniya, yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 120. Tsarin yawanci Lambertian ne ko kusa da Lambertian, ma'ana ƙarfin yana daidai da cosine na kusurwar kallo. Wannan faɗin, rarraba daidai yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar hasken yanki mai faɗi ko ganuwa mai faɗi, kamar alamomin matsayi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Fakitin da Polarity

LED ya yi daidai da ƙafar SMD na yau da kullun. Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya suna ƙayyade tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da jimlar jurewa (yawanci ±0.2mm). Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa jagoran anode shima yana aiki azaman babban mai sanyaya zafi na na'urar. Ƙirar kushin PCB da ta dace dole ne ta haɗa da wannan kushin anode don sauƙaƙe kawar da zafi mai inganci. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alamar gani, kamar tsaga ko alama kore akan fakitin.

5.2 Tsarin Kushin PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara

Zanen yana nuna mafi kyawun ƙirar kushin tagulla akan allon kewaye don haɗa gishiri na infrared. Wannan shimfidar yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gishiri mai dogaro, canja wurin zafi daidai daga mai sanyaya zafi na LED (anode) zuwa PCB, da kuma rage haɗarin kabari (ƙarshen ɗaya yana ɗagawa yayin sake kwarara). Girman kushin da siffa an ƙera su don dacewa da firam ɗin jagora don matsakaicin iya haɗa gishiri da ƙarfin injiniya.

6. Jagorar Haɗa Gishiri, Haɗawa, da Sarrafawa

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Haɗa Gishiri na IR

Cikakken zanen zafi-lokaci yana ƙayyade shawarar siffar sake kwarara don manne gishiri mara gubar, bisa J-STD-020. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da ƙimar hawan zafin jiki, lokacin jiƙa da zafin jiki, lokacin sama da ruwa (TAL), matsakaicin zafin jiki (ba ya wuce 260°C), da ƙimar sanyaya. Yin bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana girgiza zafi, rabuwa, ko lahani na haɗin gishiri yayin da yake tabbatar da cewa na'urar mai hankali ga danshi (MSL Level 2) an sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata.

6.2 Ajiya da Hankali ga Danshi

An rarraba LED a matsayin Matakin Hankali ga Danshi (MSL) 2 bisa JEDEC J-STD-020. A cikin jakar shinge na danshi da aka rufe tare da busasshiyar, tana da tsawon rai na shekara guda lokacin da aka adana a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, dole ne a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin ƙayyadaddun rayuwar bene (yawanci sa'o'i 168 don MSL2 a ≤30°C/60% RH) ko a sake gasa su (misali, 60°C na awanni 48) kafin sake kwarara don hana lalacewar \"popcorning\" daga danshin da aka sha yana tururi yayin haɗa gishiri.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗa gishiri, kawai dole ne a yi amfani da kaushi da aka ƙayyade. Nitse LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana yarda. Tsattsauran ko sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko alamomin fakitin.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Marufi na Tepe da Reel

Don haɗawa ta atomatik, ana samar da LED a cikin tepe mai ɗaukar kaya, an rufe shi da tepe mai rufi. Girman tepe, girman aljihu, da alkiblar ciyarwa an ƙayyade su bisa ma'auni na EIA-481. Ana jujjuya abubuwan a kan reels na diamita 7-inch (178mm) na yau da kullun. Cikakken reel ya ƙunshi guda 1000. Reels na ɓangare (ragowa) suna da mafi ƙarancin adadin oda na guda 500. Ƙayyadaddun marufi kuma yana ayyana matsakaicin adadin aljihu fanko na ci gaba (biyu).

7.2 Girman Reel

Zane-zane na injiniya suna dalla-dalla diamita na cibiyar, diamita na flange, faɗin gabaɗaya, da fasalolin maɓalli don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin ciyar da SMT na yau da kullun.

8. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Manufa

Babban yanki na aikace-aikace shine na'urorin lantarki na mota, musamman don ayyukan kayan haɗi. Wannan ya haɗa da hasken ciki, hasken baya na dashboard don alamomin da ba su da mahimmanci, hasken tsakiyar kwamfuta, da sauran aikace-aikacen siginar da ba su da mahimmanci ga aminci a cikin mota. Cancantar AEC-Q101 ɗinsa yana ba da tabbaci ga zafin jiki, danshi, da damuwa na aiki na yau da kullun a cikin yanayin mota.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Tukin Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da direban halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Lissafa ƙimar resistor bisa ƙarfin lantarki (Vcc), matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (VF max daga kwandon), da halin yanzu na aiki da ake so (IF). Yi amfani da dabara: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF. Tabbatar cewa ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor ya isa (P = (Vcc - VF) * IF).
• Gudanar da Zafi:Anode shine kushin zafi. Ƙirar PCB tare da isasshen zubar da tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa wannan kushin don yin aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi. Don aiki mai ƙarfin halin yanzu ko babban zafin yanayi, hanyoyin zafi zuwa yadudduka na ciki ko na ƙasa na iya inganta kawar da zafi sosai da kuma kiyaye ƙaramin zafin haɗin.
• Kariya ta ESD:Ko da yake an ƙididdige shi don 2kV HBM, ana ba da shawarar aiwatar da diodes na kariya na ESD akan layukan shigarwa masu hankali ko amfani da ayyukan sarrafawa masu ɗaukar lantarki a yankin haɗawa don haɓaka dogaro.
• Ƙirar Gani:Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 tana ba da ɗaukar hoto mai faɗi. Don haske mai mai da hankali, ana iya buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu na waje (ruwan tabarau). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake son ainihin launin amber guntu.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na rami na yau da kullun, wannan ɓangaren SMD yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci: ƙaramin ƙafa, ƙaramin bayani don ƙira mai siriri, mafi dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik, da mafi kyawun aikin zafi ta hanyar PCB. A cikin ɓangaren LED na amber SMD, manyan bambance-bambancensa sune takamaiman cancantar AEC-Q101 don amfani da mota, faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120, da cikakken tsarin rarrabuwa don daidaiton launi da ƙarfi. Amfani da fasahar AlInGaP yawanci yana ba da inganci mafi girma da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP don launukan amber.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na kololuwa da babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa?

Tsayin raƙuman ruwa na kololuwa (λP) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma. Babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) an samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya na haske mai launi guda ɗaya wanda zai dace da launin da ake gani na LED. λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a aikace-aikace.

10.3 Shin wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da suka shafi aminci kamar fitilun birki ko alamun juyawa?

A'a. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya bambanta har zuwa 2.65V. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen 3.3V zai tilasta halin yanzu wanda kawai juriya mai motsi na diode da juriya na ciki na tushe ke iyakancewa, mai yiwuwa ya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu kuma ya lalata LED nan take. Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko mai sarrafawa.

10.3 Shin wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da suka shafi aminci kamar fitilun birki ko alamun juyawa?

Bayanin bayanin ya faɗi a sarari cewa an yi niyya don \"aikace-aikacen kayan haɗi\" kuma yana ba da shawarar tuntubar masana'anta don aikace-aikacen da gazawar za ta iya jefa aminci cikin haɗari. Don ayyuka masu mahimmanci ga aminci kamar siginar waje, ya kamata a zaɓi abubuwan da suka fi ƙarfi (misali, AEC-Q102 don LED masu rarrabuwa) kuma mai yiwuwa maki aminci daban-daban.

10.4 Ta yaya zan fassara lambar kwandon F/EA/3 akan lakabin?

Wannan yana nuna takamaiman rukunin aiki: F = Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba tsakanin 2.35V da 2.50V. EA = Ƙarfin Hasken tsakanin 7.1 cd da 9.0 cd. 3 = Babban Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa tsakanin 616 nm da 620 nm. Wannan yana ba da damar daidaita LED daidai a cikin rukunin samarwa ɗaya ko aikin.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar alamar matsayi don maɓallin sarrafa nishaɗi na mota. Dole ne a iya ganin alamar daga kusurwa mai faɗi, yin aiki daga tsarin 12V na mota (an daidaita shi zuwa 5V a cikin gida), da kuma kiyaye launi da haske iri ɗaya.

Aiwa:

1. Zaɓi:Zaɓi LED daga Kwandon F/EB/3 don mafi girman haske (EB) da launin orange-amber iri ɗaya (Kwandon 3). Ana lura da kwandon ƙarfin lantarki (F) don ƙirar direba.
2. Zane:Yi amfani da layin dogo na 5V. Lissafa resistor na jerin: R = (5V - 2.5V_max) / 0.14A ≈ 17.9Ω. Zaɓi resistor na yau da kullun 18Ω tare da ƙimar wutar lantarki aƙalla (5V-2.5V)*0.14A = 0.35W; ana ba da shawarar resistor 0.5W.
3. Shimfidar PCB:Ƙirar ƙafar bisa ga shimfidar kushin da aka ba da shawarar. Haɗa kushin anode zuwa babban zubar da tagulla a saman saman, an ɗinka shi da hanyoyin zafi da yawa zuwa jirgin ƙasa na ciki don sanyaya zafi. Sanya resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu kusa da LED.
4. Haɗawa:Bi bayanin siffar sake kwarara na IR. Tabbatar cewa an yi amfani da reel a cikin rayuwarsa ta bene bayan buɗe jakar shinge na danshi.
5. Sakamako:Alama mai dogaro, mai haske iri ɗaya, mai faɗin kusurwa amber wanda ya dace da yanayin ɗakin mota.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) da aka girma akan substrate. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman rabo na aluminum, indium, da gallium a cikin lattice crystal yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yayi daidai da tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, amber (~615nm). Rufe na epoxy mai tsabta yana kare guntu na semiconductor, yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffanta fitar da haske, kuma yana iya ƙunsar phosphors ko rini (ko da yake don LED na amber AlInGaP mai tsabta, yawanci yana bayyana). Jagoran anode da cathode suna ba da haɗin lantarki da haɗin injiniya, tare da firam ɗin anode da aka ƙera don tafiyar da zafi mai inganci daga haɗin aiki.

13. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Babban yanayin a cikin LED na SMD don aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu yana zuwa ga inganci mafi girma (lumens mafi yawa a kowace watt), ƙarfin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ingantaccen dogaro a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsananin zafi da danshi, da ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin rarrabuwa. Hakanan akwai yunƙuri zuwa ƙananan ƙira yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin zafi. Karɓar kayan ci gaba da dabarun marufi, kamar ƙirar jujjuyawar guntu da kayan aikin yumbu, suna ci gaba da tura waɗannan iyakoki. Bugu da ƙari, haɗawa tare da direbobi da da'irori na sarrafawa cikin \"LED mai hankali\" modules wani sabon salo ne don tsarin haske mai sarƙaƙiya. Abin da aka kwatanta a nan yana wakiltar cikakkiyar mafita mai dogaro a cikin mafi girman yanayin na'urorin gani na saman-mount, yana daidaita aiki, farashi, da iya ƙirƙira don aikace-aikacen manufarsa.