Bayanin SMD LED 0201 Blue - Girman 0.6x0.3x0.25mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.8-3.8V - Ƙarfin Wuta 80mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana cikakken bayyana ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ƙaramin Na'urar Haske mai Haɓakawa (LED) mai Haɗawa da Surface-Mount Device (SMD) a cikin girman fakitin 0201. An ƙera wannan kayan don haɗa kai tsaye na allon da'ira (PCB) kuma yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. LED yana fitar da hasken shuɗi ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride), tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta don mafi kyawun fitar da haske.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙarancin girmansa, dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik, da kuma dacewa da hanyoyin gyarawa na infrared (IR) marasa gubar. An ƙera shi don cika ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu Haɗari). Aikace-aikacensa sun ƙunshi nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga alamun matsayi, hasken baya ga allon gaba da maɓallai, fitilun sigina a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori na sarrafa ofis, kayan aikin gida, da alamun cikin gida. Ƙaramin girmansa yana sa shi musamman mai mahimmanci a cikin na'urori masu ɗauka kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin hannu, da fasahar sawa.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Manufa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani game da iyakokin aiki da halayen aikin LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ana ƙayyade waɗannan ƙimar a yanayin zafin jiki (Ta) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na gaba (IF) shine 20 mA. Ana iya samun mafi girman ƙarfin gaba na 100 mA amma kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1 ms. Matsakaicin raguwar wuta shine 80 mW. Ana ƙididdige na'urar don aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana shi a cikin yanayi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Ana auna Halayen Lantarki da Haske a Ta=25°C tare da ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da kewayon na yau da kullun daga 90.0 mcd zuwa 224.0 mcd, ana auna shi ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic. Kallon kusurwa (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, yawanci digiri 110 ne, yana nuna faɗin tsarin kallo. Tsawon tsayin fitarwa (λp) yana tsakiya a 468 nm. Tsawon tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, yana tsakanin 465 nm zuwa 475 nm. Faɗin bandwidth na gani (Δλ) yana kusan 25 nm. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) da ake buƙata don fitar da 20 mA ta cikin LED yawanci yana tsakanin 2.8 V zuwa 3.8 V. Ƙarfin baya (IR) an ƙayyade shi ya zama 10 μA matsakaici a ƙarfin baya (VR) na 5V; yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bin bisa mahimman ma'auni. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun launi, haske, da halayen lantarki.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF)

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bin ƙarfin wutar lantarki guda biyar (D7 har zuwa D11). Kowane kwandon bin yana wakiltar kewayon 0.2 V, farawa daga 2.8-3.0 V (D7) har zuwa 3.6-3.8 V (D11). Haƙuri a cikin kowane kwandon bin shine ±0.10 V. Wannan rarrabawar yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu ƙarfi na mai tuƙi, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a jere.

3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske (IV)

Ana rarraba fitar da haske zuwa kwandon bin ƙarfi guda huɗu: Q2 (90.0-112.0 mcd), R1 (112.0-140.0 mcd), R2 (140.0-180.0 mcd), da S1 (180.0-224.0 mcd). Haƙuri ga kowane kwandon bin ƙarfi shine ±11%. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓi bisa buƙatun hasken aikace-aikace, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin tsararrun LED da yawa.

3.3 Rarrabawar Tsawon Tsayin da ya fi Rinjaye (WD)

Ana sarrafa launi (tsawon tsayin da ya fi rinjaye) ta hanyar kwandon bin guda biyu: AC (465.0-470.0 nm) da AD (470.0-475.0 nm). Haƙuri ga kowane kwandon bin tsawon tsayi shine ±1 nm. Wannan matsananciyar sarrafawa tana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar takamaiman maki launi ko haɗa launi.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lanƙwasa a cikin takardar bayanai (misali, Hoto na 1 don rarraba gani, Hoto na 5 don kallon kusurwa), ana bincika abubuwan da suka saba nunawa a nan. Halayen ƙarfin gaba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (I-V) zai nuna alaƙar da ta dace da diode. Ƙarfin haske gabaɗaya yana daidai da ƙarfin gaba a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon aiki. Tsawon tsayin fitarwa na iya nuna ɗan ƙaramar canji mara kyau tare da ƙara zafin haɗin gwiwa, ma'ana hasken shuɗi na iya zama ɗan gajarta a cikin tsawon tsayi yayin da na'urar ke dumama. Faɗin kallon kusurwa na digiri 110 yana nuna tsarin fitarwa kusa da Lambertian, yana ba da kyakkyawar ganin kashe-axis.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

LED ya yi daidai da tsarin fakitin EIA 0201. Mahimman girmansa sun haɗa da tsawon jiki na yau da kullun na 0.6 mm, faɗin 0.3 mm, da tsayi na 0.25 mm. Duk haƙuri na girma shine ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade akasin haka. Fakitin yana da tashoshi biyu na anode/cathode don haɗawa da surface.

5.2 Pad ɗin Haɗin PCB da aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa don gyarawa mai aminci. An inganta shimfidar pad ɗin da aka ba da shawarar don hanyoyin sake karkatar da infrared ko tururi, yana tabbatar da samar da fillet ɗin gyarawa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Bin wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci don hana kabari (kayan aiki suna tsaye a ƙarshe ɗaya) yayin sake karkatarwa, musamman ga irin wannan ƙaramin kayan aiki.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Dole ne a lura da polarity yayin haɗawa. Dole ne a duba takardar bayanai don takamaiman alama ko tsarin gida wanda ke gano cathode. Haɗin polarity mara daidaituwa zai hana LED haskakawa kuma amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya fiye da matsakaicin ƙima na iya lalata na'urar.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Sake Karkatar da IR

An ba da shawarar bayanin sake karkatarwa wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B don hanyoyin marasa gubar (Pb-free). Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da yankin preheat (yawanci 150-200°C har zuwa dakika 120), sarrafa rampa zuwa matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin da ya wuce liquidus (TAL) wanda ya dace da man gyarawa da aka yi amfani da shi. Jimlar lokacin a matsakaicin zafin jiki yakamata a iyakance zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10. An jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man gyarawa, da tanda, don haka ana ba da shawarar siffanta matakin allon.

6.2 Gyarawar Hannu

Idan gyarawar hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan. Zafin ƙarshen guntun gyarawa bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar tare da tashar LED yakamata a iyakance zuwa matsakaicin dakika 3 don taron gyarawa ɗaya kawai. Zafi mai yawa na iya lalata gidan semiconductor ko fakitin filastik.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya da Sarrafawa

LED suna da damuwa da danshi. Lokacin da aka adana su a cikin jakar su ta asali mai rufewa mai hana danshi tare da desiccant, yakamata a kiyaye su a ≤30°C da ≤70% Danshi Dangi (RH) kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, \"rayuwar bene\" shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) a ƙarƙashin yanayin ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Abubuwan da aka fallasa fiye da wannan lokacin suna buƙatar hanyar gasa (kusan 60°C na akalla sa'o'i 48) don cire danshin da aka sha kafin sake karkatarwa don hana \"popcorning\" ko fashewar fakitin yayin gyarawa.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gyarawa, kawai yakamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Nitsar LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da kyau. Amfani da sinadarai marasa ƙayyadaddun bayanai ko masu ƙarfi na iya lalata kayan fakitin, ruwan tabarau, ko haɗin gwiwa na ciki.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana samar da LED da aka yi fakitin don haɗawa ta atomatik. An ɗora su a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 12 mm. Ana jujjuya wannan kaset ɗin zuwa daidaitaccen reel mai diamita 7-inch (178 mm). Kowane cikakken reel yana ɗauke da guda 4000. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, akwai mafi ƙarancin adadin fakitin na guda 500. Fakitin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ANSI/EIA-481.

7.2 Fahimtar Lambar Sashe

Lambar sashe yawanci tana ɓoye mahimman halaye. Yayin da cikakken alamar suna na iya zama na mallakar mallaka, gabaɗaya yana haɗa da girman fakitin (0201), launi (Blue, wanda aka nuna shi da \"B\"), da yuwuwar lambobin kwandon bin aiki. Ana gano ainihin samfurin ta cikakken lambar sashe kamar yadda aka jera a cikin taken takardar bayanai.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Dole ne a tuƙi LED tare da tushen ƙarfi na yau da kullun, ba ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba, don aiki mai tsayi da aminci. Resistor na jere mai sauƙi shine mafi yawan hanyar iyakance ƙarfi. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) kamar R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba daga takardar bayanai (ta amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya) kuma IF shine ƙarfin gaba da ake so (misali, 20 mA). Misali, tare da samar da 5V da VF na 3.8V, R = (5 - 3.8) / 0.02 = 60 Ω. Ƙimar resistor na yau da kullun na 62 Ω ko 68 Ω zai dace. Don daidaito ko aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da baturi, ana ba da shawarar takamaiman ICs masu tuƙi na LED.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Bayanan Kula

Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake raguwar wuta yana da ƙasa (80 mW matsakaici), tabbatar da isasshen yankin jan ƙarfe na PCB a kusa da pad ɗin yana taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi, kiyaye ingancin LED da tsawon rai, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.
Kariya ta ESD:Kamar duk na'urorin semiconductor, LED suna da hankali ga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD). Yakamata a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD da suka dace yayin haɗawa.
Ƙirar Gani:Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana ba da tushen maki mai haske. Don fitar da haske ko siffa, za a iya haɗa jagororin haske na waje, masu watsawa, ko ruwan tabarau a cikin gidan samfurin.
Rage Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki:Aiki da LED a ƙarfin wutar lantarki ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙima (misali, 15 mA maimakon 20 mA) na iya inganta rayuwarsa ta aiki sosai da rage damuwa na zafi.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Fakitin 0201 yana wakiltar ɗayan mafi ƙanƙan ƙafafun SMD LED da ake samu a kasuwa, yana ba da fa'ida mai girma na girma fiye da fakitin 0402 ko 0603 don ƙira masu ƙanƙanta. Amfani da fasahar InGaN yana ba da fitar da hasken shuɗi mai inganci. Haɗin faɗin kallon kusurwa na digiri 110 da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta ya bambanta shi da bambance-bambancen kusurwa ko ruwan tabarau mai watsawa, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin gani. Dacewarsa da daidaitattun bayanan sake karkatarwa marasa gubar ya daidaita shi da hanyoyin samarwa na zamani, masu bin ka'idojin RoHS.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED tare da samar da 3.3V?
A: Ee, amma ana buƙatar ƙira mai hankali. Tunda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (2.8-3.8V) yana kusa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ƙimar resistor mai iyakance ƙarfi zai zama ƙanƙanta sosai, yana sa ƙarfin ya zama mai hankali ga bambance-bambance a cikin VF da Vsupply. Ana ba da shawarar takamaiman mai tuƙi na ƙarfi na yau da kullun mai raguwa don aiki mai tsayi daga layin dogo na 3.3V.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayi da tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye?
A: Tsawon tsayi (λp) shine tsayin tsayin mafi girman matsayi a cikin lanƙwasa fitarwa na gani na LED. Tsawon tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige wacce ke wakiltar tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya ga idon ɗan adam. λd ya fi dacewa don fahimtar launi da daidaitawa.
Q: Me yasa akwai ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin baya idan ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin baya ba?
A: Ƙarfin baya (IR) ƙayyadaddun bayanin yabo ne da aka gwada a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin baya na 5V da aka sarrafa. Gwajin inganci da ma'auni ne, ba yanayin aiki ba. Amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya a cikin da'ira na iya lalata na'urar.
Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon bin lokacin yin oda?
A: Kuna iya ƙayyade lambobin kwandon bin VF, IV, da WD da ake so (misali, D9, R2, AC) don tabbatar da samun LED tare da halaye masu matsewa don aikace-aikacenku, ko da yake wannan na iya shafar samuwa da farashi.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Shari'ar Amfani

Shari'a: Alamar Matsayi akan PCB na Na'urar Sawa
Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar na'urar bin diddigin motsa jiki. Sararin allon yana da iyaka sosai. Ana buƙatar LED shuɗi guda ɗaya don nuna matsayin haɗin Bluetooth da ƙarancin baturi. An zaɓi LED 0201 saboda ƙarancin ƙafafunsa. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi kwandon bin ƙarfi R1 (112-140 mcd) don isasshen gani. Ana tuƙi LED ta hanyar filin GPIO akan microcontroller na tsarin ta hanyar resistor na jere na 100Ω (wanda aka ƙididdige shi don baturi na 3.0V da VF na yau da kullun). Tsarin PCB yana bin ƙirar pad ɗin da aka ba da shawarar. Yayin haɗawa, mai kera yana amfani da bayanan sake karkatarwa marasa gubar da aka bayar. Abubuwan da ke da hankali ga danshi ana gasa su kafin amfani da su kamar yadda aka adana PCB fiye da mako guda bayan an buɗe reel. Samfurin ƙarshe yana da alamar matsayi mai aminci, mai haske wanda ke ɗaukar ƙaramin sarari da wuta.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Launi (tsawon tsayi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta hanyar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Wannan takamaiman LED yana amfani da semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride), wanda ke da bandgap daidai da fitar da hasken shuɗi. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe gidan semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, da kuma siffanta tsarin fitar da haske.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin LED na nuni da hasken baya yana ci gaba zuwa ƙarin ƙanƙanta, ƙara inganci (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace naúrar wutar lantarki, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens a kowace watt), da ƙarin aminci. Ƙirar fakitin suna haɓaka don inganta aikin zafi, yana ba da damar mafi girman ƙarfin tuƙi a cikin ƙananan fakitin. Hakanan akwai ci gaba a cikin kwanciyar hankali na tsawon tsayi akan zafin jiki da tsawon rai. Amfani da manyan kayan semiconductor da dabarun girma na epitaxial yana ba da damar ƙarin sarrafa maki launi da mafi girman haske daga ƙananan girman guntu. Haɗin kai, kamar haɗa resistor masu iyakance ƙarfi ko diode na kariya a cikin fakitin LED da kansa, wani trend ne don sauƙaƙa ƙirar da'ira da adana sararin allon.