Bayanin Fasaha na LED SMD 42-21A Blue - Kunshin 2.0x1.25x1.1mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.7-3.7V - Ƙarfin Wuta 95mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur 42-21A ƙaramin LED blue ne mai haɗawa da saman, wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar amintaccen aiki da ingantaccen haɗawa. Ta amfani da fasahar guntu na InGaN, wannan kayan yana fitar da hasken blue tare da matsakaicin tsawon zango mai rinjaye na 468 nm. Babban fa'idarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙaramin ƙafarsa, wanda ke ba da damar rage girman PCB sosai kuma yana ba da damar yin ƙima mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da LED na ginshiƙan gubar na gargajiya. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga ƙananan kayan aikin masu amfani. Ana ba da na'urar akan kaset na mm 8 da aka ɗora akan reels masu diamita inci 7, wanda ya sa ya dace da layukan haɗawa na atomatik, don haka yana daidaita hanyoyin masana'antu masu yawa.

2. Siffofi Masu Muhimmanci da Bin Ka'idoji LED yana ɗauke da siffofi da yawa masu mahimmanci don ƙira da masana'antu na zamani: - An kunna akan kaset na mm 8 don reels inci 7, an inganta shi don haɗawa ta atomatik. - Ya dace da hanyoyin solder na reflow na infrared (IR) da tururi. - An gina shi azaman nau'in launi ɗaya (blue). - An ƙera shi azaman kayan aiki mara gubar (Pb-free). - Samfurin ya bi ka'idar RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari). - Ana kiyaye bin ka'idojin EU REACH. - An rarraba shi azaman Halogen-Free, tare da abun ciki na bromine (Br) ƙasa da 900 ppm, abun ciki na chlorine (Cl) ƙasa da 900 ppm, da jimlar Br+Cl ƙasa da 1500 ppm.

3. Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi LED 42-21A ya dace da ayyuka daban-daban na nuni da hasken baya, ciki har da: - Hasken baya don dashboard na mota da maɓallai. - Alamomin matsayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin na'urorin sadarwa kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks. - Rukunin hasken baya na lebur don nunin LCD, maɓallai, da alamomi. - Aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya.

4. Ƙididdiga na Iyaka Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. - Parameter - Alama - Ƙididdiga - Rukuni - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya - Halin Yanzu na Gaba - mA - Halin Yanzu na Gaba Mai Kololuwa (Duty 1/10 @1kHz) - mA - Ragewar Ƙarfin Wuta - mW - Yanayin Zafin Aiki - opr - -40 zuwa +85 - °C - Yanayin Zafin Ajiya - stg - -40 zuwa +90 - °C - Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (Samfurin Jikin Mutum) - ESD (HBM) - 150V - Yanayin Zafin Solder - sol - Reflow: 260°C na dakika 10. - Hannu: 350°C na dakika 3.

• 5. Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani Matsakaicin sigogin aiki ana auna su a Ta=25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA. Waɗannan su ne mahimman ƙayyadaddun bayanai don lissafin ƙira. - Parameter - Alama - Rukuni - Yanayi - Ƙarfin Hasken Gani - I_V - mcd - I_F=20mA - Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2) - 2θ_1/2 - deg - I_F=20mA - Tsawon Zango Mai Kololuwa - λ_P - nm - I_F=20mA - Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye - λ_D - nm - I_F=20mA - Faɗin Bakan (FWHM) - Δλ - nm - I_F=20mA - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba - V_F - V - I_F=20mA - Halin Yanzu na Baya - I_R - μA - V_R=5V Lura akan Tolerances: Ƙarfin hasken gani yana da tolerance na ±11%, tsawon zango mai rinjaye ±1 nm, da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ±0.1 V daga matsakaicin ƙimar ko binning.
• 6. Bayanin Tsarin Binning Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jerin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman sigogi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman taga aiki don aikace-aikacensu.
• 6.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken Gani Ana bayyana kwandon shara ta lamba (V1, V2, W1, W2) wanda ke ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin kewayon ƙarfin hasken gani da aka auna a I_F=20mA. - Lambar Kwandon Shara - Min. (mcd) - Max. (mcd) - V1 - 560 - 710 - V2 - 710 - 900 - W1 - 900 - 1120 - W2 - 1120 - 1420
• 6.2 Binning na Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye Ana rarraba tsawon zango zuwa ƙungiyoyi bisa tsawon zango mai rinjaye (λ_D). - Ƙungiya - Lambar Kwandon Shara - Min. (nm) - Max. (nm) - Z - 465 - 470 - X - 470 - 475 - Y - 475 - 480
• 6.3 Binning na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) an rarraba shi zuwa kwandon shara mai lamba 10 zuwa 14, kowanne yana ɗauke da kewayon 0.2V. - Ƙungiya - Kwandon Shara - Min. (V) - Max. (V) - N10 - 10 - 2.7 - 2.9 - N11 - 11 - 2.9 - 3.1 - N12 - 12 - 3.1 - 3.3 - N13 - 13 - 3.3 - 3.5 - N14 - 14 - 3.5 - 3.7
• 7. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin 7.1 Girman Kunshin LED 42-21A yana da ƙaramin kunshin SMD. Manyan girma (a cikin millimeters) sune kamar haka, tare da matsakaicin tolerance na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade su in ba haka ba: - Tsawon Kunshin: 2.0 mm - Faɗin Kunshin: 1.25 mm - Tsayin Kunshin: 1.1 mm An ba da cikakken zane mai girma a cikin takardar bayanin, wanda ke nuna jikin jiki, matsayin jagora, da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar.
• 7.2 Gano Polarity An bayyana cathode a sarari. A kan kunshin, ana nuna cathode ta hanyar siffa ta musamman kamar notch, ɗigo, ko kusurwa mai chamfered. Hakanan ana nuna alamar cathode daidai akan ƙirar mask ɗin solder da aka ba da shawarar don ƙafar PCB. Daidaitaccen jagorar polarity yana da mahimmanci don aikin da'ira mai kyau.

8. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa 8.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow An ƙididdige kayan aikin don hanyoyin solder na reflow mara gubar (Pb-free). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na solder da aka ba da shawarar shine 260°C, tare da lokacin da ya wuce 260°C bai wuce dakika 10 ba. Ya kamata a bi matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki na reflow don hana girgizar zafi da tabbatar da haɗin solder amintacce. Yana da mahimmanci don guje wa amfani da damuwa na injiniya ga jikin LED yayin lokutan dumama da sanyaya na reflow.

8.2 Solder da Hannu Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan. Zafin ƙarshen guntun ƙarfe ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha ɗaya bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wuta (25W ko ƙasa da haka). Ya kamata a kiyaye tazarar sanyaya na aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin solder tashoshi biyu don hana haɓakar zafi mai yawa.

• 8.3 Gyara da Gyaran Gyara Ana ƙin gyara bayan solder na farko sosai. Idan babu makawa, ya kamata a yi amfani da guntun ƙarfe na musamman mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, yana ba da damar cirewa ba tare da amfani da damuwa na juyi ga kunshin ba. Yuwuwar lalata haɗin waya na ciki na LED ko lalata aikin gani yayin gyara yana da yawa, kuma ana ba da shawarar gwada hanyar gyara kafin.
• 9. Ajiya da Kula da Kulawa 9.1 Hantsi na Danshi An kunna LED a cikin jakar shinge mai hana danshi tare da desiccant don hana shan danshi na yanayi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" (fashewar kunshin) yayin reflow. Manyan dokokin ajiya: - Kafin Buɗewa: - Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% Danshi Dangi (RH). - Bayan Buɗewa: - "Rayuwar bene" (lokacin da aka fallasa zuwa yanayin masana'anta) shekara 1 ne lokacin da aka ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. - Sake Kunna: - Na'urorin da ba a yi amfani da su ba ya kamata a sake rufe su a cikin jakar da ba ta shiga danshi tare da sabon desiccant. - Baking: - Idan mai nuna desiccant ya nuna jikewa ko kuma rayuwar bene ta wuce, ana buƙatar gasa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin reflow don fitar da danshi.
• 9.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD) Tare da ƙimar ESD na 150V (HBM), wannan na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne a bi ka'idojin sarrafa ESD na yau da kullun a duk matakan haɗawa da sarrafawa, gami da amfani da tashoshi na aiki na ƙasa, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da kwantena masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki.
• 10. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda 10.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel Ana ba da samfurin a cikin kaset mai ɗaukar kaya tare da girma da aka keɓance don kunshin 42-21A. An naɗe kaset ɗin akan daidaitaccen reel mai diamita inci 7 (178mm). Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 1000 na LED. An ba da cikakkun zane-zane don girman aljihun kaset ɗin ɗaukar kaya, tsayi, da girman cibiyar reel/flange don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan ciyar da na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik.

10.2 Bayanin Label Reel da jakar waje sun haɗa da tambari tare da mahimman bayanai don gano asali da aikace-aikace daidai: - CPN: Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (idan an sanya shi). - P/N: Lambar Samfurin Masana'anta (misali, 42-21A/BHC-ZV1W2N/1T). - QTY: Adadin Kunshin (misali, 1000 pcs). - CAT: Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (misali, W2). - HUE: Matsayi na Launi/Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (misali, Z). - REF: Matsayi na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (misali, N12). - LOT No: Lambar Rukunin Masana'anta don gano asali.

11. Tunani na Ƙirar Aikace-aikace 11.1 Iyakancewar Halin Yanzu Wannan ƙa'idar ƙira ce mai mahimmanci. LED na'urar ce da ake tuƙa ta halin yanzu. Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na iyakancewar halin yanzu a jere a cikin da'ira. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) yana da kewayon (2.7V zuwa 3.7V) da ƙimar zafi mara kyau. Haɗa LED kai tsaye zuwa tushen wutar lantarki, ko da wanda ake kira a cikin kewayon V_F, zai iya haifar da yanayin halin yanzu mara iyaka saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance, yana haifar da gazawar nan take (konewa). Ya kamata a ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki, matsakaicin V_F da ake tsammani daga kwandon shara, da halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (I_F), wanda bai kamata ya wuce 25 mA ci gaba ba.

. Electro-Optical Characteristics

The typical performance parameters are measured at Ta=25°C and a forward current (I_F) of 20 mA. These are the key specifications for design calculations.

Note on Tolerances:Luminous intensity has a tolerance of ±11%, dominant wavelength ±1 nm, and forward voltage ±0.1 V from the typical or binned values.

. Binning System Explanation

To ensure consistency in production runs, LEDs are sorted into bins based on key parameters. This allows designers to select parts that meet specific performance windows for their application.

.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

Bins are defined by a code (V1, V2, W1, W2) specifying a minimum and maximum luminous intensity range measured at I_F=20mA.

.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

Wavelength is binned into groups based on the dominant wavelength (λ_d).

.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage (V_F) is categorized into bins numbered 10 through 14, each covering a 0.2V range.

. Mechanical and Package Information

.1 Package Dimensions

The 42-21A LED has a compact SMD package. Key dimensions (in millimeters) are as follows, with a general tolerance of ±0.1mm unless otherwise specified:

• Package Length: 2.0 mm
• Package Width: 1.25 mm
• Package Height: 1.1 mm

A detailed dimensioned drawing is provided in the datasheet, showing the body outline, lead positions, and recommended land pattern.

.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is clearly marked. On the package, the cathode is typically indicated by a distinctive feature such as a notch, a dot, or a chamfered corner. The corresponding cathode marking is also shown on the recommended solder mask design for the PCB footprint. Correct polarity orientation is crucial for proper circuit function.

. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

.1 Reflow Soldering Profile

The component is rated for lead-free (Pb-free) reflow soldering processes. The maximum recommended peak soldering temperature is 260°C, with the time above 260°C not exceeding 10 seconds. A typical reflow temperature profile should be followed to prevent thermal shock and ensure reliable solder joints. It is critical to avoid applying mechanical stress to the LED body during the heating and cooling phases of reflow.

.2 Hand Soldering

If hand soldering is necessary, extreme care must be taken. The soldering iron tip temperature should be below 350°C, and contact time with any single terminal should not exceed 3 seconds. A low-power iron (25W or less) is recommended. A cooling interval of at least 2 seconds should be observed between soldering the two terminals to prevent excessive heat buildup.

.3 Rework and Repair

Rework after the initial soldering is strongly discouraged. If absolutely unavoidable, a specialized double-head soldering iron should be used to simultaneously heat both terminals, allowing for removal without applying torsional stress to the package. The potential for damaging the LED's internal wire bonds or degrading its optical performance during rework is high, and pre-testing the rework procedure is advised.

. Storage and Handling Precautions

.1 Moisture Sensitivity

The LEDs are packaged in a moisture-resistant barrier bag with desiccant to prevent absorption of atmospheric moisture, which can cause "popcorning" (package cracking) during reflow. Key storage rules:

• Before Opening:Store at ≤30°C and ≤90% Relative Humidity (RH).
• After Opening:The "floor life" (time exposed to ambient factory conditions) is 1 year when stored at ≤30°C and ≤60% RH.
• Rebagging:Unused devices should be resealed in a moisture-proof bag with fresh desiccant.
• Baking:If the desiccant indicator shows saturation or the floor life is exceeded, a bake at 60±5°C for 24 hours is required before reflow to drive out moisture.

.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

With an ESD rating of 150V (HBM), this device is sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Standard ESD handling procedures must be followed during all assembly and handling stages, including the use of grounded workstations, wrist straps, and conductive containers.

. Packaging and Ordering Information

.1 Tape and Reel Specifications

The product is supplied in embossed carrier tape with dimensions tailored for the 42-21A package. The tape is wound onto a standard 7-inch (178mm) diameter reel. Each reel contains 1000 pieces of the LED. Detailed drawings for the carrier tape pocket dimensions, pitch, and reel hub/flange dimensions are provided to ensure compatibility with automated assembly equipment feeders.

.2 Label Information

The reel and outer bag include labels with critical information for traceability and correct application:

• CPN:Customer's Part Number (if assigned).
• P/N:Manufacturer's Product Number (e.g., 42-21A/BHC-ZV1W2N/1T).
• QTY:Packing Quantity (e.g., 1000 pcs).
• CAT:Luminous Intensity Rank (e.g., W2).
• HUE:Chromaticity/Dominant Wavelength Rank (e.g., Z).
• REF:Forward Voltage Rank (e.g., N12).
• LOT No:Manufacturing Lot Number for traceability.

. Application Design Considerations

.1 Current Limiting

This is a critical design rule.An LED is a current-driven device. A series current-limiting resistormustbe used in the circuit. The forward voltage (V_F) has a range (2.7V to 3.7V) and a negative temperature coefficient. Connecting the LED directly to a voltage source, even one nominally within the V_Frange, can lead to a runaway current condition due to minor variations, resulting in immediate failure (burn-out). The resistor value should be calculated based on the supply voltage, the maximum expected V_Ffrom the bin, and the desired forward current (I_F), which must not exceed 25 mA continuous.

.2 Thermal Management

While the power dissipation is low (95 mW max), proper thermal design on the PCB is still important for long-term reliability, especially when operating at high ambient temperatures or at the maximum current. Ensuring adequate copper area around the LED pads helps dissipate heat and maintains stable optical output and lifespan.

.3 Optical Design

The 20-degree viewing angle (2θ_/2) indicates a relatively focused beam. This makes the 42-21A suitable for applications requiring directed illumination or a bright, concentrated spot. For wider area illumination, secondary optics (e.g., light guides, diffusers) would be necessary. Designers should account for the binning ranges of luminous intensity and wavelength to ensure consistent brightness and color appearance across multiple units in an array or display.

. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 42-21A represents a specific class of miniature, reflector-type SMD LEDs. Its key differentiators include its very small 2.0x1.25mm footprint, which is smaller than many common "chip" LEDs, allowing for higher density layouts. The integrated reflector cup provides a controlled, 20-degree viewing angle without the need for an external lens, simplifying optical design. The comprehensive binning system for intensity, wavelength, and voltage offers designers the ability to specify tight performance windows for applications requiring high uniformity, such as backlighting arrays. Its compliance with Halogen-Free and other environmental standards makes it suitable for products targeting global markets with strict regulatory requirements.

. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

.1 What is the difference between Peak Wavelength and Dominant Wavelength?

Peak Wavelength (λ_p):The single wavelength at which the optical output power of the LED is at its maximum. It's the highest point on the spectral distribution curve.
Dominant Wavelength (λ_d):The single wavelength of monochromatic light that matches the perceived color of the LED's output to the human eye. It is calculated from the chromaticity coordinates and is often more relevant for color-based applications. For this blue LED, the typical values are very close (468 nm peak vs. binned 465-475 nm dominant).

.2 Can I drive this LED with a constant voltage source?

No.As emphasized in the design considerations, LEDs require current regulation. A constant voltage source, even set to the typical V_F, does not account for unit-to-unit variation (binning), temperature effects (V_Fdecreases as temperature rises), or power supply tolerances. This will almost certainly lead to overcurrent and device failure. Always use a series resistor or a dedicated constant-current LED driver circuit.

.3 How many times can I reflow solder this component?

The datasheet specifies that reflow soldering should not be performed more thantwo times. Each reflow cycle subjects the component to thermal stress, which can degrade internal materials, weaken wire bonds, or compromise the moisture resistance of the package. If a board requires rework, it is preferable to replace the LED rather than subject it to a third reflow cycle.

.4 Is this LED suitable for automotive or medical applications?

The datasheet includes anApplication Restrictionssection stating that high-reliability applications such as automotive safety/security systems, medical equipment, military, and aerospace may require a different, more rigorously qualified product. The standard 42-21A is intended for commercial and industrial applications. For safety-critical uses, consult the manufacturer for products specifically designed and tested to meet the relevant industry standards (e.g., AEC-Q101 for automotive).

. Practical Application Example

Scenario: Designing a status indicator panel with 10 uniform blue LEDs.

1. Circuit Design:A 5V supply is available. Using the maximum V_Ffrom bin N14 (3.7V) and a target I_Fof 20 mA, calculate the series resistor: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F= (5V - 3.7V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. The nearest standard value of 68 Ohms would result in I_F≈ 19.1 mA, which is safe and within spec. One resistor is needed per LED.
2. Component Selection:To ensure visual uniformity, specify tight bins. For example, order all LEDs from luminous intensity bin W1 (1120-1420 mcd) and dominant wavelength bin Z/X (465-470 nm). This minimizes brightness and color variation across the panel.
3. PCB Layout:Place the LEDs on a 0.1" grid. Use the recommended land pattern from the datasheet. Include a small thermal relief pad connected to a ground plane for heat dissipation. Clearly mark the cathode orientation on the silkscreen.
4. Assembly:Keep reels in sealed bags until ready for use. Follow the 260°C peak reflow profile. After assembly, avoid flexing the PCB near the LEDs.

. Operating Principle

The 42-21A LED is based on a semiconductor chip made from Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's turn-on threshold is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region of the semiconductor. These charge carriers recombine, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the InGaN alloy determines the bandgap energy, which in turn defines the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, blue. The light is emitted from the chip and is directed by an integrated reflector cup within the package to achieve the specified 20-degree viewing angle. The epoxy resin encapsulant protects the chip and wire bonds while also acting as a primary lens.

. Technology Trends

SMD LEDs like the 42-21A are part of a continuous trend toward miniaturization, increased efficiency, and enhanced reliability in solid-state lighting. Advances in epitaxial growth techniques for InGaN materials have steadily improved internal quantum efficiency, allowing for higher luminous output from smaller chips. Packaging technology has evolved to provide better thermal paths (e.g., exposed thermal pads) and more precise optical control. Furthermore, industry-wide drivers include the push for higher levels of environmental compliance (beyond RoHS to Halogen-Free, lower carbon footprint) and the integration of smart features, though the latter is more relevant for higher-power or addressable LED packages. The demand for consistent performance, enabled by sophisticated binning systems as seen with this component, remains critical for applications in consumer electronics, displays, and automotive interiors where visual quality is paramount.