Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Duba Samfurin
- .1 Core Advantages and Product Positioning
- .2 Target Market and Applications
- . In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis
- .1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- .2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
- . Binning System Explanation
- .1 Luminous Intensity Binning
- .2 Dominant Wavelength Binning
- . Performance Curve Analysis
- . Mechanical and Package Information
- .1 Package Dimensions and Polarity
- .2 Tape and Reel Packaging
- . Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
- .1 Storage and Moisture Sensitivity
- .2 Reflow Soldering Profile
- .3 Hand Soldering and Rework
- . Application Design Considerations
- .1 Circuit Design
- .2 Thermal Management
- .3 Application Restrictions
- . Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- . Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- . Practical Design and Usage Case
- . Operating Principle Introduction
- . Technology Trends and Context
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Duba Samfurin
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun 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.1 Core Advantages and Product Positioning
The primary advantage of this LED is its miniature footprint, which is significantly smaller than traditional lead-frame type components. This reduction in size enables designers to achieve smaller printed circuit board (PCB) layouts, higher component packing density, and ultimately, more compact end-user equipment. Its lightweight construction further makes it ideal for applications where weight and space are critical constraints. The product is positioned as a reliable, RoHS-compliant, and halogen-free solution for general-purpose lighting and indication needs across consumer and industrial electronics.
.2 Target Market and Applications
This LED is suited for a broad spectrum of applications requiring a compact, bright blue indicator. Key application areas include:
- Backlighting:Illumination for instrument panel dashboards, membrane switches, and control panels.
- Telecommunications Equipment:Status indicators and keypad backlighting in telephones, fax machines, and other communication devices.
- Display Technology:Providing flat, uniform backlighting for liquid crystal displays (LCDs), switch legends, and symbols.
- General Purpose Indication:Any application requiring a small, efficient, and bright blue light source for status, power, or functional indication.
. In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis
The performance of the LED is defined by a set of absolute maximum ratings and standard operating characteristics. Understanding these parameters is crucial for reliable circuit design and ensuring long-term product longevity.
.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
These ratings define the stress limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. Operation under or at these limits is not guaranteed and should be avoided in normal use.
- Reverse Voltage (VR): V. Exceeding this voltage in reverse bias can cause junction breakdown.
- Continuous Forward Current (IF): mA. This is the recommended maximum current for continuous DC operation.
- Peak Forward Current (IFP): mA. This higher current is permissible only under pulsed conditions (duty cycle 1/10 at 1 kHz) and must not be used for DC operation.
- Power Dissipation (Pd): mW. This is the maximum power the package can dissipate, calculated as Forward Voltage (VF) multiplied by Forward Current (IF).
- Operating Temperature (Topr):-40°C to +85°C. The ambient temperature range for reliable operation.
- Storage Temperature (Tstg):-40°C to +90°C.
- Soldering Temperature:The device can withstand reflow soldering with a peak temperature of 260°C for up to 10 seconds, or hand soldering at 350°C for up to 3 seconds per terminal.
.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
These parameters are measured at a standard junction temperature of 25°C with a forward current of 20 mA, representing typical performance.
- Luminous Intensity (Iv):Ranges from a minimum of 45.0 mcd to a maximum of 112.0 mcd. The actual value is binned (see Section 3).
- Viewing Angle (2θ/2):Approximately 130 degrees. This wide viewing angle makes the LED suitable for applications where visibility from off-axis angles is important.
- Peak Wavelength (λp):Typically 468 nm. This is the wavelength at which the spectral output is strongest.
- Dominant Wavelength (λd):Ranges from 464.5 nm to 476.5 nm. This is the wavelength perceived by the human eye and is also binned.
- Spectral Bandwidth (Δλ):Typically 25 nm, measured at half the maximum intensity (Full Width at Half Maximum - FWHM).
- Forward Voltage (VF):Typically 3.3V, with a range from 2.7V to 3.7V at 20mA. A current-limiting resistor is mandatory in series with the LED to prevent thermal runaway.
- Reverse Current (IR):Maximum of 50 μA when a 5V reverse bias is applied. The datasheet explicitly warns that reverse voltage operation is for test purposes only and should not be used in circuit design.
. Binning System Explanation
To ensure consistency in mass production, LEDs are sorted into performance bins based on key parameters. This allows designers to select parts that meet specific brightness and color requirements.
.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
The luminous output is categorized into four distinct bins (P1, P2, Q1, Q2), each defining a minimum and maximum intensity range measured at IF= 20 mA. The total tolerance for luminous intensity is ±11%.
- P1:.0 - 57.0 mcd
- P2:.0 - 72.0 mcd
- Q1:.0 - 90.0 mcd
- Q2:.0 - 112.0 mcd
.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning
The color (hue) of the blue light is controlled by binning the dominant wavelength into four codes (A9, A10, A11, A12), with a tight tolerance of ±1 nm.
- A9:.5 - 467.5 nm
- A10:.5 - 470.5 nm
- A11:.5 - 473.5 nm
- A12:.5 - 476.5 nm
This binning allows for precise color matching in applications where multiple LEDs are used adjacent to each other.
. Performance Curve Analysis
While the datasheet references typical electro-optical characteristic curves, the provided tables give critical insight. The relationship between forward current (IF) and forward voltage (VF) is non-linear and exponential in nature. A small increase in voltage beyond the typical VFcan lead to a large, potentially destructive increase in current. This underscores the critical importance of using a series current-limiting resistor in the driving circuit. The luminous intensity is directly proportional to the forward current, but this relationship also depends on junction temperature, which rises with increased power dissipation.
. Mechanical and Package Information
.1 Package Dimensions and Polarity
The LED conforms to the standard 1206 (Imperial 3216 metric) package footprint. Key dimensions include a body length of 1.6 mm, a width of 0.8 mm, and a height of 0.7 mm. Polarity is clearly marked: the cathode terminal is identified by a green marking on the top of the component and a distinctive notch or chamfer on one end of the package. Correct orientation during placement is essential for proper circuit function.
.2 Tape and Reel Packaging
The components are supplied in moisture-resistant packaging, mounted on 8mm wide carrier tape and wound onto 7-inch diameter reels. Each reel contains 3000 pieces. The packaging includes a desiccant and is sealed within an aluminum moisture-proof bag to protect the LEDs from ambient humidity during storage and transport, which is critical for preventing "popcorning" or delamination during the high-temperature reflow soldering process.
. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
Proper handling is required to maintain device reliability.
.1 Storage and Moisture Sensitivity
This LED is moisture-sensitive. The unopened bag must be stored at ≤30°C and ≤90% RH. Once opened, the components have a "floor life" of 168 hours (7 days) under conditions of ≤30°C and ≤60% RH. If not used within this time, or if the desiccant indicator has changed color, the LEDs must be rebaked at 60°C ±5°C for 24 hours before being subjected to reflow soldering.
.2 Reflow Soldering Profile
A lead-free (Pb-free) reflow profile is specified:
- Pre-heating:-200°C for 60-120 seconds.
- Time Above Liquidus (TAL):-150 seconds above 217°C.
- Peak Temperature:Maximum of 260°C, held for no more than 10 seconds.
- Ramp Rates:Maximum heating rate of 6°C/sec and maximum cooling rate of 3°C/sec.
Reflow soldering should not be performed more than two times. Stress on the LED body during heating and warping of the PCB after soldering must be avoided.
.3 Hand Soldering and Rework
If hand soldering is necessary, it should be performed with a soldering iron tip temperature below 350°C, applied for no more than 3 seconds per terminal, using an iron with a power rating of 25W or less. A cooling interval of at least 2 seconds should be allowed between soldering each terminal. Rework after initial soldering is strongly discouraged. If absolutely unavoidable, a specialized double-head soldering iron must be used to simultaneously heat both terminals, preventing mechanical stress on the solder joints and the LED package.
. Application Design Considerations
.1 Circuit Design
The most critical design rule is the mandatory use of a series current-limiting resistor. The LED's exponential I-V characteristic means it does not self-regulate current like a resistor. Connecting it directly to a voltage source will cause excessive current flow, leading to immediate failure. The resistor value (R) is calculated using Ohm's Law: R = (Vsupply- VF) / IF, where VFis the typical or maximum forward voltage from the datasheet, and IFis the desired operating current (≤20 mA).
.2 Thermal Management
Although the power dissipation is low (75 mW maximum), proper PCB layout can enhance longevity. Ensuring adequate copper area around the LED's thermal pads (the solder joints themselves) helps dissipate heat from the junction. Operating the LED at lower currents than the maximum rating, or using pulsed operation, can significantly extend its lifespan and maintain luminous output.
.3 Application Restrictions
The datasheet includes a clear disclaimer that this product, as specified, may not be suitable for high-reliability applications with severe consequences of failure, such as military/aerospace systems, automotive safety systems (e.g., airbags, braking), or life-critical medical equipment. For such applications, components with different qualifications, testing, and specifications are required.
. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
Compared to larger through-hole LEDs, this SMD component offers a drastic reduction in size and weight, enabling modern miniaturized electronics. Within the SMD LED family, the 1206 package represents a common and cost-effective size, balancing ease of manual handling (for prototyping) with suitability for automated pick-and-place machines. Its wide 130-degree viewing angle is a key differentiator from narrower-angle LEDs, making it preferable for applications where the indicator needs to be seen from a wide range of positions. The specified compliance with RoHS, REACH, and halogen-free standards ensures it meets stringent international environmental regulations.
. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: Why is a current-limiting resistor absolutely necessary?
A: An LED has a very low dynamic resistance in its forward-biased region. Without a resistor to limit current, even a small voltage source will drive a current far exceeding the LED's maximum rating, causing instantaneous thermal overload and destruction.
Q: Can I drive this LED with a 5V supply?
A: Yes, but you must use a series resistor. For example, targeting IF= 20mA with a typical VFof 3.3V: R = (5V - 3.3V) / 0.020A = 85 Ohms. A standard 82 Ohm or 100 Ohm resistor would be appropriate, resulting in a slightly lower or higher current, respectively.
Q: What do the bin codes (e.g., Q2, A11) on the reel label mean?
A: They specify the performance group of the LEDs on that reel. "Q2" indicates the luminous intensity bin (90.0-112.0 mcd). "A11" indicates the dominant wavelength bin (470.5-473.5 nm). Specifying bins allows for consistency in brightness and color across a production run.
Q: How critical are the moisture sensitivity warnings?
A> Very critical. Absorbed moisture can vaporize during the high-temperature reflow soldering process, creating internal pressure that can crack the LED's epoxy resin package or delaminate it from the internal die, leading to immediate or latent failure.
. Practical Design and Usage Case
Scenario: Designing a multi-LED status panel.A designer is creating a control panel with ten blue status indicators. To ensure uniform appearance, they specify LEDs from the same luminous intensity bin (e.g., all Q1) and the same dominant wavelength bin (e.g., all A10) in their Bill of Materials (BOM). They plan to drive each LED from a 3.3V microcontroller GPIO pin. Calculating the resistor: R = (3.3V - 3.3V) / 0.020A = 0 Ohms. This is invalid, as there is no voltage drop across the resistor. Therefore, they must either use a lower current (e.g., 10mA) or drive the LEDs from a higher voltage rail (e.g., 5V) with an appropriate resistor. They choose a 5V rail. Using the maximum VFof 3.7V for a conservative design: R = (5V - 3.7V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. They select a standard 68 Ohm, 1/10W resistor for each LED. They ensure the PCB layout provides a small amount of copper pour around the LED pads for heat dissipation and follow the recommended reflow profile during assembly.
. Operating Principle Introduction
This LED is based on an Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) semiconductor chip. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's built-in potential is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region of the semiconductor junction. When these charge carriers recombine, they release energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the InGaN alloy determines the bandgap energy, which in turn dictates the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, blue. The chip is encapsulated in a clear epoxy resin that protects the semiconductor, acts as a lens to shape the light output (creating the 130-degree viewing angle), and provides the mechanical structure of the 1206 package.
. Technology Trends and Context
The component described represents a mature and widely adopted technology. The trend in SMD LEDs continues toward even smaller packages (e.g., 0805, 0603, 0402) for ultra-miniaturization, as well as toward higher-power packages for illumination. There is also a strong trend toward improved efficiency (more lumens per watt), which reduces power consumption and heat generation for a given light output. Furthermore, the precision and consistency of binning processes have improved significantly, allowing for tighter color and brightness tolerances in mass production, which is essential for applications like full-color displays and architectural lighting where color uniformity is paramount.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |