Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Iyakokin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3.1 Binning Ƙarfin Hasken Gani
- 3.2 Binning Madaidaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin
- 5.2 Gano Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Haɗa da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu
- 6.2 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi
- 6.3 Bayanin Reflow Haɗa
- 6.4 Haɗa Hannu da Gyara
- 7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
- 7.2 Bayanin Alamar
- 8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 11. Ƙirar Aiki da Harka ta Amfani
- 12. Gabatar da Ƙa'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayanin Samfur
22-21/BHC-AN1P2/2C na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) ce mai fitar da haske shuɗi (LED). An tsara shi don ƙungiyoyin lantarki na zamani, ƙanƙanta waɗanda ke buƙatar aiki mai dogaro na nuni ko hasken baya. Na'urar tana amfani da kayan guntu na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin guduro mai tsabta, yana samar da haske tare da madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 468 nm.
Babban fa'idar wannan ɓangaren yana cikin ƙaramin ƙafafunsa. Ma'auni kawai 2.2mm x 2.1mm tare da tsayi kusan 1.1mm, yana ba da damar rage girman allon da'ira (PCB) sosai kuma yana ba da damar yawan tattarawa mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da LED na gargajiya masu jagora. Wannan ƙanƙantarwa yana ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga ƙananan sifofin samfur na ƙarshe da rage buƙatun ajiya na ɓangarorin. Na'urar kuma tana da nauyi, yana mai da shi kyakkyawa don aikace-aikacen ɗaukuwa da ƙanana.
Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin muhalli da aminci masu mahimmanci, gami da kasancewa mara gubar (Pb-free), bin umarnin EU RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari), bin ka'idojin EU REACH (Rajista, Kimantawa, Izini da Ƙuntata Sinadarai), da cika ma'auni mara halogen (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). Ana ba da shi a cikin madaidaicin tef 8mm akan reels mai diamita 7-inch, yana tabbatar da dacewa da kayan haɗin kai da wuri na atomatik. Bangaren ya dace da duka hanyoyin haɗa reflow na infrared da tururi.
2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Iyakokin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan yanayi kuma ya kamata a guji su a cikin ƙirar da'ira.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Juyawa (VR):5 V - Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin alkiblar juyawa.
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF):20 mA - Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogaro.
- Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):100 mA - Matsakaicin halin yanzu na bugun jini na gaba, wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi (ayyukan aiki na 1/10 a mitar 1 kHz).
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):40 mW - Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa, wanda aka ƙidaya a matsayin samfurin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu na gaba, la'akari da iyakokin zafi.
- Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD) Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM):150 V - Hankalin na'urar ga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa.
- Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C - Kewayon zafin yanayi wanda aka ƙayyade na'urar don yin aiki.
- Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +90°C - Kewayon zafin don adana na'urar lokacin da ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba.
- Zafin Haɗa (Tsol):An ƙayyade bayyanannu guda biyu: Haɗa reflow (kololuwar 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10) da Haɗa hannu (350°C a ƙarshen ƙarfe na matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace tasha).
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20 mA, sai dai in an faɗi daban. Suna ayyana madaidaicin aikin na'urar.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (Iv):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 28.5 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 72.0 mcd. Ba a ƙayyade ƙimar al'ada a cikin tebur ba, amma tsarin binning yana ba da rukuni-rukuni. Kallon kusurwa (2θ1/2) yawanci digiri 130 ne, yana nuna faɗin kusurwar kallo.
- Kololuwar Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (λp):Yawanci 468 nanometers (nm). Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya kasance a matsakaicinsa.
- Madaidaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (λd):Ya bambanta daga 464.5 nm zuwa 476.5 nm. Wannan shine madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ya dace da launin hasken da aka fitar. An lura da jurewar ±1 nm.
- Faɗin Bakan Radiation (Δλ):Yawanci 35 nm. Wannan shine cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici (FWHM) na bakan fitarwa, yana bayyana tsabtar launi.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Yawanci 3.8 V, tare da matsakaicin 4.5 V a IF= 20 mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki.
- Halin Yanzu na Juyawa (IR):Matsakaicin 50 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na juyawa (VR) na 5 V.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da sigogi biyu masu zaman kansu na binning.
3.1 Binning Ƙarfin Hasken Gani
Ana rarraba fitarwar haske zuwa kwandon shara huɗu (N1, N2, P1, P2), kowanne yana ayyana takamaiman kewayon millicandela (mcd) da aka auna a IF= 20 mA. Kwandon shara yana tabbatar da cewa LED a cikin takamaiman oda suna da matakan haske iri ɗaya. An ƙayyade jurewar ƙarfin haske a matsayin ±11%.
- Bin N1:28.5 - 36.0 mcd
- Bin N2:36.0 - 45.0 mcd
- Bin P1:45.0 - 57.0 mcd
- Bin P2:57.0 - 72.0 mcd
3.2 Binning Madaidaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa
An rarraba launi (madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa) zuwa kwandon shara huɗu (A9, A10, A11, A12), kowanne yana ɗauke da takamaiman kewayon nanometer. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Jurewar madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa shine ±1 nm.
- Bin A9:464.5 - 467.5 nm
- Bin A10:467.5 - 470.5 nm
- Bin A11:470.5 - 473.5 nm
- Bin A12:473.5 - 476.5 nm
Lambar samfurin mai yiwuwa ta haɗa da lambobi (kamar \"AN1P2\") waɗanda ke ƙayyade ko wane ƙarfin haske da tsayin raƙuman ruwa aka haɗa a cikin takamaiman reel ko oda.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Duk da yake ba a cikakken bayyana takamaiman lanƙwasa masu zane a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, madaidaicin lanƙwasa halayen lantarki da haske don irin wannan LED zai haɗa da:
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Wannan lanƙwasa mara layi yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu ta hanyar LED da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikinsa. Ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki fiye da bakin kofa yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu, yana nuna wajibcin da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Wannan lanƙwasa yawanci yana nuna cewa fitarwar haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma yana iya zama ƙasa da layi a manyan halin yanzu saboda tasirin zafi da inganci.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Zafin Yanayi:Fitarwar haske na LED gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya ƙaru. Fahimtar wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a manyan yanayin zafi.
- Rarraba Bakan:Zane na dangi mai ƙarfi da tsayin raƙuman ruwa, yana nuna kololuwa a ~468 nm da ~35 nm FWHM bandwidth.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
5.1 Girman Fakitin
Na'urar tana da ƙafar ƙafa mai rectangular. Manyan girma (a cikin millimeters, tare da madaidaicin jurewa na ±0.1mm sai dai an lura) sun haɗa da tsawon jiki na 2.2 mm, faɗin jiki na 2.1 mm, da tsayi kusan 1.1 mm. Takardun bayanan sun haɗa da cikakken zanen girma wanda ke nuna tsarin kushin, girman tasha, da shawarar tsarin ƙasar PCB don tabbatar da haɗa daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.
5.2 Gano Polarity
Ana yiwa cathode alama, sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaga, ɗigo, ko alamar kore a kan fakitin kanta ko tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya. Dole ne a kiyaye polarity daidai yayin sanyawa don tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana aiki.
6. Jagororin Haɗa da Haɗawa
6.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu
Mahimmanci:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na waje ko da'irar direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzudolea yi amfani da shi a jere tare da LED. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau da ƙananan bambanci. Ba tare da iyakance halin yanzu ba, ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin wutar lantarki na wadata na iya haifar da babban, mai yuwuwa lalacewa, ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu na gaba.
6.2 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi
An tattara ɓangarorin a cikin jakar shinge mai hana danshi tare da busassun abu don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" (fashewar fakitin) yayin haɗa reflow.
- Kada ku buɗe jakar har sai an shirya amfani.
- Bayan buɗewa, adana LED da ba a yi amfani da su ba a ≤30°C da ≤60% Danshi Dangi.
- \"Rayuwar bene\" bayan buɗe jakar shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7).
- Idan an wuce rayuwar bene ko mai nuna busassun abu ya nuna jikewa, ana buƙatar gasa a 60 ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin haɗawa.
6.3 Bayanin Reflow Haɗa
An ƙayyade bayyanannen reflow mara gubar (Pb-free):
- Dumama Kafin:Hawa daga yanayi zuwa 150-200°C sama da dakika 60-120.
- Jiƙa/Dumama Kafin:Kiyaye sama da 217°C na dakika 60-150.
- Reflow:Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce 255°C bai kamata ya wuce dakika 30 ba. Lokacin a ainihin kololuwa (260°C) dole ne ya zama dakika 10 matsakaici.
- Sanyaya:Matsakaicin ƙimar sanyaya na 6°C/daƙiƙa.
Mahimman Ƙuntatawa:Bai kamata a yi haɗin reflow fiye da sau biyu akan na'urar ɗaya ba. Guji damuwa na injiniya akan LED yayin dumama kuma kada ku karkatar da PCB bayan haɗawa.
6.4 Haɗa Hannu da Gyara
Idan haɗa hannu ba makawa ne, yi amfani da ƙarfen haɗa tare da zafin ƙarshen <350°C, shafa zafi ga kowace tasha na ≤3 daƙiƙa, kuma yi amfani da ƙarfe tare da ƙimar wutar lantarki ≤25W. Ba da tazarar sanyaya na >2 daƙiƙa tsakanin tashoshi. An ƙarfafa gyara. Idan da gaske ya zama dole, yi amfani da ƙarfen haɗa kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci ɗaya don cirewa, kuma a tabbatar da aikin na'urar bayan haka, kamar yadda lalacewa mai yiwuwa.
7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
Ana ba da na'urar a cikin tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya mai ƙyalli tare da faɗin 8mm, wanda aka nannade akan daidaitaccen reel mai diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 2000. An ba da girman reel, tef, da murfin tef a cikin takardun bayanan tare da jurewa yawanci ±0.1mm.
7.2 Bayanin Alamar
Alamar marufi ta ƙunshi lambobi da yawa:
- CPN:Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (na zaɓi).
- P/N:Lambar Samfurin Masana'anta (misali, 22-21/BHC-AN1P2/2C).
- QTY:Adadin Tattarawa (misali, 2000).
- CAT:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (Lambar kwandon shara don haske).
- HUE:Haɗin Haɗin Launi & Matsayi na Madaidaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (Lambar kwandon shara don launi).
- REF:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba.
- LOT No:Lambar Rukunin Masana'anta don bin diddigin.
8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- Hasken Baya:Hasken don allunan kayan aikin dashboard, maɓallan membrane, da allunan sarrafawa.
- Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Alamomin matsayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin wayoyi, na'urorin faks, da na'urorin sadarwa.
- Hasken Baya na LCD:Hasken gefe ko hasken baya kai tsaye don ƙananan nuni na LCD monochrome ko launi.
- Nuni na Gabaɗaya:Alamun kunna wutar lantarki, fitilun matsayi, da hasken ado a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci.
8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi a ƙarƙashin kushin LED na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙananan zafin haɗuwa, adana fitarwar haske da tsawon rai.
- Tukin Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe ku ƙira don tukin halin yanzu mai ci gaba ko kuma yi amfani da resistor na jere da aka ƙidaya bisa matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai taɓa wuce matsakaicin ƙididdiga na cikakke ba a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi (misali, ƙananan VFna'urar, babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wadata).
- Kariya ta ESD:Aiwatar da kariyar ESD akan layukan shigarwa idan LED yana samuwa ga mai amfani, kuma bi sarrafa ESD mai aminci yayin haɗawa.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Babban bambance-bambancen fakitin 22-21 idan aka kwatanta da manyan LED SMD (misali, 3528, 5050) ko LED na gargajiya ta hanyar rami shine ƙaramin girman sa, yana ba da damar ƙira a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran LED shuɗi, takamaiman haɗin sa na madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (~468 nm), faɗin kusurwar kallo (130°), da ƙayyadaddun tsarin binning yana ba da haske da launi mai hasashe don daidaiton bayyanar samfur. Bin ka'idojin marasa halogen da RoHS ya sa ya dace da ƙirar da ke da hankali ga muhalli da ake buƙata a kasuwannin duniya.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
Q: Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?
A: Halin I-V na LED yana da ma'auni. Ƙananan canji a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana haifar da babban canji a cikin halin yanzu. Ba tare da resistor ba, bambance-bambance a cikin wutar lantarki na wadata ko V na LED kantaFzai iya fitar da halin yanzu fiye da matsakaicin 20mA, yana haifar da dumama cikin sauri da gazawa.
Q: Zan iya fitar da wannan LED tare da wadataccen 3.3V?
A: Mai yiwuwa, amma tare da taka tsantsan. Madaidaicin VFshine 3.8V, wanda ya fi 3.3V girma. A 3.3V, LED bazai kunna ba, ko kuma zai yi duhu sosai. Kuna buƙatar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wadata mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin VF(4.5V) da faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan resistor ɗin ku mai iyakance halin yanzu. Ana amfani da na'urar haɓakawa ko mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki (misali, 5V).
Q: Menene ma'anar kusurwar kallo na digiri 130?
A> Yana nufin kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken gani ya rabi na ƙarfin da aka auna kai tsaye akan-axis (digiri 0). Kusurwar digiri 130 ana ɗaukarta a matsayin \"faɗin kallo,\" ma'ana an yada hasken kuma ana iya gani daga faɗin gefen gefe, ya dace da fitilun nuni waɗanda ke buƙatar ganin su daga wurare daban-daban.
Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon shara (misali, AN1P2) a cikin odar na?
A> Lambobin kwandon shara suna ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun iyakoki don ƙarfin haske da madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa ga duk LED a cikin wannan rukunin. \"AN1\" mai yiwuwa yana nufin takamaiman kwandon shara na madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (misali, A11), kuma \"P2\" yana nufin kwandon shara na ƙarfin haske (57.0-72.0 mcd). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin duk raka'a a cikin gudanar da samarwar ku.
11. Ƙirar Aiki da Harka ta Amfani
Yanayi: Ƙirar maɓalli mai hasken baya.Maɓallin yana da ƙaramin alama mai wucewa. Mai zane ya zaɓi wannan LED shuɗi 22-21 saboda ƙaramin girman sa. Akwai layin wadataccen 5V akan PCB. Don iyakance halin yanzu zuwa 15 mA (ƙimar aminci ƙasa da matsakaicin 20mA don tsawon rai), an ƙididdige resistor na jere: R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF. Yin amfani da matsakaicin VFna 4.5V yana tabbatar da isasshen halin yanzu har ma ga LED \"babban VF\": R = (5V - 4.5V) / 0.015A ≈ 33.3 Ohms. An zaɓi daidaitaccen resistor na 33 Ohm. An ƙirƙira tsarin ƙasar PCB daidai da shawarar ƙafar ƙafa ta takardun bayanan. Yayin haɗawa, ana amfani da na'urorin masu hankali ga danshi a cikin rayuwar bene na kwanaki 7 bayan buɗe jakar, kuma allon yana jurewa wucewar reflow guda ɗaya ta amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanin zafin jiki.
12. Gabatar da Ƙa'idar Aiki
Wannan LED yana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗuwar p-n semiconductor. Yankin aiki ya ƙunshi InGaN. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce bakin kofa na diode, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na InGaN yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kuma yana ƙayyade tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, shuɗi. Guduro mai tsabta na ruwa mai lulluɓe yana kare guntu na semiconductor, yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffanta fitarwar haske (ƙirƙirar kusurwar kallo na 130°), kuma yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Haɓaka ingantattun LED shuɗi dangane da InGaN ya kasance nasara mai tushe a cikin hasken ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar LED fari (ta hanyar jujjuyawar phosphor) da cikakkun nuni masu launi. Trend na ɓangarorin kamar 22-21 yana ci gaba zuwa ƙarin ƙanƙanta, ƙaruwar inganci (mafi girman ƙarfin haske kowace mA), da ƙarin ƙuntatawa na binning don mafi girman launi da daidaiton haske. Haɗawa tare da da'irar sarrafawa akan allon (kamar ingantattun IC direba a cikin fakitin LED) kuma yana girma, ko da yake don sauƙaƙan LED na nuni, tsarin rarrabuwa, mai tsada wanda wannan ɓangaren ke wakilta yana da mahimmanci ga ɗimbin aikace-aikace.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |