Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED 27-21 Blue - Girman 2.7x2.1x1.2mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 3.3V - Wutar Lantarki 0.095W - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

SMD LED 27-21 ƙaramin na'ura ne, mai haɗawa da saman, wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar aikin nuni ko hasken baya mai dogaro. Babban fa'idarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin rage girman ƙafafunsa sosai idan aka kwatanta da LED na gabaɗaya na ginshiƙan jagora, yana ba da damar yawan abubuwan da aka haɗa akan allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs), rage buƙatun ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan kayan aiki na ƙarshe. Ginin mai sauƙi yana ƙara dacewarsa don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari da na ɗaukuwa.

Wannan LED blue mai launi ɗaya an gina shi ta amfani da guntu na semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride), wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa. Samfurin ne mara gubar wanda ya dace da umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari), ka'idojin EU REACH, da ma'auni marasa halogen, yana tabbatar da amincin muhalli da karɓuwar kasuwa mai faɗi.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin karkatar da baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba na Ci gaba (I_F):25 mA. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC don aiki mai dogaro.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba Mai Kololuwa (I_FP):100 mA. Wannan yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (ayyukan aiki 1/10 a 1 kHz) don ɗaukar ƙaruwar wuce gona da iri.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):95 mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da marufi zai iya watsawa a yanayin yanayi (T_a) na 25°C. Ragewa ya zama dole a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki ta Electrostatic (ESD):150V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Dole ne a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD daidai yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa.
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafi don aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.
• Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.
• Zafin Haɗawa:Na'urar na iya jure haɗa reflow tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10, ko haɗa da hannu a 350°C har zuwa dakika 3 a kowane tasha.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a T_a=25°C da I_F=20mA, wanda ke wakiltar yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Hasken LED (I_v):Ya kewayo daga 28.5 mcd (ƙarami) zuwa 72.0 mcd (matsakaici), tare da juriya na yau da kullun na ±11%. Wannan yana ayyana hasken da ake gani na LED.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 130 (na yau da kullun). Wannan faɗin kusurwa yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar gani daga wuraren da ba a kan axis ba.
• Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Kololuwa (λ_p):468 nm (na yau da kullun). Tsayin raƙuman ruwa inda fitarwar bakan ta fi ƙarfi.
• Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):Ya kewayo daga 464.50 nm zuwa 476.50 nm. Wannan yana ayyana launin hasken da ake gani, tare da ƙaramin juriya na ±1 nm.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):25 nm (na yau da kullun). Faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (FWHM).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Ya kewayo daga 2.70V (ƙarami) zuwa 3.70V (matsakaici), tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 3.30V a 20mA. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙira da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 50 µA a V_R=5V. Wannan ma'auni ne kawai don dalilai na gwaji; kada a yi amfani da na'urar a cikin karkatar da baya.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara dangane da mahimman ma'auni.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken LED

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara huɗu (N1, N2, P1, P2) dangane da ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a I_F=20mA. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar madaidaicin matakin haske don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin jerin LED da yawa.

• Kwandon shara N1:28.5 – 36.0 mcd
• Kwandon shara N2:36.0 – 45.0 mcd
• Kwandon shara P1:45.0 – 57.0 mcd
• Kwandon shara P2:57.0 – 72.0 mcd

3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye

Hakanan ana rarraba LED ta hanyar tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye zuwa lambobi huɗu (A9, A10, A11, A12). Wannan tsauraran sarrafawa (≈3 nm a kowane kwandon shara) yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi daidai.

• Kwandon shara A9:464.5 – 467.5 nm
• Kwandon shara A10:467.5 – 470.5 nm
• Kwandon shara A11:470.5 – 473.5 nm
• Kwandon shara A12:473.5 – 476.5 nm

4. Binciken Lankwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman jadawali a cikin takardun bayanai, tasirinsu yana da mahimmanci ga ƙira.

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Halin I-V yana da ƙima. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba fiye da na yau da kullun na 3.3V na iya haifar da babban ƙaruwa, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu na gaba. Wannan yana jaddada cikakkiyar larura ta amfani da resistor na waje mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu a jere tare da LED.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken LED vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Ƙarfin hasken LED yana da kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba a cikin iyakokin da aka ƙidaya. Yin aiki ƙasa da 20mA zai rage fitarwa, yayin da wuce 25mA yana haifar da haɓakar lalacewa da rage tsawon rayuwa, ko da na ɗan lokaci a cikin ƙimar halin yanzu mai kololuwa.

4.3 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Ayyukan LED yana da hankali ga zafin jiki. Yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya karu, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yawanci yana raguwa kaɗan, yayin da ƙarfin hasken LED zai iya raguwa sosai. Isasshen sarrafa zafi akan PCB yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye haske mai daidaito, musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da yawa ko kulle.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi

Marufin 27-21 yana da girman suna na 2.7mm (tsayi) x 2.1mm (faɗi) x 1.2mm (tsayi), tare da juriya na yau da kullun na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Cikakken zanen girma yana ba da mahimman ma'auni don ƙirar tsarin ƙasa na PCB, gami da girman kushin, tazara, da kuma yanayin abin da aka haɗa.

5.2 Gano Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki

Ana nuna cathode ta hanyar alamar gani akan marufin LED, kamar notch, kore dot, ko yanke kusurwa. Dole ne a lura da daidaiton ƙarfin wutar lantarki yayin sanyawa don tabbatar da aiki mai kyau.

5.3 Marufin Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da na'urar a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, waɗanda suka dace da na'urorin zaɓe da sanyawa na atomatik na yau da kullun. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 3000. Marufin ya haɗa da kayan da ba su da danshi: jakar aluminum mai hana danshi tare da desiccant da katin nuna danshi don kare LED daga danshin yanayi yayin ajiya da sufuri.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa & Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Haɗa Reflow

An ƙayyade bayanin reflow mara gubar (mara Pb). Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da: matakin kafin dumama tsakanin 150-200°C na dakika 60-120; lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (217°C) na dakika 60-150; matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba har zuwa dakika 10; da kuma sarrafa ƙimar haɓakawa da sanyaya don rage girgizar zafi. Kada a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu.

6.2 Haɗa da Hannu

Idan haɗa da hannu ya zama dole, ana buƙatar kulawa mai tsanani. Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai haɗawa tare da zafin ƙarshe ƙasa da 350°C, yi amfani da zafi ga kowane tasha ba fiye da dakika 3 ba, kuma a ba da tazarar sanyaya aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin tashoshi. Ƙarfin ƙarfe ya kamata ya zama 25W ko ƙasa da haka don hana dumama yanki.

6.3 Hankalin Danshi da Ajiya

LED suna da hankali ga danshi. Kada a buɗe jakar da ba ta da danshi har sai nan da nan kafin amfani. Bayan buɗewa, dole ne a adana LED da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin yanayi na 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da danshi na dangi 60% ko ƙasa da haka. "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗe jakar ita ce sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Idan wannan lokacin ya wuce ko desiccant ya nuna jikewa, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60°C ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Hasken Baya:Ya dace da alamun dashboard, hasken canji, da hasken baya na alama saboda ƙaramin girman sa da fitarwar blue mai daidaito.
• Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Yana aiki azaman alamomin matsayi ko hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin na'urori kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks.
• Hasken Baya na LCD:Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin jeri don ƙananan nuni na LCD masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
• Amfani na Alama na Gabaɗaya:Ya dace da matsayin wutar lantarki, nuna yanayi, da sauran ayyukan sigina a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da na masana'antu.

7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su na Ƙira

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jere wanda aka ƙididdige shi dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_CC), ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na LED (V_F), da halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (I_F). Tsari: R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardun bayanai don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Tabbatar cewa PCB yana da isasshen yanki na tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa kushin LED don yin aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi, musamman lokacin aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu.
• Kariya ta ESD:Aiwatar da matakan kariya na ESD akan layukan shigarwa masu hankali idan LED yana samun damar mai amfani.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

SMD LED 27-21 yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da yawa a cikin ajinsa. Girman ƙafafunsa na 2.7x2.1mm ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yawancin LED na rami na 3mm ko 5mm na al'ada, yana adana sararin allo mai mahimmanci. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na 130° yana ba da mafi kyawun gani daga wuraren da ba a kan axis ba idan aka kwatanta da LED masu ƙunƙuntaccen kusurwa. Amfani da fasahar InGaN yana haifar da launin blue mai haske, cikakke tare da inganci. Bugu da ƙari, bin ka'idojin RoHS, REACH, da marasa halogen ya sa ya zama zaɓi na gaba don kasuwannin duniya masu tsauraran ka'idojin muhalli. Cikakken tsarin rarrabuwa yana ba masu ƙira da hasashen da ake buƙata don samarwa mai yawa wanda ke buƙatar daidaiton gani.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

9.1 Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?

Halin I-V na LED ba shi da layi. Ba tare da resistor ba, ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu mara sarrafawa, yana wuce matsakaicin ƙimar Cikakke na 25mA da sauri kuma yana haifar da gazawar nan take. Resistor yana saita wurin aiki mai tsayayye.

9.2 Zan iya tuka wannan LED da wadatar 5V?

Ee, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor na jere. Misali, tare da wadatar 5V (V_CC=5V), V na yau da kullun_Fna 3.3V, da manufa I_Fna 20mA, ƙimar resistor zata kasance R = (5V - 3.3V) / 0.020A = 85 Ohms. Dangane da resistor na yau da kullun na 82 ko 100 Ohm zai dace, tare da ƙimar wutar lantarki P = I²R = (0.02)²* 85 = 0.034W, don haka resistor 1/8W ko 1/10W ya isa.

9.3 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Kololuwa da Mai Rinjaye?

Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Kololuwa (λ_p) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa na zahiri inda fitarwar bakan ta fi girma. Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye (λ_d) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige wacce ta dace da launin da idon ɗan adam ke gani, yana la'akari da dukan bakan fitarwa da kuma hankalin ido. Ga LED masu launi ɗaya kamar wannan blue, sau da yawa suna kusa, amma λ_dya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

9.4 Me yasa akwai tsauraran "rayuwar bene" bayan buɗe jakar?

SMD LED na iya ɗaukar danshi daga yanayi ta hanyar marufin su na filastik. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na haɗa reflow, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya faɗaɗa da sauri, yana haifar da rabuwar ciki ko "popcorning," wanda ke fashe marufin kuma ya lalata na'urar. Rayuwar bene da hanyoyin gasa suna sarrafa wannan abun ciki na danshi.

10. Ka'idojin Aiki

Wannan LED na'urar photonic ce ta semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfinsa na haɗin gwiwa (kusan 3.3V), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yankin aiki na guntu na InGaN. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na InGaN yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ƙayyade tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, blue a kusan 468 nm. Lulluɓin resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana kare guntu kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadadden kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130.

11. Trends na Masana'antu & Mahallin

Marufin 27-21 yana wakiltar siffar siffa mai girma kuma an karɓe shi sosai a cikin kasuwar SMD LED, yana daidaita girman, aiki, da iya samarwa. Masana'antar na ci gaba da turawa zuwa ƙananan ƙananan marufi (misali, 2016, 1608) don ƙananan ƙananan ƙira, da kuma marufi masu ƙarfi don haskakawa. Manyan trends da ke tasiri abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar wannan sun haɗa da: ƙarin buƙatar daidaiton launi da daidaiton rarrabuwa don aikace-aikacen nuni; haɗa IC na kan jirgi don LED masu hankali; da kuma mai da hankali kan inganta ingancin haske (lumens a kowace watt) da dogaro. Bugu da ƙari, bin ka'idojin muhalli (RoHS, marasa halogen) sun canza daga bambanci zuwa buƙatun tushe ga yawancin abubuwan lantarki a cikin sarƙoƙin wadata na duniya.