Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali
- 1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
- 2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Cikakke
- 2.1 Ƙididdiga na Iyaka
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Haske
- 2.3 Halaye na Zafi
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken
- 3.2 Binning na Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa
- 3.3 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba
- 4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
- 4.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken da Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba
- 4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Zafin Yanayi
- 4.4 Rarraba Bakan
- 4.5 Tsarin Radiation
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
- 5.1 Girmamin Fakitin
- 5.2 Gano Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Gini da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Siffar Sake Ginin Gini
- Ana sanya LED a cikin jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da busassun abu. - Kada a buɗe jakar har sai an shirya don amfani. - Bayan buɗewa, LED da ba a yi amfani da su ba ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. - "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗe jakar shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). - Idan an wuce rayuwar bene ko busassun abu ya nuna shigar danshi, ana buƙatar bushewa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
- Mahimmanci: Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na waje a cikin jerin tare da LED. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da ƙarancin ƙimar zafi da jurewar samarwa. Haɗin kai kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki, ko da kaɗan sama da matsakaicin VF, na iya haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki mara sarrafawa wanda ke haifar da gazawar nan take.
- 8.2 Tsarin PCB
- 8.3 Kariya daga ESD
- 9. Bayanin Daidaito da Muhalli
- Samfurin ya yi daidai da mahimman dokokin muhalli: RoHS: Samfurin ba shi da gubar kuma ya bi umarnin ƙuntata abubuwa masu haɗari. REACH: Ya bi ka'idar Rajista, Ƙima, Izini da Ƙuntatawa na Sinadarai na EU. Ba shi da Halogen: Ya bi buƙatun marasa halogen (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl <1500 ppm).
- 10.2 Zan iya amfani da wannan LED a waje? Kewayon zafin aiki shine -40°C zuwa +85°C, wanda ya ƙunshi yanayi da yawa na waje. Duk da haka, babban iyaka don amfani da waje sau da yawa shine juriyar fakitin ga danshi da radiation na UV, wanda ba a ƙayyade shi ba don wannan daidaitaccen kayan kasuwanci. Don yanayi mai tsanani, yi la'akari da na'urori da aka ƙayyade musamman don amfani da waje ko mota.
- 10.4 An yarda da gyara/sake aiki bayan gini? Ba a ba da shawarar gyara ba. Idan ya zama dole sosai, yi amfani da gwangwanin gini mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan haɗin gini ko jikin LED. Koyaushe tabbatar da cewa halayen LED ba su lalace ba bayan kowane sake aiki.
- 11.1 Ƙirar Allon Nuna Matsayi Yi la'akari da allon sarrafawa da ke buƙatar alamomin matsayi na shuɗi da yawa. Ta amfani da LED 15-21, masu ƙira za su iya samun tsare-tsare masu yawan aiki. Don tsarin 5V, ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor a cikin jerin. Ta amfani da matsakaicin VF daga kwandon 14 (3.7V) da ƙarfin lantarki na burin 15 mA (ƙasa da 20 mA matsakaici don tsawon rayuwa), ƙimar resistor ita ce R = (5V - 3.7V) / 0.015A ≈ 87 ohms. Madaidaicin resistor na 91-ohm ko 100-ohm zai dace. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Dole ne a bi hanyoyin hankalin danshi yayin haɗawa idan ba a gina PCB nan da nan bayan buɗe jakar ba.
- . Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- .1 Why did my LED fail immediately upon power-up?
- .2 Can I use this LED outdoors?
- .3 How do I interpret the bin codes on the label?
- .4 Is repair/rework allowed after soldering?
- . Design and Usage Case Study
- .1 Designing a Status Indicator Panel
- . Technical Principle Introduction
- . Industry Trends and Context
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
15-21/B6C-ZQ1R1N/2T ƙaramin SMD LED shuɗi ne wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar sanya kayan aiki mai yawa da ingantaccen aiki. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da fasahar guntu na InGaN don samar da hasken shuɗi tare da matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 468 nm. Ƙaramin girmanta da ginin sa mai sauƙi sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali
Babban fa'idar wannan LED shine ƙarancin girmansa sosai idan aka kwatanta da na'urori na gargajiya masu tsarin gubar. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙirar allon da'ira (PCB) mafi ƙanƙanta, mafi girman yawan aiki, rage buƙatun sararin ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe, haɓaka kayan aiki mafi ƙanƙanta ga mai amfani. Dacewarsa da tsarin sarrafawa da gini na atomatik ya ƙara dacewarsa don samarwa mai yawa.
1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
An yi niyya ga wannan LED ga aikace-aikace masu yawa na masu amfani, masana'antu, da sadarwa. Misalan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da hasken baya na allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, da alamomi; ayyukan nuni da hasken baya a cikin na'urorin sadarwa kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks; hasken baya mai lebur don LCDs; da aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya.
2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Cikakke
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike game da halayen lantarki, haske, da zafi na na'urar.
2.1 Ƙididdiga na Iyaka
Ƙididdiga na iyaka suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar idan aka wuce su. Ba a yi niyya don aiki na yau da kullun ba.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Koma Baya (VR):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin koma baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba (IF):20 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na gaba.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba (IFP):40 mA. Wannan ƙididdiga yana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da cikakken aiki na 1/10 a 1 kHz.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):40 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa a yanayin zafin yanayi na 25°C. Ana buƙatar rage ƙimar a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
- Yanayin Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.
- Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.
- Yanayin Zafin Gini (Tsol):Don sake ginin gini, an ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na mafi ƙarancin dakika 10. Don ginin hannu, zafin ƙarshen gwangwani bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba na mafi ƙarancin dakika 3 a kowane tasha.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Haske
Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) na 20 mA da zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C, wanda ke wakiltar yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.
- Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Ya kewayo daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 72.0 mcd zuwa mafi girma na 140.0 mcd, tare da matsakaicin jurewa na ±11%. Ainihin ƙimar an ƙaddara ta lambar kwandon (Q1, Q2, R1).
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Yawanci digiri 130. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana sa LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi.
- Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (λp):Yawanci 468 nm.
- Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (λd):Ya kewayo daga 465.0 nm zuwa 475.0 nm, tare da jurewa na ±1 nm. Takamaiman kwandon an yi masa lamba a matsayin X (465-470 nm) ko Y (470-475 nm).
- Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):Yawanci 25 nm, ana aunawa a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfin (FWHM).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba (VF):Ya kewayo daga 2.70 V zuwa 3.70 V a 20 mA, tare da jurewa na ±0.1V. Takamaiman kwandon an yi masa lamba daga 10 (2.7-2.9V) zuwa 14 (3.5-3.7V).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Koma Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 50 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki mai koma baya (VR) na 5V. Muhimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a cikin koma baya ba; wannan sigogi na gwajin zubar da ruwa ne kawai.
2.3 Halaye na Zafi
Duk da cewa ba a jera su a cikin tebur daban ba, sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci. Ƙimar watsawar wutar lantarki na 40 mW da kewayon zafin aiki suna ayyana iyakokin zafi. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da isasshen tsarin PCB kuma, idan ya cancanta, ramukan zafi ko hanyoyin sanyaya don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki masu aminci, musamman lokacin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
An rarraba samfurin zuwa kwanduna bisa mahimman sigogi don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.
3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken
An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwanduna uku:
- Q1:72.0 - 90.0 mcd
- Q2:90.0 - 112.0 mcd
- R1:112.0 - 140.0 mcd
3.2 Binning na Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa
An rarraba launi (matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa) zuwa kwanduna biyu:
- X:465.0 - 470.0 nm
- Y:470.0 - 475.0 nm
3.3 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba
An rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa kwanduna biyar don taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irar ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki:
- 10:2.7 - 2.9 V
- 11:2.9 - 3.1 V
- 12:3.1 - 3.3 V
- 13:3.3 - 3.5 V
- 14:3.5 - 3.7 V
4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanin ta ƙunshi lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki. Yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar madaidaicin resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki. Lanƙwasa yawanci yana nuna cewa ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki bayan wurin kunna yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, yana nuna wajibcin ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki.
4.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken da Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba
Wannan jadawalin yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Gabaɗaya yana da layi a cikin kewayon amma zai cika a ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma saboda tasirin zafi da inganci. Aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na iya ba da ƙaruwar haske daidai gwargwado ba kuma zai rage tsawon rayuwar na'urar.
4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Zafin Yanayi
Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna rage ƙimar fitar da haske yayin da zafin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Ƙarfin haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Don ingantaccen aiki, dole ne a yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi a cikin ƙirar aikace-aikace.
4.4 Rarraba Bakan
Jadawalin bakan yana nuna bayanin fitarwa a kusa da matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 468 nm tare da matsakaicin FWHM na 25 nm. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen masu hankali ga launi.
4.5 Tsarin Radiation
Zanen radiation yana kwatanta rarraba sararin samaniya na ƙarfin haske, yana tabbatar da matsakaicin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130. Tsarin yawanci lambertian ne ko kusa da lambertian don irin wannan fakitin.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
5.1 Girmamin Fakitin
SMD LED 15-21 yana da ƙaramin girma. Muhimman girmomi (a cikin mm, jurewa ±0.1mm sai dai an lura) sun haɗa da tsawon jiki na 2.0 mm, faɗin 1.25 mm, da tsayi na 0.8 mm. Cikakken zanen ya ƙayyade tazarar kafet da cikakkun bayanai don ƙirar tsarin ƙasa na PCB.
5.2 Gano Polarity
An yiwa cathode alama a sarari akan fakitin. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen polarity yayin haɗawa don hana lalacewar na'urar.
6. Jagororin Gini da Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Siffar Sake Ginin Gini
Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin sake gini na infrared da tururi. Ana ba da shawarar siffar gini mara gubar:
- Zafin farko: 150-200°C na dakika 60-120.
- Lokacin sama da ruwa (217°C): dakika 60-150.
- Matsakaicin zafin jiki: 260°C matsakaici, an riƙe shi ba fiye da dakika 10 ba.
- Matsakaicin ƙimar dumama: 6°C/sec, matsakaicin ƙimar sanyaya: 3°C/sec.
Bai kamata a yi sake ginin gini fiye da sau biyu ba.
6.2 Ginin Hannu
Idan ginin hannu ya zama dole, yi amfani da gwangwanin gini tare da zafin ƙarshen ƙasa da 350°C. Lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba, tare da tazarar aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin ginin kowane tasha. Ƙarfin gwangwanin gini ya kamata ya zama 25W ko ƙasa da haka don guje wa girgizar zafi.
6.3 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi
Ana sanya LED a cikin jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da busassun abu. - Kada a buɗe jakar har sai an shirya don amfani. - Bayan buɗewa, LED da ba a yi amfani da su ba ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. - "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗe jakar shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). - Idan an wuce rayuwar bene ko busassun abu ya nuna shigar danshi, ana buƙatar bushewa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.
7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
Ana ba da LED akan tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm, wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita inci 7. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 2000. An ba da cikakkun bayanai na reel da tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya don saitin mai ciyarwa ta atomatik.
7.2 Bayanin Alamar
Alamar reel tana ƙunshe da mahimman bayanai don gano asali da ganewa: Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfur (P/N), Yawan Tattarawa (QTY), da takamaiman lambobin kwandon don Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT), Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (HUE), da Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba (REF), tare da Lambar Rukuni.
8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
8.1 Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki
Mahimmanci: Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na waje a cikin jerin tare da LED. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da ƙarancin ƙimar zafi da jurewar samarwa. Haɗin kai kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki, ko da kaɗan sama da matsakaicin VF, na iya haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki mara sarrafawa wanda ke haifar da gazawar nan take.
8.2 Tsarin PCB
Tabbatar cewa tsarin ƙasa na PCB ya dace da shafin ƙafa da aka ba da shawarar. Ka ba da isasshen yanki na tagulla don watsa zafi, musamman lokacin aiki a ƙarfin lantarki mai girma ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma. Guji damuwa na injiniya akan jikin LED yayin da bayan gini.
8.3 Kariya daga ESD
Na'urar tana da ƙimar hankali na ESD na 150V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Ya kamata a bi ƙa'idodin kula da ESD na yau da kullun yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa.
9. Bayanin Daidaito da Muhalli
Samfurin ya yi daidai da mahimman dokokin muhalli: RoHS: Samfurin ba shi da gubar kuma ya bi umarnin ƙuntata abubuwa masu haɗari. REACH: Ya bi ka'idar Rajista, Ƙima, Izini da Ƙuntatawa na Sinadarai na EU. Ba shi da Halogen: Ya bi buƙatun marasa halogen (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl <1500 ppm).
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)10.1 Me ya sa LED na ta gaza nan da nan bayan kunna wutar lantarki? Dalili na yawanci shine rashin resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a cikin jerin. LED na'urori ne masu motsa ƙarfin lantarki. Haɗa su kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da wuce gona da iri na ƙarfin lantarki. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor da aka ƙidaya bisa ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙimar kwandon don aminci), da ƙarfin lantarki na aiki da ake so.
10.2 Zan iya amfani da wannan LED a waje? Kewayon zafin aiki shine -40°C zuwa +85°C, wanda ya ƙunshi yanayi da yawa na waje. Duk da haka, babban iyaka don amfani da waje sau da yawa shine juriyar fakitin ga danshi da radiation na UV, wanda ba a ƙayyade shi ba don wannan daidaitaccen kayan kasuwanci. Don yanayi mai tsanani, yi la'akari da na'urori da aka ƙayyade musamman don amfani da waje ko mota.
10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon akan alamar? Lambobin kwandon (misali, ZQ1R1N) sun dace da takamaiman rarraba aiki. "Q1" yana nuna kwandon ƙarfin haske (72-90 mcd), "R1" wani ɓangare ne na lambar samfurin ciki, kuma "N" na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da wasu halaye. Filayen alamar CAT, HUE, da REF suna bayyana a sarari Ƙarfin Hasken, Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa, da kwandunan Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Gaba, bi da bi.
10.4 An yarda da gyara/sake aiki bayan gini? Ba a ba da shawarar gyara ba. Idan ya zama dole sosai, yi amfani da gwangwanin gini mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan haɗin gini ko jikin LED. Koyaushe tabbatar da cewa halayen LED ba su lalace ba bayan kowane sake aiki.
11. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani
11.1 Ƙirar Allon Nuna Matsayi Yi la'akari da allon sarrafawa da ke buƙatar alamomin matsayi na shuɗi da yawa. Ta amfani da LED 15-21, masu ƙira za su iya samun tsare-tsare masu yawan aiki. Don tsarin 5V, ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor a cikin jerin. Ta amfani da matsakaicin VF daga kwandon 14 (3.7V) da ƙarfin lantarki na burin 15 mA (ƙasa da 20 mA matsakaici don tsawon rayuwa), ƙimar resistor ita ce R = (5V - 3.7V) / 0.015A ≈ 87 ohms. Madaidaicin resistor na 91-ohm ko 100-ohm zai dace. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Dole ne a bi hanyoyin hankalin danshi yayin haɗawa idan ba a gina PCB nan da nan bayan buɗe jakar ba.
12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha
- Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan guntu na semiconductor na Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na InGaN yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kuma ya ayyana tsayin raƙuman ruwa na hasken da aka fitar - a wannan yanayin, shuɗi. An rufe guntu a cikin ruwan tabarau na resin mai tsabta wanda ke kare mutuwa, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da kuma siffanta fitar da haske.13. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin
- Fakitin 15-21 yana wakiltar siffa mai girma a cikin kasuwar SMD LED. Trends na masana'antu na yanzu suna haifar da ƙananan fakitoci (misali, girman awo na 0402, 0201) don ƙaramin ƙarami, mafi inganci (fiye da lumens a kowace watt), da ingantaccen daidaiton launi (ƙaramin binning). Hakanan akwai mai da hankali sosai kan ingantaccen amincin a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da danshi mafi girma don aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu. Wannan na'urar ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar tabbataccen, mai tsada, da samun hasken shuɗi cikin sauƙi, yana daidaita girman, aiki, da sauƙin samarwa.Compliant with the EU's Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals regulation.
- Halogen-Free:Compliant with halogen-free requirements (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl <1500 ppm).
. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
.1 Why did my LED fail immediately upon power-up?
The most common cause is the absence of a series current-limiting resistor. LEDs are current-driven devices. Connecting them directly to a voltage source causes excessive current flow. Always use a resistor calculated based on the supply voltage, the LED's forward voltage (use the maximum bin value for safety), and the desired operating current.
.2 Can I use this LED outdoors?
The operating temperature range is -40°C to +85°C, which covers many outdoor conditions. However, the primary limitation for outdoor use is often the package's resistance to moisture and UV radiation, which is not specified for this standard commercial-grade component. For harsh environments, consider devices specifically rated for outdoor or automotive use.
.3 How do I interpret the bin codes on the label?
The bin codes (e.g., ZQ1R1N) correspond to the specific performance sorting. "Q1" indicates the luminous intensity bin (72-90 mcd), "R1" is part of the internal product code, and "N" may relate to other characteristics. The label fields CAT, HUE, and REF explicitly state the Luminous Intensity, Dominant Wavelength, and Forward Voltage bins, respectively.
.4 Is repair/rework allowed after soldering?
Repair is not recommended. If absolutely necessary, use a dual-head soldering iron to simultaneously heat both terminals to avoid mechanical stress on the solder joints or the LED body. Always verify that the LED's characteristics have not been degraded after any rework.
. Design and Usage Case Study
.1 Designing a Status Indicator Panel
Consider a control panel requiring multiple blue status indicators. Using the 15-21 LED, designers can achieve high-density layouts. For a 5V system, a series resistor value is calculated. Using the maximum VF from bin 14 (3.7V) and a target current of 15 mA (below the 20 mA max for longer life), the resistor value is R = (5V - 3.7V) / 0.015A ≈ 87 ohms. A standard 91-ohm or 100-ohm resistor would be suitable. The wide 130-degree viewing angle ensures visibility from various angles. The moisture sensitivity procedures must be followed during assembly if the PCBs are not soldered immediately after bag opening.
. Technical Principle Introduction
This LED is based on an Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) semiconductor chip. When a forward voltage is applied, electrons and holes recombine in the active region of the semiconductor, releasing energy in the form of photons. The specific composition of the InGaN alloy determines the bandgap energy, which in turn defines the wavelength of the emitted light—in this case, blue. The chip is encapsulated in a clear resin lens which protects the die, provides mechanical stability, and shapes the light output beam.
. Industry Trends and Context
The 15-21 package represents a mature form factor in the SMD LED market. Current industry trends are driving towards even smaller packages (e.g., 0402, 0201 metric sizes) for ultra-miniaturization, higher efficiency (more lumens per watt), and improved color consistency (tighter binning). There is also a strong focus on enhanced reliability under higher temperature and humidity conditions for automotive and industrial applications. This device fits well into applications where a proven, cost-effective, and readily available blue light source is required, balancing size, performance, and ease of manufacturing.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |