Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED 12-21/BHC-AN1P2/2C - Shudi - 3.5V - 25mA - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

12-21/BHC-AN1P2/2C na'urar da ake hawa a saman allo (SMD) ce mai fitar da haske (LED) wacce ke amfani da fasahar guntu InGaN don samar da hasken shudi. An tsara wannan kayan don haɗin kayan lantarki na zamani, masu ƙaramin girma, suna ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci wajen amfani da sararin allo da kuma tsarin masana'antu na atomatik.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufa

Babbar fa'idar wannan LED ita ce ƙaramin girmanta na fakitin 12-21, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai idan aka kwatanta da LED na tsohuwar nau'in ginshiƙi. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙirar ƙananan allunan da'ira (PCB), ƙara yawan abubuwan da za a iya hawa, rage buƙatun ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe, samar da ƙananan kayan amfani na ƙarshe. Girmansa mai sauƙi ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikacen da ake ɗauka da ƙanana. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin masana'antu masu mahimmanci ciki har da RoHS, EU REACH, kuma ba shi da halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm), wanda ya sa ya dace da nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu.

1.2 Aikace-aikace

Aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da hasken baya na allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, da alamomi; nuni da hasken baya a cikin na'urorin sadarwa kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks; hasken baya mai lebur don allunan nuni na ruwa (LCD); da kuma amfani na gama gari na nuni.

2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Ma'aunin Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, mai ma'ana game da mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, haske, da zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanin.

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin matsin lamba wanda bayansu na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a ko sama da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Juyawa (V_R):5V. Wuce gona da iri wannan ƙarfin wutar a juyawar baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (I_F):25 mA. Matsakaicin halin DC wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akai-akai.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (I_FP):100 mA. Wannan yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle 1/10 @ 1kHz) kuma kada a yi amfani da shi don aikin DC.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):110 mW. Matsakaicin wutar da fakitin zai iya watsawa, wanda aka lissafta kamar yadda ƙarfin wutar gaba ya ninka ta halin gaba, la'akari da iyakokin zafi.
• Fitowar Wutar Lantarki (ESD) Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM):150V. Wannan ƙaramin juriya ne na ESD, yana nuna cewa na'urar tana da hankali ga wutar lantarki. Dole ne a bi tsarin kula da ESD yadda ya kamata yayin haɗawa da kuma kula da shi.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki), -40°C zuwa +90°C (ajiye). Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da amincin a cikin yanayi daban-daban.
• Zafin Solder:An ƙayyade solder na sake kunnawa a matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. Solder na hannu yakamata a iyakance shi zuwa 350°C na dakika 3 a kowace tashar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin yanayi na 25°C da kuma halin gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v):Ya bambanta daga 28.5 mcd (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 72 mcd (mafi girma), tare da ƙimar da ba a ƙayyade ba. Ana ƙayyade ainihin ƙimar ta hanyar rukunin rarrabawa (duba Sashe na 3). An lura da ƙimar kuskure na ±10%.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (na al'ada). Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa siffa ce ta kumfa na resin mai tsabta, yana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi wanda ya dace da hasken yanki da alamomi.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):468 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon lokacin da rarraba ƙarfin haske ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):470 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ke gani, yana ayyana launi. An ƙayyade ƙimar kuskure na ±1 nm.
• Faɗin Tsawon Tsawon (Δλ):35 nm (na al'ada). Wannan yana ayyana faɗin tsawon hasken da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (FWHM).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):3.5V (na al'ada), 4.0V (matsakaici) a I_F=20mA. An lura da ƙimar kuskure na ±0.1V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Juyawa (I_R):50 µA (matsakaici) a V_R=5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Ana rarraba LED ɗin bisa mahimman ma'auni na haske da na lantarki don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni huɗu na ƙarfin haske, waɗanda aka gano su da lambobin N1, N2, P1, da P2. An ƙayyade kewayon ƙarfin haske na kowane rukunin a sarari, tare da P2 yana wakiltar rukunin fitarwa mafi girma (57.0 - 72.0 mcd). An lura da ƙimar kuskure na ƙarfin haske a cikin teburin rarrabawa a matsayin ±11%.

3.2 Rarrabawar Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon

Ana sarrafa launin shudi ta hanyar rarrabawar matsakaicin tsawon tsawon. Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni huɗu: A9 (464.5-467.5 nm), A10 (467.5-470.5 nm), A11 (470.5-473.5 nm), da A12 (473.5-476.5 nm). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon. Ƙimar kuskure ita ce ±1 nm.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

4.1 Girman Fakitin

Takardar bayanin tana ba da cikakken zanen girma na fakitin SMD 12-21. Muhimman girma sun haɗa da tsawon gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma tazarar kafa da girma. Duk ƙimar kuskure da ba a ƙayyade ba ±0.1 mm ne. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alama akan fakitin, wanda yake da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen alkibla yayin haɗawa.

4.2 Tsarin Marufi

Ana ba da LED ɗin a cikin marufi mai hana danshi. Ana ajiye su a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm, wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita 7-inch. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 2000. Marufin ya haɗa da abin bushewa kuma an rufe shi a cikin jakar aluminum mai hana danshi don kare abubuwan daga danshin yanayi yayin ajiya da sufuri.

5. Jagoran Solder da Haɗawa

Kulawa daidai yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin da kuma hana lalata waɗannan abubuwan masu hankali.

5.1 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi

Wannan samfurin yana da hankali ga danshi. Dole ne a ajiye jakar da ba a buɗe ba a 30°C/90%RH ko ƙasa da haka. Da zarar an buɗe, abubuwan suna da "rayuwar bene" na sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) a ƙarƙashin yanayin 30°C/60%RH ko ƙasa da haka. Idan ba a yi amfani da su a cikin wannan lokacin ba, ko kuma idan mai nuna bushewa ya nuna cikakkiya, dole ne a gasa LED ɗin a 60 ± 5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani da su don cire danshin da aka ɗauka da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin solder na sake kunnawa.

5.2 Bayanin Yanayin Zafin Sake Kunnawa

An ba da cikakken bayanin yanayin zafin jiki na sake kunnawa mara gubar:

• Dafaffen Gaba:150-200°C na dakika 60-120.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (217°C):Dakika 60-150.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Matsakaicin 260°C, an riƙe shi na matsakaicin dakika 10.
• Ƙimar Dumama:Matsakaicin 6°C/daƙiƙa.
• Lokaci Sama da 255°C:Matsakaicin dakika 30.
• Ƙimar Sanyaya:Matsakaicin 3°C/daƙiƙa.

Kada a yi solder na sake kunnawa fiye da sau biyu. Dole ne a guje wa matsin lamba akan jikin LED yayin dumama.

5.3 Solder na Hannu da Gyara

Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, yakamata a yi shi tare da zafin ƙarshen guntun solder ƙasa da 350°C, ana amfani da shi ba fiye da dakika 3 a kowace tashar ba. Ƙarfin guntun solder yakamata ya zama 25W ko ƙasa da haka. Yakamata a bar tazara mafi ƙanƙanta na dakika 2 tsakanin solder kowace tashar. Ana ƙin gyara bayan solder sosai. Idan babu makawa, dole ne a yi amfani da guntun solder mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, don hana matsin lamba na zafi da na injiniya akan guntun LED.

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

6.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu Dole Ne

Takardar bayanin ta faɗi a sarari cewa resistor na iyakance halin yanzu na wajeana buƙata. LED suna nuna alaƙar ƙarfin wutar lantarki mara layi, mai ƙima. Ƙaramin ƙari a cikin ƙarfin wutar gaba sama da ƙimar al'ada na iya haifar da babban ƙari, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu. Za'a iya lissafin ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki - V_F) / I_F. Koyaushe yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanin don ƙira mai tsauri.

6.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da cewa fakitin yana da ƙanƙanta, rushewar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 110 mW) yana haifar da zafi. Don mafi kyawun tsawon rai da kwanciyar hankali na fitar haske, tabbatar da isassun taimako na zafi a cikin ƙirar PCB. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da kafafun tagulla masu girman da suka dace, kuma, idan zai yiwu, ramukan zafi don watsa zafi zuwa wasu yadudduka na allo.

6.3 Kariya ta ESD

Tare da ƙimar ESD HBM na 150V kawai, wannan ɓangaren yana da hankali sosai. Aiwatar da tashoshi na aiki masu aminci na ESD, yi amfani da igiyoyin wuyan da aka kafa, da kuma jigilar abubuwa a cikin kwantena masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki. Yi la'akari da ƙara diodes na murƙushe ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ɗan lokaci (TVS) ko wasu da'irorin kariya akan PCB idan LED ɗin yana haɗe zuwa hanyoyin haɗin waje masu saurin faruwar ESD.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Fakitin 12-21 yana ba da daidaito tsakanin girma da sauƙin sarrafawa. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan SMD LED (misali, 3528, 5050), yana adana sararin allo mai mahimmanci. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan fakitin ma'auni na guntu (CSP), gabaɗaya yana da sauƙin haɗawa da dubawa ta gani. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 ya bambanta shi da LED masu ƙunƙuntaccen katako, yana sa ya fi dacewa da hasken yanki maimakon hasken mai mai da hankali. Resin mai tsabta, sabanin resin da aka watsa, yana ba da ingantaccen ingancin fitar haske amma yana iya bayyana a matsayin madaidaicin tushe mai haske.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'aunin Fasaha)

8.1 Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 30 mA don ƙarin haske?

No.Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma don ci gaba da halin gaba (I_F) shine 25 mA. Wuce gona da iri wannan ƙima zai rage tsawon rayuwar LED kuma yana iya haifar da gazawa nan take saboda yawan zafi ko ƙaura na lantarki a cikin haɗin gwiwar semiconductor.

8.2 Me ya sa ƙarfin wutar gaba ya zama 3.5V yayin da sauran LED shudi ke kusan 3.0V?

Ƙarfin wutar gaba siffa ce ta kayan semiconductor (InGaN) da takamaiman tsarin epitaxial na guntun. V_Fna 3.5V yana cikin kewayon al'ada na LED shudi na InGaN. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin ƙirar wutar lantarki.

8.3 Me zai faru idan ban bi umarnin hankalin danshi ba?

Yin watsi da umarnin MSL (Matakin Hankalin Danshi) na iya haifar da "popcorning" ko rabuwa yayin solder na sake kunnawa. Danshin da aka ɗauka yana juyawa zuwa tururi cikin sauri lokacin da aka dumama, yana haifar da matsin lamba na ciki wanda zai iya fashe resin ɗin LED ko lalata igiyoyin ciki, wanda ke haifar da gazawa nan take ko a ɓoye.

9. Ƙirar Aiki da Misalin Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar alamar yanayi don na'urar da ake ɗauka.LED 12-21 zaɓi ne mai kyau saboda ƙaramin girmansa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi rukunin P1 don ƙarfin haske (45-57 mcd) don tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani, da kuma rukunin A10 don matsakaicin tsawon tsawon (467.5-470.5 nm) don daidaitaccen launin shudi. Ana amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 3.3V. Lissafin resistor na jerin: R = (3.3V - 4.0V_max) / 0.020A. Wannan yana haifar da ƙimar mara kyau, yana nuna cewa 3.3V bai isa ya shawo kan matsakaicin V_Fba. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki (misali, 5V): R = (5.0V - 4.0V) / 0.020A = 50 Ohms. An zaɓi resistor na al'ada na 51-ohm. Tsarin PCB ya haɗa da diodes na kariya na ESD akan layin siginar alama da kuma kafafun taimakon zafi da aka haɗa zuwa filin ƙasa.

10. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha

10.1 Ka'idar Aiki ta Asali

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor da aka yi daga Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Makamashin da aka saki yayin wannan sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi azaman photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na InGaN yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap don haka tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin bakan shudi (~470 nm).

10.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Trend a cikin SMD LED yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ƙananan girman fakitin, da ingantaccen aminci. Hakanan ana mayar da hankali kan ƙarin ƙimar kuskure na rarrabawa don launi da ƙarfi don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi, kamar nuni mai cikakken launi da hasken gine-gine. Ƙoƙarin ƙananan girma yana goyan bayan haɓaka ƙananan fakitin da fasahohin fakitin ma'auni na guntu (CSP). Bugu da ƙari, haɗa na'urorin sarrafa lantarki kai tsaye tare da mutuwar LED (misali, LED masu hankali) yanki ne na ci gaba da ci gaba.