Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED LTST-T680TBWT - Shudi Mai Watsawa - 20mA - 80mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na na'urar LED mai hawa a saman (SMD). An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don tsarin haɗa allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB) ta atomatik kuma ya dace da aikace-aikacen da sarari ya zama mahimmanci. LED ɗin yana da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa, wanda ke ba da rarraba haske mai faɗi da daidaito idan aka kwatanta da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta ko ruwa, wanda ya sa ya dace da manufar nuna alama da hasken baya inda ake son rage haske mai tsanani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari), wanda ya sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya masu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhalli. An tattara shi a kan tef ɗin 8mm da aka nannade akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, wanda ya dace da daidaitattun kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa na atomatik da ake amfani da su wajen samar da na'urorin lantarki masu yawa. An ƙera na'urar don ta dace da tsarin gyarar guduro na infrared (IR), wanda shine ma'auni na masana'antu don haɗa SMD. Halayen tuƙi masu dacewa da I.C. (Da'irar Haɗe) sun sauƙaƙa ƙirar da'ira. Babban kasuwannin da ake nufi don wannan ɓangaren sune kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori na atomatik na ofis, na'urorin gida, da kayan aikin masana'antu, inda ake amfani da su gabaɗaya don nuna matsayi, hasken sigina da alama, da hasken baya na gaban allon.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani game da iyakokin aiki da halayen aikin LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C). Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai dogaro da kuma tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar ɓangaren.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Matsakaicin ƙimar ƙima yana bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba yanayi ba ne don ci gaba da aiki.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):80 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da fakitin LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi. Wucewa wannan iyaka na iya haifar da zafi mai yawa da lalacewar sauri na kayan semiconductor.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (I_FP):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin gaba na gaba na gaggawa da aka yarda, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms). Ya fi girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar halin yanzu na ci gaba kuma yana da alaƙa da walƙiya masu tsauri, masu ƙarfi.
• Halin Gaba na DC (I_F):20 mA. Wannan shine shawarar matsakaicin halin gaba na ci gaba don aiki na yau da kullun. Tuƙi LED a ko ƙasa da wannan halin yanzu yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da tsawon rayuwa.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin wannan kewayon yanayin zafi.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C. Ana iya adana na'urar ba tare da lalacewa ba a cikin wannan kewayon zafin jiki lokacin da ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana yanayin aikin LED lokacin da ake aiki da shi a cikin yanayin da aka ba da shawarar (I_F= 20mA, Ta=25°C).

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):140.0 - 450.0 mcd (millicandela). Wannan ma'auni ne na ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar da aka gane. Faɗin kewayon yana nuna cewa ana samun na'urar a cikin kwandon haske daban-daban (duba Sashe na 3). Ana auna ƙarfi ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da amsawar gani na idon ɗan adam (lanƙwasa CIE).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (na al'ada). An ayyana kusurwar dubawa azaman cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na ƙarfin da aka auna akan-axis (digiri 0). Kusurwar digiri 120 tana nuna katako mai faɗi sosai, halayen ruwan tabarau mai watsawa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λ_P):468 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda rarraba ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar ya kasance a matsakaicinsa. Dukiya ce ta zahiri na kayan semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) da aka yi amfani da su.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Ruwa (λ_d):465 - 475 nm. Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda ya fi wakiltar launin hasken da aka gane, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE. Shi ne ma'aunin da ake amfani da shi don rarraba launi.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine faɗin bakan da aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM). Ƙimar 20nm ta zama al'ada ga LED na shudi InGaN.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F):3.3 V (na al'ada), 3.8 V (matsakaici). Wannan shine faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da 20mA. Ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu (misali, zaɓar resistor na jeri ko direban halin yanzu na dindindin).
• Halin Baya (I_R):10 μA (matsakaici) a V_R= 5V. Ba a ƙera LED don aikin karkatar da baya ba. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna ƙaramin halin yanzu na ɓarna idan an yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya da gangan. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya sama da matsakaicin ƙima na iya haifar da gazawa nan take.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki bayan samarwa. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman haske, launi, da buƙatun wutar lantarki don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Gaba (V_f)

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga faɗuwar ƙarfin gaba a 20mA. Kwandon (D7 zuwa D11) suna da jurewar ±0.1V a cikin kowane kwandon. Misali, kwandon D9 ya haɗa da LED tare da V_ftsakanin 3.2V da 3.4V. Zaɓin LED daga kwandon V_fɗaya zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya tare da resistor na iyakance halin yanzu na gama gari.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V)

Wannan shine rarrabawar haske. Kwandon suna kewayo daga R2 (140.0-180.0 mcd) zuwa T2 (355.0-450.0 mcd), tare da jurewar kashi 11% akan kowane kwandon. Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman matakan haske na iya ƙayyade lambar kwandon ƙarfin da ake so.

3.3 Rarraba Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Ruwa (W_d)

Wannan shine rarrabawar launi. Ga wannan LED na shudi, kwandon sune AC (465.0-470.0 nm) da AD (470.0-475.0 nm), tare da ƙaramin jurewar ±1nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton inuwar shudi a duk LED a cikin taro, wanda yake da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen kayan ado da siginar.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman zane-zane a cikin takardar bayanai (misali, Hoto 1, Hoto 5), ana nazarin abubuwan da suka saba nunawa a nan. Waɗannan lanƙwaso suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na daidaitaccen ma'auni ba.

4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Halin I-V na LED yana da ma'auni. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin gaba sama da ƙarfin gwiwa yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu. Wannan alaƙar da ba ta layi ba shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne a tuƙi LED ta hanyar tushen halin yanzu ko tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu; tushen wutar lantarki na dindindin zai haifar da guduwar zafi da lalacewa. Na al'ada V_Fna 3.3V a 20mA yana wakiltar wani batu akan wannan lanƙwasa.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Gaba

Ƙarfin haske yana kusan daidai da halin gaba a cikin kewayon aiki. Duk da haka, inganci (lumens kowace watt) na iya kololuwa a halin yanzu ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙima. Tuƙi LED a matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba (20mA) yana ba da mafi girman fitarwa amma yana iya rage tasiri kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da ƙaramin halin tuƙi.

4.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

Aikin LED yana da hankali ga zafin jiki. Yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya karu:

- Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F) yana raguwa. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu idan an tuƙa shi da resistor mai sauƙi daga wadataccen wutar lantarki.

- Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V) yana raguwa. Fitar hasken yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, wani abu da aka sani da zazzagewar zafi.

- Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na iya canzawa kaɗan, yana haifar da canjin launi a hankali.

Saboda haka, ingantaccen sarrafa zafi (misali, isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB don nutsewar zafi) yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki mai daidaito.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwasa fitarwar bakan yana nuna kololuwa guda ɗaya a tsakiya kusan 468 nm tare da rabin faɗi na al'ada na 20 nm. Wannan halayen LED na shudi InGaN ne. Akwai ƙaramin fitarwa a wasu sassan bakan da ake iya gani, wanda ke haifar da cikakken launin shudi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin da Halin Polarity

LED ɗin yana zaune a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin SMD na masana'antu. Ana yiwa alama cathode da kore a saman ɓangaren ko tsaga/ɓangarori a gefe ɗaya na jikin fakitin. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen polarity yayin sanyawa. An ƙera fakitin don ya dace da tsarin guduro na infrared reflow da tururi.

5.2 Pad ɗin Haɗin PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara

Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar (sawun ƙafa) don PCB. Bin wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci don cimma haɗin guduro mai dogaro, daidaitaccen daidaita kai yayin sake kwarara, da ingantaccen canja wurin zafi daga LED zuwa PCB. Ƙirar pad ɗin yawanci ta haɗa da haɗin taimakon zafi don daidaita iyawar guduro da watsawar zafi.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Gyarar Guduro ta IR Reflow

An ƙididdige ɓangaren don tsarin guduro maras gubar (Pb-free). An ba da shawarar bayanin sake kwarara wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da:

- Dumi-dumi/jiƙa:Hawawa daga 150°C zuwa 200°C, an riƙe shi na matsakaicin dakika 120 don kunna kwarara da rage girgizar zafi.

- Sake Kwarara (Liquidus):Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin sama da 217°C (matsakaicin zafin jiki na al'ada don guduro SAC) ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa ƙimar da aka ba da shawarar (misali, 30-60 seconds).

- Sanyaya:Ƙimar sanyaya da aka sarrafa don rage damuwa akan haɗin guduro da ɓangaren.

Yana da mahimmanci a siffanta bayanin don takamaiman taron PCB, kamar yadda kauri na allon, yawan ɓangaren, da nau'in tanda suka shafi yanayin zafin jiki da LED ke gani.

6.2 Gyarar Guduro ta Hannu

Idan gyarar guduro ta hannu ya zama dole, ya kamata a yi shi da kulawa sosai. Shawarar ita ce a yi amfani da ƙarfe na guduro a matsakaicin zafin jiki na 300°C, tare da iyakance lokacin guduro zuwa dakika 3 a kowane pad. Ya kamata a yi wannan sau ɗaya kawai don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga fakitin filastik da haɗin wayoyi na ciki.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Tsaftacewa bayan guduro ya kamata a yi shi kawai tare da takamaiman kaushi. Ana ba da shawarar barasa na isopropyl (IPA) ko ethyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na al'ada na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Muggan ko sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik da kayan fakitin.

6.4 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi

Ana tattara LED a cikin jakar shinge na danshi tare da desiccant. Da zarar an buɗe asalin jakar da aka rufe, abubuwan suna fuskantar danshi na yanayi. Ana ba da shawarar sosai a kammala tsarin guduro na sake kwarara na IR a cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) na buɗe jakar. Don ajiya mai tsawo bayan buɗewa, ya kamata a adana LED a cikin akwati da aka rufe tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan abubuwan sun kasance a bayyane fiye da sa'o'i 168, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin guduro don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" (fashewar fakitin) yayin sake kwarara.

7. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

7.1 Hanyar Tuƙi

LED na'ura ce mai tuƙi ta halin yanzu. Mafi yawan kuma mafi sauƙin hanyar tuƙi ita ce resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jeri da aka haɗa zuwa wadataccen wutar lantarki. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V, V_Fna 3.3V, da I_Fda ake so na 20mA: R = (5V - 3.3V) / 0.02A = 85 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 82 ko 100 Ohm zai dace. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar LED da yawa, haɗa su a jeri yana tabbatar da halin yanzu iri ɗaya ta kowace LED, yana haɓaka daidaiton haske. Haɗin layi daya yana yiwuwa amma yana buƙatar daidaita V_Fko kowane resistor na kowane LED don hana cinye halin yanzu.

7.2 Gudanar da Zafin Jiki

Ko da yake watsawar wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa kaɗan (80mW matsakaici), ingantaccen nutsewar zafi har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don tsawon rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali na launi. Yin amfani da pad ɗin PCB da aka ba da shawarar tare da isasshen haɗin zafi zuwa jiragen tagulla yana taimakawa wajen watsar zafi. Guji sanya LED a cikin wuraren da aka rufe ba tare da iska ba.

7.3 Iyakokin Aikace-aikace

An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don kayan aikin lantarki na gabaɗaya. Ba a ƙayyade shi musamman don aikace-aikacen da ingantaccen dogaro ya fi mahimmanci kuma gazawar zai iya haifar da haɗari (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, sarrafa sufuri). Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, ya kamata a samo abubuwan da suka dace da cancanta.

8. Bayanin Tattarawa da Oda

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel

Ana ba da LED akan tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya mai ɗimbin yawa tare da tef ɗin kariya. Faɗin tef ɗin yana da 8mm. Reels suna da diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 2000. Tattarawar ta yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481 don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan haɗawa na atomatik. Tef ɗin yana da aljihunan daidaitawa don tabbatar da daidaitaccen polarity yayin ɗauka da sanyawa.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai (FAQ)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wadataccen wutar lantarki na 3.3V ba tare da resistor ba?

A: A'a. Na al'ada V_Fshi ne 3.3V, amma yana iya bambanta daga 2.8V zuwa 3.8V dangane da kwandon. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa wadataccen wutar lantarki na 3.3V zai iya haifar da halin yanzu mai yawa ga ƙananan-V_Fraka'a ko babu haske don babban-V_Fraka'a. Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor na jeri ko direban halin yanzu na dindindin.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Ruwa da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Ruwa?

A: Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Ruwa (λ_P) shine kololuwar zahiri na bakan haske. Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Ruwa (λ_d) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ya gane, wanda aka ƙididdige shi daga ma'auni na launi. λ_dana amfani dashi don ƙayyadaddun launi da rarrabawa.

Q: Me ya sa akwai rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 168 bayan buɗe jakar?

A> Fakitin filastik na SMD suna sha danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban tsarin guduro na sake kwarara na zafin jiki, wannan danshin na iya zama tururi cikin sauri, yana haifar da matsin lamba na ciki wanda zai iya fashe fakitin ("popcorning"). Iyakar sa'o'i 168 ta dogara ne akan matakin hankalin danshi (MSL) na ɓangaren.

Q: Ta yaya zan iya samun daidaiton haske a cikin tsararrun LED da yawa?

A> Mafi kyawun hanya ita ce haɗa LED a jeri, tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu ɗaya yana gudana ta kowannensu. Idan tsarin layi daya ya zama dole, yi amfani da LED daga V_Fda I_Vkwandon kuma yi la'akari da yin amfani da kowane resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu don kowane LED don rama V_F variations.