Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
- 1.1 Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
- 3.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Vf)
- 3.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV)
- 3.3 Matsayin Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Wd)
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin
- 5.2 Gano Polarity da Ƙirar Pad
- 6. Jagororin Gama-gari da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Shawarar Tsarin IR Reflow (Ba Mai Gubar ba)
- 6.2 Gama-gari da Hannu (Ƙarfe na Gama-gari)
- 6.3 Yanayin Ajiya
- 6.4 Tsaftacewa
- 7. Marufi da Gudanarwa
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel
- 8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 8.1 Hanyar Turawa
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 8.3 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Gargaɗi
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10.1 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Kololuwa da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye?
- 10.2 Zan iya turawa wannan LED a 30mA akai-akai?
- 10.3 Me ya sa kewayon ƙarfin haske ya yi fadi sosai (280-710 mcd)?
- 10.4 Ta yaya zan fassara "kusurwar kallon 120°"?
- 11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
- 12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fasaha na LED na'urar da ake haɗawa ta saman (SMD). An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don haɗawa ta atomatik na allon da'ira (PCB), yana da ƙaramin siffar da ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. LED tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don samar da fitowar haske shudi mai watsawa. Babban aikinta shine a matsayin mai nuna matsayi, mai haskaka sigina, ko don hasken baya na gaban panel a cikin kayan lantarki iri-iri.
1.1 Siffofi
- Ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).
- An yi fakitin a cikin kaset na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch don haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanya.
- Daidaitaccen ƙafar fakitin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antu na Lantarki).
- Matakan turawa masu dacewa da IC (Da'irar Haɗaka).
- Cikakken dacewa da na'urorin sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Ya dace da hanyoyin gama-gari na IR reflow.
- An riga an shirya shi don hanzarta zuwa matakin haɗarin danshi na JEDEC (Majalisar Ƙirƙirar Na'urar Lantarki Haɗin gwiwa) Level 3.
1.2 Aikace-aikace
Wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri a cikin masana'antu da yawa, gami da:
- Kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya da wayoyin hannu).
- Na'urorin sarrafa ofis (misali, kwamfutocin littafin rubutu, tsarin hanyar sadarwa).
- Kayan amfani na gida da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci.
- Kayan sarrafa masana'antu da kayan sa ido.
- Masanan matsayi da wutar lantarki.
- Haskaka sigina da alama.
- Hasken baya na gaban panel da nuni.
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
Waɗannan ƙimar suna bayyana iyakokin da wucewa da su zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):102 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da fakitin LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (IFP):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na lokaci-lokaci da aka yarda, yawanci a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms).
- Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba na DC (IF):30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai aminci.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli wanda aka ƙera LED don yin aiki a cikinsa.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani
Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na yau da kullun na aikin da aka auna a Ta=25°C da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (IF) na 20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.
- Ƙarfin Hasken (IV):280.0 - 710.0 mcd (millicandela). Adadin hasken da ake iya gani da aka fitar, wanda aka auna ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da amsawar gani na idon ɗan adam (lanƙwan CIE). Faɗin kewayon yana nuna cewa ana samun na'urar a cikin kwandon haske daban-daban.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 120 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar da aka auna akan-axis (0°). Kusurwar 120° tana nuna tsarin haske mai faɗi, mai watsawa wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen mai nuna alama.
- Tsawon Zango Kololuwa na Fitowa (λP):468 nm (na yau da kullun). Tsawon zango inda ƙarfin gani ya fi girma.
- Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λd):465 - 475 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gane shi wanda ke bayyana launin LED, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na yau da kullun). Faɗin bakan da aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM).
- Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):2.6 - 3.4 V. Faɗin wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da ake turawa a 20mA. Wannan kewayon yana ƙarƙashin rarrabawa.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (IR):10 μA (matsakaici) a VR=5V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin bias na baya ba; wannan ma'auni don dalilai na gwaji ne kawai.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jerin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bisa mahimman ma'auni na lantarki da na gani. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace don haske, launi, da wutar lantarki.
3.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Vf) Rank
An rarraba a IF= 20mA. Haƙuri akan kowane kwandon shine ±0.1V.
- D6:2.6V (Ƙarami) - 2.8V (Matsakaici)
- D7:2.8V (Ƙarami) - 3.0V (Matsakaici)
- D8:3.0V (Ƙarami) - 3.2V (Matsakaici)
- D9:3.2V (Ƙarami) - 3.4V (Matsakaici)
3.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV) Rank
An rarraba a IF= 20mA. Haƙuri akan kowane kwandon shine ±11%.
- T1:280.0 mcd (Ƙarami) - 355.0 mcd (Matsakaici)
- T2:355.0 mcd (Ƙarami) - 450.0 mcd (Matsakaici)
- U1:450.0 mcd (Ƙarami) - 560.0 mcd (Matsakaici)
- U2:560.0 mcd (Ƙarami) - 710.0 mcd (Matsakaici)
3.3 Matsayin Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Wd) Rank
An rarraba a IF= 20mA. Haƙuri ga kowane kwandon shine ±1 nm.
- AC:465.0 nm (Ƙarami) - 470.0 nm (Matsakaici)
- AD:470.0 nm (Ƙarami) - 475.0 nm (Matsakaici)
4. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki
Lanƙwan aiki na yau da kullun (ba a nuna su a cikin abin da aka fitar ba amma an ambata) yawanci za su kwatanta alaƙar tsakanin mahimman ma'auni. Masu ƙira ya kamata su tuntubi cikakken bayanin bayanai don waɗannan zane-zane, waɗanda galibi sun haɗa da:
- Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V):Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, har zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba:Yana kwatanta halayen V-I mara layi na diode.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Zafin Muhalli:Yana nuna raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi, wani muhimmin abu ne don sarrafa zafi.
- Rarraba Bakan:Zanen da ke nuna ƙarfin gani dangane da tsawon zango, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da tsawon zango kololuwa na ~468 nm tare da FWHM na yau da kullun na 20 nm.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
5.1 Girman Fakitin
LED yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin da ake haɗawa ta saman. Duk girmansu yana cikin milimita (mm) tare da haƙuri na gabaɗaya na ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade. Zanen girma na musamman zai nuna tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da tazarar jagora/pad.
5.2 Gano Polarity da Ƙirar Pad
Bangaren yana da anode da cathode. Yawanci ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alama akan fakitin ko ta hanyar ƙirar pad mara daidaituwa. Bayanin bayanai yana ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na PCB (pad ɗin haɗawa) don duka gama-gari na IR da tururi reflow don tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gama-gari da daidaitawa.
6. Jagororin Gama-gari da Haɗawa
6.1 Shawarar Tsarin IR Reflow (Ba Mai Gubar ba)
Ya kamata bayanin martabar gama-gari ya bi ka'idojin J-STD-020B don hanyoyin da ba su da gubar. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da:
- Zafin Rigakafin:150°C zuwa 200°C.
- Lokacin Rigakafin:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
- Matsakaicin Zafi:Matsakaicin 260°C.
- Lokaci Sama da Liquidus:Ya kamata a sarrafa shi bisa ƙayyadaddun manna.
- Jimlar Lokacin Gama-gari:Matsakaicin dakika 10 a matsakaicin zafi (ana ba da izinin zagaye biyu na reflow kawai).
Lura:Mafi kyawun bayanin martaba ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, manna gama-gari, da tanda. Bayanin martabar da aka bayar shine manufa ta gabaɗaya dangane da ka'idojin JEDEC.
6.2 Gama-gari da Hannu (Ƙarfe na Gama-gari)
- Zafin Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C.
- Lokacin Gama-gari:Matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gwiwa.
- Iyaka:Gama-gari sau ɗaya kawai lokacin amfani da ƙarfe.
6.3 Yanayin Ajiya
- Fakitin da aka rufe (tare da desiccant):Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda.
- Fakitin da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ana ba da shawarar kammala haɗawa ta IR reflow cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) na buɗewa.
- Ajiya Mai Tsayi (ba a cikin jakar ba):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen.
- Idan an fallasa >168hrs:Yi gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin gama-gari don cire danshi da hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.
6.4 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gama-gari, yi amfani da kawai takamaiman kaushi. Tsoma LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Kada a yi amfani da ruwayen sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba.
7. Marufi da Gudanarwa
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel
Ana samar da LED a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto don haɗawa ta atomatik.
- Diamita na Reel:Inci 7.
- Faɗin Kaset:8 mm.
- Adadin kowane Reel:Guda 2000.
- An rufe aljihunan fanko da kaset ɗin rufi.
- Marufi ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481.
- Matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da suka ɓace a jere (aljihunan fanko) shine biyu.
8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
8.1 Hanyar Turawa
LED na'urori ne masu aiki da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin turawa LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin ga kowane LED ko kuma a turawa su tare da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na akai. Turawa LED a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen wutar lantarki na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin haske saboda yaduwar halayen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF), ko da a cikin kwandon ɗaya.
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Duk da cewa rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa kaɗan (102 mW matsakaici), ingantaccen ƙirar thermal yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye rayuwar LED da aiki mai daidaito. Tabbatar cewa ƙirar pad ɗin PCB tana ba da isassun taimako na zafi, musamman lokacin aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC (30mA) ko a cikin manyan yanayin zafi. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa zai rage fitowar haske kuma ya hanzarta lalacewa.
8.3 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Gargaɗi
An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don amfani a cikin kayan lantarki na yau da kullun. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincin na musamman inda gazawar zai iya haifar da rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jirgin sama, likita, tsarin aminci), ana buƙatar tuntubar fasaha ta musamman kafin ƙira. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya ba.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Mahimman abubuwan banbance-bancen wannan LED sun haɗa dakusurwar kallonsa mai faɗi 120°tare da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa, yana ba da haske mai laushi, daidai wanda ya dace da masu nuna alama na panel. Amfani dafasahar InGaNyana ba da damar fitar da haske shudi mai inganci. Dacewarsa da daidaitattunhanyoyin reflow na IRdaJEDEC Level 3riga-kafin shiri ya sa ya dace da layukan haɗawa na PCB na zamani, masu yawan gudana. Cikakkentsarin rarrabawadon wutar lantarki, ƙarfi, da tsawon zango yana ba da damar zaɓi daidai don cika takamaiman buƙatun daidaiton launi da haske na aikace-aikace.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
10.1 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Kololuwa da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye?
Tsawon Zango Kololuwa (λP):Tsawon zango a mafi girman batu na lanƙwan fitar da bakan LED (468 nm na yau da kullun).Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λd):Tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda ke bayyana launin da idon ɗan adam ke gani, wanda aka lissafta daga ma'auni na launi na CIE (465-475 nm). Ga LED masu launi ɗaya kamar wannan shudi, sau da yawa suna kusa, amma tsawon zango mai rinjaye ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.
10.2 Zan iya turawa wannan LED a 30mA akai-akai?
Ee, 30mA shine matsakaicin abin da aka ba da shawararƘarfin Wutar Gaba na DC. Duk da haka, yin aiki a matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar zai haifar da ƙarin zafi kuma yana iya rage amincin dogon lokaci. Don mafi kyawun rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali, turawa a ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki kamar 20mA (yanayin gwaji) yana da kyau idan buƙatun haske na aikace-aikacen sun ba da izini.
10.3 Me ya sa kewayon ƙarfin haske ya yi fadi sosai (280-710 mcd)?
Wannan kewayon yana wakiltar jimlar yaduwa a cikin duk kwandon haske da ake samu (T1, T2, U1, U2). Oda na musamman zai kasance don kwandon guda (misali, U1: 450-560 mcd). Tsarin rarrabawa yana tabbatar da cewa kuna karɓar LED tare da daidaitaccen haske a cikin ƙayyadadden, ƙaramin kewayon.
10.4 Ta yaya zan fassara "kusurwar kallon 120°"?
Wannan shinecikakkiyarkusurwar kallo (2θ1/2). Yana nufin kusurwar daga gefe ɗaya inda ƙarfi ya ragu zuwa 50% na ƙimar akan-axis, zuwa ɗayan gefen inda shima ya ragu zuwa 50%. Don haka, LED yana fitar da hasken da ake iya amfani da shi a cikin mazugi mai faɗi sosai na digiri 120, yana sa a iya ganinsa daga kusurwoyi da yawa na gefe.
11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
Yanayi:Ƙirar panel mai nuna matsayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa tare da LED shudi da yawa suna nuna ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da wutar lantarki.
- Zaɓin Bangaren:Zaɓi kwandon haske na U1 (450-560 mcd) don kyakkyawan gani a cikin yanayin ofis. Zaɓi kwandon tsawon zango na AC (465-470 nm) don daidaitaccen launin shudi a duk masu nuna alama.
- Ƙirar Da'ira:Yi amfani da layin samar da wutar lantarki na 3.3V. Da'awar VFdaga kwandon D7 (2.9V) da manufa IFna 20mA, lissafta resistor na jerin: R = (Vsamarwa- VF) / IF= (3.3V - 2.9V) / 0.02A = 20 Ω. Yi amfani da resistor 20 Ω, 1/10W a kowane LED.
- Shimfidar PCB:Aiwatar da shawarar ƙafar gama-gari daga bayanin bayanai. Tabbatar da isasshen tazara tsakanin LED don tsarin hasken da aka watsa kada ya zubar tare.
- Haɗawa:Bi bayanin martabar IR reflow da aka bayar. Bayan buɗe jakar shinge na danshi, kammala haɗawar allon cikin sa'o'i 168.
- Sakamako:Panel tare da masu nuna alama shudi masu daidaito, masu haske waɗanda ake iya gani sosai daga kusurwa mai faɗi, masu aminci don rayuwar samfurin.
12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki
Wannan LED na'urar photonic ce ta semiconductor. Tsakiyarta ita ce guntu da aka yi da kayan InGaN waɗanda suka samar da haɗin gwiwar p-n. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce kofa na haɗin gwiwa (kusan 2.6-3.4V), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka a kan haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman makamashin bandgap na semiconductor na InGaN yana ƙayyade tsawon zango na photon, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin yankin shudi na bakan gani (~468 nm). Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa da aka gina a ciki yana watsa hasken, yana faɗaɗa tsarin fitarwa zuwa kusurwar kallon digiri 120.
13. Trends na Fasaha
LED na'urorin da ake haɗawa ta saman suna ci gaba da haɓakawa zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ƙananan girman fakitin, da ingantaccen daidaiton launi. Ana ƙara ba da fifiko ga ƙuntataccen haƙuri na rarrabawa don duka chromaticity da flux don cika buƙatun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi, kamar cikakkun nuni masu launi da hasken gine-gine. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban a cikin kayan marufi yana haɓaka aikin thermal, yana ba da damar manyan ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙarin fitowar haske daga ƙananan ƙafafun. Dacewa da daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa na SMT masu sauri, ya kasance buƙatu na asali, yana turawa ƙira waɗanda suka ƙarfi a kan matsalolin zafi da na injiniya na gama-gari na reflow.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |