Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED LTST-C150TBKT-5A - InGaN Blue - 5mA - 45mcd - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda tana ba da ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha na na'urar haske mai haɗawa da saman (SMD LED). Na'urar tana amfani da guntu na semiconductor Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) don samar da hasken shuɗi. An ƙirƙira ta don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik kuma ana saka ta a kan kaset da reel don samarwa mai yawa.

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da dacewarsa da hanyoyin gyarawa na reflow na infrared, dacewa da amfani da kayan aikin sanyawa ta atomatik, da kuma rarraba shi azaman samfurin kore mai bin ka'idojin RoHS. Kasuwarsa ta farko ta haɗa da kayan lantarki na masu amfani, fitilun nuna alama, aikace-aikacen hasken baya, da hasken gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar tushen hasken shuɗi mai ƙarami, amintacce.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya

Ba za a iya aiki da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakokin ba don hana lalacewa na dindindin.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Power Dissipation):76 mW. Wannan shine iyakar wutar da fakitin LED zai iya fitarwa azaman zafi a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba na Kololuwa (Peak Forward Current):100 mA. Wannan shine iyakar ƙarfin lantarki na take, wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, 0.1ms faɗin bugun).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba na DC (DC Forward Current):20 mA. Wannan shine iyakar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai aminci.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki (Operating Temperature Range):-20°C zuwa +80°C. Kewayon yanayin zafin da aka ƙera LED don yin aiki daidai a cikinsa.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiyewa (Storage Temperature Range):-30°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon yanayin zafi don ajiyewa ba tare da aiki ba.
• Yanayin Gyarawa na Infrared (Infrared Soldering Condition):260°C na dakika 10. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi da ɓangaren zai iya jurewa yayin gyarawar reflow.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Intensity, I_V):11.2 - 45.0 mcd (mafi ƙanƙanta - mafi girma) a ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F) na 5mA. Wannan yana auna hasken da ake gani na fitarwar haske.
• Kusurwar Kallo (Viewing Angle, 2θ_1/2):Digiri 130 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa, yana nuna tsarin kallo mai faɗi.
• Tsawon Zangon Haske na Kololuwa (Peak Emission Wavelength, λ_P):468 nm (na yau da kullun). Tsawon zango inda rarraba ƙarfin haske ya fi girma.
• Tsawon Zangon Haske na Firamare (Dominant Wavelength, λ_d):465.0 - 475.0 nm a I_F=5mA. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken da ido ke gani.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Haske (Spectral Line Half-Width, Δλ):25 nm (na yau da kullun). Ma'auni na tsabtar haske; ƙaramin ƙima yana nuna tushen haske mai launi ɗaya.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Forward Voltage, V_F):2.65 - 3.05 V (mafi ƙanƙanta - mafi girma) a I_F=5mA. Faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da lantarki ke gudana.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (Reverse Current, I_R):10 μA (maks) a ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V. Ƙaramin lantarki mai ɓarna lokacin da LED ke da baya. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki na baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman sigogi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar ɓangarorin da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun jurewa don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)

Ana rarraba raka'a zuwa kwandon shara huɗu (1-4) bisa ƙarfin wutar gabansu a 5mA, kowannensu yana da kewayon 0.1V. Jurewa akan kowane kwandon shara shine ±0.1V.

• Kwandon Shara 1: 2.65V - 2.75V
• Kwandon Shara 2: 2.75V - 2.85V
• Kwandon Shara 3: 2.85V - 2.95V
• Kwandon Shara 4: 2.95V - 3.05V

3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Intensity Binning)

Ana rarraba raka'a zuwa kwandon shara shida (L1, L2, M1, M2, N1, N2) bisa ƙarfin haske a 5mA. Jurewa akan kowane kwandon shara shine ±15%.

• L1: 11.2 - 14.0 mcd
• L2: 14.0 - 18.0 mcd
• M1: 18.0 - 22.4 mcd
• M2: 22.4 - 28.0 mcd
• N1: 28.0 - 35.5 mcd
• N2: 35.5 - 45.0 mcd

3.3 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zangon Haske na Firamare (Dominant Wavelength Binning)

Ana rarraba raka'a zuwa kwandon shara biyu (AC, AD) bisa tsawon zangon haske na firamare a 5mA. Jurewa ga kowane kwandon shara shine ±1 nm.

• AC: 465.0 - 470.0 nm
• AD: 470.0 - 475.0 nm

4. Bincike akan Lissafin Aiki

Duk da yake an yi nuni da takamaiman lissafin zane-zane a cikin takardar bayanin (misali, Hoto na 1 don rarraba haske, Hoto na 5 don kusurwar kallo), fassararsu ta yau da kullun tana da mahimmanci ga ƙira.

4.1 Halayen Ƙarfin Wuta da Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V Characteristic)

Ƙarfin wutar gaba (V_F) yana nuna alaƙar logarithmic tare da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F). Ba shi da layi, tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kofa (kusan 2.6-2.8V don shuɗi InGaN) wanda ƙasa da shi ƙaramin lantarki ke gudana. Bayan wannan ƙofar, ƙananan haɓakar wutar lantarki yana haifar da haɓakar lantarki mai yawa. Saboda haka, ana tuka LEDs da tushen lantarki mai tsayi, ba wutar lantarki mai tsayi ba, don tabbatar da tsayayyen fitarwar haske da hana guduwar zafi.

4.2 Halayen Ƙarfin Haske da Ƙarfin Lantarki (L-I Characteristic)

Fitarwar haske (ƙarfin haske) gabaɗaya yana daidaitawa da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a cikin babban kewayon. Duk da haka, inganci (lumens kowace watt) na iya kololuwa a wani ƙarfin lantarki sannan ya ragu a manyan ƙarfin lantarki saboda ƙara samar da zafi da sauran hanyoyin haɗuwa marasa haske a cikin semiconductor.

4.3 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Aikin LED yana da hankali ga zafin jiki. Yawanci, yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya karu:

• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):Yana raguwa. Wannan yana da tasiri ga da'irori masu tuka wutar lantarki mai tsayi.
• Ƙarfin Haske/Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Intensity/Flux):Yana raguwa. Manyan yanayin zafi suna rage ingancin quantum na ciki.
• Tsawon Zangon Haske na Firamare (Dominant Wavelength):Na iya motsi kaɗan, yawanci zuwa tsayin zango mafi tsayi (ja-juyi), wanda zai iya shafar fahimtar launi a cikin aikace-aikace masu daidaito.

Gudanar da zafi mai inganci yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

Na'urar ta yi daidai da tsarin fakitin ma'auni na EIA. Duk girmansu ana bayar da su a cikin milimita, tare da jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.10 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade. Fakitin yana da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, wanda ya fi dacewa da guntu na shuɗi InGaN saboda baya canza launin fitarwa (sabanin tabarau mai watsewa ko launi).

5.2 Gano Polarity

Polarity wani muhimmin al'amari ne na shigar da LED. Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da zane wanda ke nuna alamun cathode da anode akan ɓangaren. Yawanci, ana nuna cathode ta hanyar alamar kore, tsaga, ko gajeren jagora/tab. Polarity mara daidai zai hana LED haskakawa kuma yin amfani da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya zai iya lalata na'urar.

5.3 Tsarin Gindin Gyarawa da Ake Shawarar

An ba da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar (sawun ƙafa) don allon da'ira (PCB). Bin waɗannan girmansu yana tabbatar da samar da haɗin gyarawa daidai, daidaitawa, da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin da kuma bayan aikin reflow. Ƙirar gindin kuma tana tasiri hanyar zafi don fitar da zafi daga haɗuwar LED.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow Soldering

An ba da shawarar bayanin reflow na infrared (IR) don hanyoyin gyarawa marasa gubar (Pb-free). Mahimman sigogi sun haɗa da:

• Dumama Kafin (Pre-heat):150-200°C na iyakacin dakika 120 don dumama allon a hankali da kunna flux.
• Matsakaicin Zafi (Peak Temperature):Maks na 260°C.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (Time Above Liquidus):Lokacin da haɗin gyarawa ke cinyewa sama da wurin narkewar man gyarawa yana da mahimmanci don jika daidai. Bayanin a shafi na 3 na takardar bayanin yana ba da nuni na gani wanda ya dace da ka'idojin JEDEC.
• Saurin Sanyaya (Cooling Rate):An ba da shawarar sarrafa sanyaya don rage matsin zafi akan ɓangaren da allon.

An jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar allon, ɓangarorin, man gyarawa, da tanda, don haka ana buƙatar siffa.

6.2 Gyarawa da Hannu (Hand Soldering)

Idan gyarawa da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan:

• Zafin Ƙarfe (Iron Temperature):Maks 300°C.
• Lokacin Gyarawa (Soldering Time):Maks dakika 3 kowane haɗi.
• Iyaka (Limit):Ya kamata a yi gyarawa da hannu sau ɗaya kawai don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga fakitin filastik da guntu na semiconductor.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gyarawa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Ana ba da shawarar nutsar da LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Amfani da sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata kayan fakitin filastik ko ruwan tabarau.

6.4 Ajiyewa da Sarrafawa

• Hattara na ESD (ESD Precautions):LEDs suna da hankali ga fitar da wutar lantarki ta electrostatic (ESD). Sarrafawa tare da igiyoyin wuyan hannu, safofin hannu masu hana wutar lantarki, da akan kayan aikin da aka kafa daidai ya zama wajibi.
• Hankalin Danshi (Moisture Sensitivity):Fakitin yana da hankali ga danshi. Da zarar an buɗe asalin jakar hana danshi (mai busassun abu), ya kamata a yi amfani da ɓangarorin a cikin mako guda idan an adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Don ajiyewa mai tsawo daga asalin jakar, ana buƙatar ajiyewa a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. ɓangarorin da aka adana fiye da mako guda a wajen asalin fakitin ya kamata a gasa (misali, a 60°C na sa'o'i 20) kafin gyarawa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "gyaɗa" yayin reflow.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da na'urar a cikin fakitin ma'auni na masana'antu don haɗawa ta atomatik:

• Girman Reel:Diamita inci 7.
• Adadin Kowane Reel:Guda 3000.
• Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda:Guda 500 don sauran adadi.
• Ƙayyadaddun Kaset:Ya dace da ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994. Ana rufe aljihun ɓangarorin da ba kowa tare da madaidaicin kaset na sama.
• ɓangarorin da Bace (Missing Components):Matsakaicin adadin ɓangarorin da bace a jere ("fitilun da bace") a cikin kaset shine biyu.

8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙirƙira

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Alamomin Matsayi (Status Indicators):Fitilun wutar lantarki, haɗin kai, ko matsayin aiki akan kayan lantarki na masu amfani, na'urori, da kayan aikin masana'antu.
• Hasken Baya (Backlighting):Don ƙananan nunin LCD, maɓallan maɓalli, ko allunan ado.
• Hasken Ado (Decorative Lighting):A cikin alamun kasuwanci, hasken ƙara, ko na'urorin masu amfani.
• Tsarin Na'urori masu Auna (Sensor Systems):A matsayin tushen haske don na'urori masu auna haske ko masu katsewa.

Sanarwa Mai Muhimmanci:Takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade cewa waɗannan LEDs an yi niyya ne don kayan lantarki na yau da kullun. Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintacce na musamman, musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da barazana ga rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jiragen sama, na'urorin likitanci, tsarin tsaro), suna buƙatar tuntuba da amincewa da farko.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙirƙira na Da'ira

• Ƙuntatawa na Lantarki (Current Limiting):Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai ƙuntatawa na jeri ko takamaiman IC mai tuka LED mai tsayayyen lantarki. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanin don tabbatar da cewa lantarki bai wuce iyaka ba ko da tare da bambancin ɓangare zuwa ɓangare.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Power Dissipation):Tabbatar da ƙididdigar wutar lantarki (P = V_F* I_F) bai wuce iyakar ma'auni na gabaɗaya na 76 mW ba, la'akari da mafi munin yanayin V_Fda yanayin zafin muhalli.
• Kariya daga Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (Reverse Voltage Protection):Idan akwai yuwuwar a yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (misali, a cikin da'irori na AC ko tare da kaya masu jan hankali), ya kamata a sanya diode mai kariya a layi daya da LED (cathode zuwa anode) don manne ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya.
• Gudanar da Zafi (Thermal Management):Don ƙira masu aiki a manyan ƙarfin lantarki ko a cikin manyan yanayin zafin muhalli, tabbatar da PCB yana ba da sauƙin zafi mai isa. Gindin tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa allunan ƙasa/wutar lantarki na iya taimakawa fitar da zafi.

9. Gabatarwar Fasaha da Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan guntu na semiconductor Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). InGaN kayan semiconductor ne mai tsayayyen bandgap wanda za'a iya daidaita ƙarfin bandgap ta hanyar bambanta rabon Indium zuwa Gallium. Don LEDs shuɗi, ana amfani da takamaiman abun da ke ciki wanda ke haifar da bandgap daidai da fitar da photon a cikin kewayon tsawon zango na shuɗi (kusan 465-475 nm).

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yanki mai aiki na semiconductor. Suna sake haɗuwa da haske, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Fakitin epoxy mai tsabta yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffata fitarwar haske kuma yana ba da kariya ga muhalli ga guntu na semiconductor mai laushi da igiyoyin waya.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

10.1 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Peak Wavelength da Dominant Wavelength?

Tsawon Zangon Haske na Kololuwa (Peak Wavelength, λ_P):Tsawon zango guda ɗaya inda fitarwar ƙarfin haske ya fi girma. Ma'auni ne na zahiri.
Tsawon Zangon Haske na Firamare (Dominant Wavelength, λ_d):Tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken da ido ke gani kamar yadda aka ayyana ta hanyar amsawar idon ɗan adam (jadawalin launi na CIE). Don tushen launi ɗaya kamar LEDs shuɗi, sau da yawa suna kusa sosai, amma tsawon zango na firamare ya fi dacewa ga fahimtar launi.

10.2 Shin Zan iya Tuka Wannan LED a 20mA na Ci gaba?

Ee, 20mA shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na DC da aka ba da shawarar. Duk da haka, don mafi tsawon rai da mafi girman inganci, tuka shi a ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki (misali, 5mA kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi don gwaji) yawanci ya isa don aikace-aikacen nuna alama kuma yana haifar da ƙaramin zafi.

10.3 Me Ya Sa Akwai Tsarin Rarrabawa (Binning)?

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambanci a cikin V_F, ƙarfi, da tsawon zango tsakanin LEDs ɗaya. Rarrabawa yana rarraba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi tare da sigogi masu sarrafa ƙarfi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kwandon shara waɗanda ke tabbatar da daidaiton haske da launi a duk raka'o'in a cikin samfurinsu, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsararrun LED da yawa ko aikace-aikacen da ke da buƙatun launi masu tsauri.

10.4 Ta Yaya Zan Fassara Kallon Kallo (Viewing Angle)?

Kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 (2θ_1/2) yana nufin kusurwar daga tsakiyar axis inda haske ya faɗi zuwa 50% na ƙimar akan-axis shine digiri 65. Saboda haka, jimillar faɗin kusurwar katakon a rabin wutar lantarki shine digiri 130. Wannan yana nuna tsarin haske mai faɗi sosai, mai watsewa wanda ya dace da hasken yanki mai faɗi ko alamun da ake buƙatar ganinsu daga kusurwoyi da yawa.