Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED LTST-S320TBKT - Duba Daga Gefe - 3.2x1.6x1.2mm - 2.8-3.8V - 76mW - Blue InGaN - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na ƙaramin LED na Surface Mount Device (SMD) mai dubawa daga gefe. An ƙera na'urar don haɗa allon da'irar da aka buga ta atomatik kuma ya dace da aikace-aikacen da sarari ya zama matsalar gaske. Girman sa mai ƙarancin girma da ingantaccen aiki sun sa ya zama kayan aiki mai kyau don kayan lantarki na zamani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da fitowar sa mai haske sosai daga guntu na semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride), faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130, da cikakkiyar dacewa da daidaitattun hanyoyin IR reflow soldering da ake amfani da su wajen samarwa mai yawa. Kunshin yana da kayan tin plating don inganta solderability kuma ana ba da shi akan kaset ɗin daidaitaccen masana'antu na 8mm da reels na inci 7 don ingantaccen sarrafa atomatik na ɗauka da sanyawa.

Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan lantarki na masu amfani da masana'antu. Ana amfani da shi akai-akai don nuna matsayi, hasken baya na maɓalli ko maɓalli, hasken alama akan allunan sarrafawa, da haɗawa cikin ƙananan nuni. Amintaccen sa da aiki sun dace da kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori na sarrafa ofis, kayan aikin gida, da nau'ikan tsarin sarrafa masana'antu daban-daban.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakkiyar sigogi na lantarki da na haske yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar daidai da cimma aikin da ake so.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. An ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):76 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsar da ita a matsayin zafi cikin aminci.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (IF):20 mA DC. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai aminci.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba Mai Kololuwa:100 mA, ana yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms). Wucewa da ƙimar DC, ko da na ɗan lokaci, na iya lalata LED.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-20°C zuwa +80°C. An tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin muhalli.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-30°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder:Yana jurewa IR reflow soldering tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10, wanda shine ma'auni don hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Waɗannan su ne sigogi na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a Ta=25°C da ƙarfin wutar gaba (IF) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Haske (Iv):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin millicandelas (mcd) 28.0 zuwa matsakaicin mcd 180.0. Ainihin ƙimar an ƙaddara ta ta hanyar bin rank na na'urar (duba Sashe na 3).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 130. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar da aka auna akan axis na tsakiya. An ƙera kunshin dubawa daga gefe don fitar da haske a kai tsaye zuwa jirgin da aka ɗora, yana mai da wannan sigogi mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen hasken gefe.
• Tsawon Tsinkaya Mai Kololuwa (λP):Yawanci nanomita 468 (nm), yana sanya shi a yankin shuɗi na bakan gani.
• Tsawon Tsinkaya Mai Rinjaye (λd):Ya bambanta daga 465.0 nm zuwa 475.0 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsinkaya guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani wanda ke ayyana launi.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Tsinkaya (Δλ):Kimanin 25 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar tsinkaya ko faɗin band na fitowar hasken shuɗi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):Ya bambanta daga Volts 2.8 zuwa 3.8 a 20 mA. Wannan shine raguwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki kuma yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar direba.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (IR):Matsakaicin microamperes (μA) 10 lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar baya (VR) na 5V. Ba a ƙera LED don aikin karkatar da baya ba; wannan sigogi ne kawai don dalilai na gwaji.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe Bin

Saboda bambance-bambancen masana'antu, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urori tare da ƙayyadaddun halaye don daidaitaccen aikin aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabe Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF)

Ana rarraba LED ta hanyar raguwar ƙarfin wutar gaba a 20 mA. Kwandon ya bambanta daga D7 (2.80V - 3.00V) zuwa D11 (3.60V - 3.80V), tare da jurewar ±0.1V a kowace kwandon. Zaɓin LED daga kwandon VF ɗaya yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske da rarraba halin yanzu lokacin da aka haɗa na'urori da yawa a layi daya.

3.2 Rarrabe Ƙarfin Haske (Iv)

Wannan shine babban rarrabe haske. An ayyana kwandon a matsayin N (28.0-45.0 mcd), P (45.0-71.0 mcd), Q (71.0-112.0 mcd), da R (112.0-180.0 mcd), tare da jurewar ±15% a kowace kwandon. Wannan yana ba da damar sarrafa daidai matakin fitar da haske a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

3.3 Rarrabe Tsawon Tsinkaya Mai Rinjaye (λd)

Ana rarraba LED ta wurin launi. Don wannan LED shuɗi, kwandon su ne AC (465.0-470.0 nm) da AD (470.0-475.0 nm), tare da ƙaramin jurewar ±1 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da ƙaramin bambancin launi tsakanin LED daban-daban a cikin jeri ko nuni.

4. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Halayen I-V ba ta da layi. Lankwasa ta nuna cewa ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin wutar lantarki fiye da bakin kofa (~2.8V) yana haifar da saurin ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu. Don haka, dole ne a kunna LED ta hanyar tushen da aka iyakance halin yanzu, ba tushen wutar lantarki akai-akai ba, don hana guduwar zafi da lalacewa.

4.2 Ƙarfin Haske da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana daidai da kusan ƙarfin wutar gaba a cikin kewayon aikin da aka ƙidaya. Duk da haka, inganci (lumens a kowace watt) na iya raguwa a manyan halayen yanzu saboda ƙaruwar samar da zafi.

4.3 Rarraba Tsinkaya

Jadawalin fitar da tsinkaya yana nuna kololuwa guda ɗaya a kusa da 468 nm, halayen LED shuɗi na tushen InGaN. Ƙaramin rabin faɗin yana nuna kyakkyawan jikewa launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar ta yi daidai da ƙafar SMD na daidaitaccen masana'antu. Manyan girma sun haɗa da tsawon jiki na kusan 3.2 mm, faɗin 1.6 mm, da tsayi na 1.2 mm. Duk jurewar yawanci ±0.1 mm ne. Zanen dubawa daga gefe yana nufin babban filin fitar da haske yana kan ƙaramin gefen kunshin.

5.2 Tsarin Pad na PCB da Polarity

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (ƙafar ƙafa) don ƙirar PCB. Tashar cathode (maras kyau) yawanci ana gano ta ta hanyar alamar gani akan kunshin LED, kamar tsaga, kore dot, ko yanke kusurwa. Silkscreen na PCB ya kamata a bayyana polarity a fili don hana kurakurai na haɗawa. Girman pad daidai da tazara suna da mahimmanci don cimma haɗin gwiwar solder mai aminci da hana kabari yayin reflow.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin IR Reflow Soldering

An ƙididdige na'urar don hanyoyin solder marasa gubar (Pb-free). Shahararriyar bayanin ta haɗa da yankin pre-heat (150-200°C), haɓaka da aka sarrafa, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin a matsakaicin zafin jiki na dakika 10 matsakaicin. Ya kamata a iyakance adadin sake zagayowar reflow zuwa biyu. Wannan bayanin ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na JEDEC don tabbatar da amincin kunshin da ingantattun haɗin lantarki.

6.2 Ajiya da Gudanarwa

LED suna da damuwa da danshi (MSL 3). Lokacin da aka adana su a cikin ainihin jakar shinge na danshi mai rufewa tare da desiccant, suna da rayuwar shinge na shekara guda a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin mako guda a ƙarƙashin yanayin muhalli na ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan an fallasa na tsawon lokaci, ana buƙatar gasa a 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin solder don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" (fashewar kunshin yayin reflow).

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi na tushen barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ko ethyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Mugayen ko sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko kunshin.

6.4 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Wannan LED yana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne a sami ingantattun sarrafawa na ESD a wurin yayin gudanarwa da haɗawa. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da tashoshi na aiki na ƙasa, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, tabarma na bene masu ɗaukar hoto, da kunshin anti-static.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tape da Reel

Ana ba da abubuwan da ke kan kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto tare da faɗin 8 mm. Ana nannade kaset ɗin akan daidaitaccen reel mai diamita inci 7 (178 mm). Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 3000. An rufe kaset ɗin tare da murfin kariya. Kunshin ya yi daidai da ma'auni na ANSI/EIA-481.

7.2 Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda

Daidaitaccen adadin kunshin shine reel ɗaya (guda 3000). Don adadin da bai cika cikakken reel ba, akwai mafi ƙarancin fakitin guda 500 don sauran kayayyaki.

8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙirƙira

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Direba

Koyaushe yi amfani da direba na halin yanzu akai-akai ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da LED lokacin da aka kunna shi daga tushen wutar lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_source - VF_LED) / I_desired. Ganin kewayon VF (2.8-3.8V), ƙira don mafi munin yanayi don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai taɓa wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga ba, ko da tare da na'urar VF mai ƙasa.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa (76 mW), ingantaccen sarrafa zafi har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don tsawon rai da kiyaye fitar da haske. Tabbatar cewa PCB yana da isasshen yanki na jan ƙarfe da aka haɗa zuwa pad ɗin zafi na LED (idan ya dace) ko pad ɗin solder don fitar da zafi. Yin aiki a manyan yanayin zafi ko a matsakaicin halin yanzu zai rage rayuwar na'urar.

8.3 Haɗaɗɗiyar Haske

Bayanan fitar da haske daga gefe yana da kyau don fitilar hasken gefe, hasken alama akan saman tsaye, ko samar da hasken baya don maɓallai kusa da PCB. Yi la'akari da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 lokacin ƙirar bututun haske ko masu watsawa don tabbatar da daidaitaccen hasken yankin da ake nufi.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na SMD na saman sama, wannan bambance-bambancen dubawa daga gefe yana ba da fa'ida ta injiniya don ƙirar da aka takura da sarari inda ake buƙatar fitar da haske a layi daya da jirgin PCB. Amfani da guntu na InGaN yana ba da inganci mafi girma da fitowar shuɗi mai haske idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi. Dacewarsa da daidaitaccen IR reflow da kunshin tape-da-reel sun sa ya zama mai tsada don samarwa mai yawa ta atomatik, yana bambanta shi da LED da ke buƙatar solder na hannu.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

10.1 Shin Zan iya kunna wannan LED kai tsaye daga wutar lantarki na 5V?

A'a. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 5V zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu, yana lalata LED nan take. Dole ne koyaushe ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere ko na musamman mai kunna LED na halin yanzu akai-akai.

10.2 Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon tsinkaya mai kololuwa da tsawon tsinkaya mai rinjaye?

Tsawon tsinkaya mai kololuwa (λP) shine tsawon tsinkaya inda fitar da ƙarfin tsinkaya ya fi girma. Tsawon tsinkaya mai rinjaye (λd) an samo shi ne daga ma'auni na launi akan zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar launin da ake gani. Don tushen launi guda ɗaya kamar wannan LED shuɗi, suna kusa sosai, amma λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

10.3 Me ya sa yanayin ajiya ya yi tsauri sosai bayan buɗe jakar?

Kayan kunshin epoxy na iya sha danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na reflow soldering, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsa lamba na ciki wanda zai iya fashe kunshin ("popcorning"). Ƙimar MSL 3 da hanyar gasa suna hana wannan yanayin gazawa.

11. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi don na'urar sadarwa.Panel yana da ƙananan ramuka na tsaye don alamomin matsayi (Wutar Lantarki, Intanet, Wi-Fi). An ɗora LED mai dubawa daga gefe akan babban PCB kai tsaye bayan kowane rami. Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 tana tabbatar da cewa an haskaka alama daidai daga cikin rami. Mai zane ya zaɓi LED daga kwandon ƙarfin haske ɗaya (misali, Bin Q) da kwandon ƙarfin wutar gaba (misali, Bin D9) don tabbatar da cewa duk fitilun matsayi suna da haske iri ɗaya da launi lokacin da tushen halin yanzu guda ɗaya ke motsa su. Tsarin PCB yana bin tsarin pad da aka ba da shawarar, kuma gidan haɗawa yana amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanin reflow mai dacewa da JEDEC.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan na'urar photonic ce ta semiconductor. Ya dogara ne akan tsarin InGaN heterostructure. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki daga nau'ikan semiconductor na n-type da p-type, bi da bi. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa da haske, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman ƙarfin bandgap na kayan InGaN yana ƙaddara tsawon tsinkaya na fitowar haske, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin bakan shuɗi (~468 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy yana rufe guntu, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, da kuma siffata fitar da haske.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Fasahar asali don LED shuɗi, InGaN, ci gaba ne mai ban mamaki a cikin hasken ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki, yana ba da damar LED fari (ta hanyar jujjuyawar phosphor) da cikakkun nunin launi. Trends na yanzu a fasahar SMD LED suna mai da hankali kan ƙara ingancin haske (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace watt), inganta ma'aunin nuna launi (CRI) don LED fari, cimma ingantaccen aminci da tsawon rayuwa, da ba da damar ƙananan girman kunshin don aikace-aikacen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ci gaba a cikin kayan kunshin kuma suna nufin sarrafa zafi mafi kyau da samar da faɗin kusurwar dubawa ko ƙarin tsarin katako da aka sarrafa.