Bayanin Fasaha na LED SMD 19-213/Y2C-CQ1 R2/3T - Raɗa Mai Haske - 20mA - 2.2V Na Yau da Kullun - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfurin

19-213/Y2C-CQ1 R2/3T na'urar LED ce da aka tsara don haɗa na'urorin lantarki masu yawa. Irin launi ɗaya ne, yana fitar da haske mai haske na rawaya, kuma an gina shi ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP da aka rufe a cikin resin mai tsabta. Wannan ɓangaren ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da LED na gargajiya, yana ba da damar rage girman PCB, ƙara yawan ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe yana taimakawa wajen rage girman kayan aiki. Ginin sa mai sauƙi ya sa ya dace musamman ga aikace-aikacen da sarari da nauyi suke da matukar muhimmanci.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED ya samo asali ne daga fakitin SMD da kayan da aka yi amfani da su. Manyan siffofi sun haɗa da dacewa da kaset ɗin 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace da kayan haɗawa na atomatik. An tsara shi don amfani da hanyoyin siyar da reflow na infrared da na tururi, wanda ya dace da dabarun masana'antu na zamani. Na'urar ba ta da gubar (Pb-free) kuma tana bin manyan ka'idojin muhalli da tsaro ciki har da RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). Samfurin kansa ana kiyaye shi cikin ƙayyadaddun RoHS.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

Wannan LED yana da fa'ida kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin ayyukan haskakawa da nuni daban-daban. Aikace-aikacen gama gari sun haɗa da hasken baya na allunan kayan aiki da maɓalli. A cikin kayan aikin sadarwa, yana aiki azaman alama ko hasken baya don na'urori kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks. Hakanan ya dace don samar da hasken baya mai lebur ga LCDs, maɓalli, da alamomi. Ɗabi'ar sa na gama gari ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai aminci ga ɗimbin samfuran lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar alamar rawaya mai haske.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Manufa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike, na haƙiƙa game da iyakokin aiki da halayen aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun (Ta=25°C).

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) shine 5V. Ci gaba da gaba na gaba (IF) bai kamata ya wuce 25 mA ba. Don aikin bugun jini, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IFP) na 60 mA yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin aikin 1/10 a 1 kHz. Matsakaicin ƙarfin watsawa (Pd) shine 60 mW. Na'urar na iya jure watsawar lantarki (ESD) na 2000V bisa ga ƙirar Jikin Mutum (HBM). Kewayon zafin jiki na aiki (Topr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C ne, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya (Tstg) ya fi girma kaɗan daga -40°C zuwa +90°C. An ƙayyade iyakokin zafin siyarwa don reflow (260°C na 10 seconds max) da siyar da hannu (350°C na 3 seconds max a ƙarshen).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana fitowar haske da aikin lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun (IF=20mA, Ta=25°C). Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da kewayon na yau da kullun, tare da takamaiman ƙananan da matsakaicin ƙimar da tsarin rarrabuwa ya ayyana. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) yawanci digiri 120 ne, yana nuna tsarin radiyo mai faɗi. Matsakaicin tsawon zango (λp) yana kusa da 591 nm, kuma tsayin zango mai rinjaye (λd) ya bambanta daga 585.5 nm zuwa 591.5 nm, yana ayyana launin rawaya da ake gani. Faɗin zango na gani (Δλ) yana kusan 15 nm. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci yana auna 2.20V, tare da kewayon daga 1.70V zuwa 2.40V. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (IR) yana da ƙasa sosai, tare da matsakaicin 10 μA a VR=5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a tsara na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki na baya ba; ƙimar VR tana aiki ne kawai ga yanayin gwaji na IR.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da sigogi biyu masu zaman kansu na rarrabuwa.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba fitowar haske zuwa kwandon shara huɗu (Q1, Q2, R1, R2) lokacin da aka tuka shi da 20mA. Kwandon Q1 ya ƙunshi kewayon daga 72.0 mcd zuwa 90.0 mcd. Q2 ya kai daga 90.0 mcd zuwa 112.0 mcd. R1 ya ƙunshi 112.0 mcd zuwa 140.0 mcd. Kwandon fitarwa mafi girma, R2, ya bambanta daga 140.0 mcd zuwa 180.0 mcd. Tolerancin ±11% ya shafi ƙarfin haske a cikin kowane kwandon shara.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsayin Zango Mai Rinjaye

An rarraba launi (tsayin zango mai rinjaye) zuwa kwandon shara biyu (D3 da D4) don sarrafa bambancin launi. Kwandon D3 ya haɗa da LED masu tsayin zango mai rinjaye tsakanin 585.5 nm da 588.5 nm. Kwandon D4 ya haɗa da waɗanda daga 588.5 nm zuwa 591.5 nm. An ƙayyade tolerancin ±1 nm don tsayin zango mai rinjaye.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Bayanin fasaha ya haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙira da'ira da sarrafa zafi.

4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)

Wannan lanƙwan yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin LED da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikinta. Ba layi ne ba, na yau da kullun na diode. Lanƙwan yana ba masu ƙira damar tantance ƙarfin lantarki na aiki don ƙayyadadden ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke da mahimmanci don zaɓar masu hana ƙarfin lantarki masu dacewa ko ƙira masu tuka ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun.

4.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Zafin Yanayi

Wannan jadawali yana nuna dogaron fitowar haske akan zafin jiki. Yayin da zafin yanayi (Ta) ya karu, ƙarfin haske yawanci yana raguwa. Wannan siffa tana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, saboda yana iya buƙatar ramawa ta gani ko ta lantarki don kiyaye haske mai daidaito.

4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Wannan makircin yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙididdigewa tare da ƙarfin lantarki. Yayin da ƙarfin lantarki ya karu gabaɗaya yana ƙara haske, dangantakar ba ta da cikakkiyar layi, kuma inganci na iya raguwa a ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa. Hakanan yana sanar da lanƙwan ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, wanda ke nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba da aka yarda azaman aikin zafin yanayi don kasancewa cikin iyakokin watsawar wutar lantarki.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan da Tsarin Radiation

Lanƙwan rarraba bakan yana jera ƙarfin dangi akan tsayin zango, yana tabbatar da ƙimar kololuwa da tsayin zango mai rinjaye kuma yana nuna siffar bakan haske da aka fitar. Jadawalin radiation (makircin polar) yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 a zahiri, yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haske ke rarrabuwa a sarari.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

Ana buƙatar cikakkun bayanan injiniya don shimfidar PCB da haɗawa.

5.1 Girman Fakitin

Bayanin fasaha yana ba da cikakken zanen girman fakitin LED. Duk ƙayyadaddun da ba a ƙayyade ba suna ±0.1 mm. Dole ne masu ƙira su koma ga wannan zane don ƙirar daidaitaccen tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) akan PCB, tabbatar da siyarwa da daidaitawa daidai.

6. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci ga amincin. Wannan na'urar tana da hankali ga danshi kuma tana buƙatar takamaiman bayanan martaba na siyarwa.

6.1 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi

Ana tattara LED a cikin jakar da ba ta shiga danshi tare da desiccant. Ba za a buɗe jakar ba har sai an shirya abubuwan don amfani. Bayan buɗewa, LED da ba a yi amfani da su ba yakamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% danshi na dangi. "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗewa shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Idan wannan lokacin ya wuce ko kuma mai nuna desiccant ya nuna jikewa, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60 ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

6.2 Bayanan Martaba na Reflow Solder

An ƙayyade bayanan martaba na reflow mara gubar (Pb-free). Manyan sigogi sun haɗa da matakin dumama kafin tsakanin 150-200°C na 60-120 seconds, lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (217°C) na 60-150 seconds, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba wanda aka riƙe na matsakaicin 10 seconds, da sarrafa haɓakawa da ƙimar sanyaya (matsakaicin 6°C/sec da 3°C/sec, bi da bi). Ba za a yi siyar da reflow fiye da sau biyu ba. Dole ne a guje wa damuwa akan jikin LED yayin dumama da kuma warpage na allon bayan siyarwa.

6.3 Siyar Hannu da Gyara

Idan siyar da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne zafin ƙarshen guntun siyar ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, ana amfani dashi ba fiye da 3 seconds kowace tasha ba. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (<25W), tare da dakata aƙalla 2 seconds tsakanin siyar da kowane tasha. Ba a ƙarfafa gyara bayan siyarwa na farko ba. Idan ba za a iya gujewa ba, yakamata a yi amfani da guntun siyar mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, rage damuwa na zafi. Dole ne a tantance yuwuwar lalacewa a baya.

7. Bayanin Tattarawa da Oda

Ana samar da na'urar a cikin daidaitaccen tattarawar masana'antu don haɗawa ta atomatik.

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Reel da Kaset

Ana samar da LED akan kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar nauyi mai faɗin 8mm da aka nannade akan reels masu diamita 7-inch. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 3000. An ba da cikakkun zane-zane na girman kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar nauyi da reel, tare da daidaitattun ƙayyadaddun ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an lura daban.

7.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamar tattarawa ta ƙunshi maɓalli masu mahimmanci da yawa: CPN (Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki), P/N (Lambar Samfur), QTY (Yawan Tattarawa), CAT (Matsayi/Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken), HUE (Haɗin Haɗin Launi & Matsayi/Matsayi na Tsayin Zango Mai Rinjaye), REF (Matsayi na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba), da LOT No (Lambar Lot don bin diddigin).

8. Abubuwan Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Kariyar Da'ira

Ƙa'idar ƙira ta asali ita ce tilastawa amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau da bambancin samarwa. Ƙaramin haɓakar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya haifar da babban haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, wanda zai iya lalacewa idan ba a iyakance shi da resistor ko direba mai ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ba.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Ko da yake ƙaramin ɓangaren SMD, dole ne a yi la'akari da watsawar wutar lantarki (max 60 mW) da rage ƙarfin lantarki na gaba tare da zafin yanayi. Yawan yankin tagulla na PCB a kusa da fakitin zafi (idan ya dace) ko sanyaya allon gabaɗaya na iya zama dole a cikin aikace-aikacen zafi mai yawa ko na ƙarfin lantarki don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai.

8.3 Ƙira ta Gani

Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haskakawa ko ganuwa daga kusurwoyi da yawa. Don haske mai mai da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau). Fakitin resin mai tsabta yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ake son ainihin launin guntu ba tare da yaduwa ba.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor yakamata in yi amfani da shi tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V?

A: Ta amfani da Dokar Ohm (R = (Vsupply - Vf) / If) da ƙimar yau da kullun (Vf=2.2V, If=20mA), R = (5 - 2.2) / 0.02 = 140 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 150 Ohm zai zama wurin farawa mai aminci, amma yakamata a duba mafi ƙarancin Vf (1.7V) don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki bai wuce matsakaicin ƙimar ba.

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan LED tare da filin microcontroller na 3.3V?

A: Ee, amma inganci zai yi ƙasa. Tare da Vf typ=2.2V da samar da wutar lantarki 3.3V, faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki akan resistor shine 1.1V kawai. Don cimma 20mA, R = 1.1 / 0.02 = 55 Ohms. Tabbatar cewa filin microcontroller zai iya samar da/ɗaukar ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata.

Q: Me yasa kewayon zafin ajiya ya fi na aiki girma?

A: Kewayon aiki yana la'akari da halayen semiconductor mai aiki, fitowar haske, da amincin dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin damuwa na lantarki. Kewayon ajiya na ɓangarorin da ba su da aiki ne inda kawai ingancin kayan da ɗaukar danshi suke damuwa, yana ba da damar ɗan faɗin taga na zafin jiki.

Q: Menene launin "Raɗa Mai Haske" yana nufi?

A: Yana bayyana takamaiman launin da kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP ke samarwa, wanda ya dace da tsayin zango mai rinjaye a cikin kewayon 585-592 nm. Raɗa ce mai cikakken cikawa, rawaya mai tsafta idan aka kwatanta da rawaya mai faɗin bakan ko canza phosphor.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira da Amfani

Labari: Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi don kayan amfani na mabukaci.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar alamun rawaya masu haske da yawa masu daidaito akan PCB mai yawan jama'a. An zaɓi LED 19-213 saboda ƙaramin girmansa, dacewa da sanya kai ta atomatik, da kuma bayyanannen rarrabuwa don ƙarfi (an zaɓi kwandon R1 don haske mai yawa) da tsayin zango (kwandon D4 don daidaitaccen launi). Shimfidar PCB tana amfani da daidai girman fakitin daga bayanin fasaha. Ana samun layin dogo na 5V, don haka an sanya resistor na 150-ohm 0805 a jere tare da kowane LED, wanda aka ƙididdige shi bisa ga Vf na yau da kullun. An umurci gidan haɗawa da ya bi bayanan martaba na reflow da aka ƙayyade kuma ya gasa reels idan jakar shinge ta danshi ta buɗe fiye da sa'o'i 48 kafin amfani. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da cewa alamun suna bayyane daga kusurwoyi daban-daban a cikin samfurin ƙarshe.

11. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan guntun semiconductor na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yayi daidai da tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, rawaya (~591 nm). An ɗora guntun a cikin fakitin da aka ɗora a saman tare da epoxy mai ɗaukar lantarki ko solder, kuma an haɗa shi da igiya zuwa jagororin fakitin. Daga nan sai a rufe shi a cikin epoxy mai tsabta ko resin na silicone wanda ke kare guntun, yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffanta fitowar haske, kuma yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

12. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

LED na SMD kamar 19-213 suna wakiltar daidaitaccen masana'antu don aikace-aikacen nuni da hasken baya, waɗanda galibi sun maye gurbin LED na rami saboda ingancin masana'antu da girman. Amfani da kayan AlGaInP yana ba da inganci mai yawa da tsaftar launi a cikin bakan ja, lemu, da rawaya. Trends na yanzu a cikin masana'antar LED gabaɗaya suna ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ingancin haske (lumens a kowace watt), inganta bayyana launi, ƙarin rage girman (misali, fakitin ma'auni na guntu), da haɓaka amincin a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da yawan ƙarfin lantarki. Don daidaitattun aikace-aikacen nuni, fasahar ta girma, tare da mai da hankali kan masana'antu masu inganci, ƙaƙƙarfan rarrabuwa don daidaito, da bin ka'idojin muhalli masu tasowa (marasa halogen, ƙaramin sawun carbon).