Bayanin Fasaha na LED SMD 19-219 Mai Haske Mai Kyau - Girman 1.6x0.8x0.65mm - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.7-2.2V - Ƙarfin Haske 18-45mcd - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

19-219 LED ne na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) wanda ke fitar da haske mai kyau mai launin rawaya. An ƙera shi ta amfani da fasahar guntu AlGaInP wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da ƙaramin siffa, dacewa da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik, da kuma bin ka'idojin muhalli da aminci na zamani kamar RoHS, REACH, da buƙatun rashin sinadarin halogen.

1.1 Babban Fa'ida da Kasuwar Manufa

Girman da ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai idan aka kwatanta da LED na nau'in lead-frame yana ba da damar ƙara yawan tattarawa akan allunan da'ira (PCBs), wanda ke haifar da rage girman kayan aiki da nauyi gaba ɗaya. Wannan ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikacen ƙanana da waɗanda ke da ƙarancin sarari. Ana tattara na'urar a kan tef ɗin 8mm da aka nannade akan reel mai diamita 7-inch, wanda ke sauƙaƙe haɗawa ta atomatik mai sauri. Manyan kasuwannin manufarta sun haɗa da kayan lantarki na masu amfani, cikin motoci, kayan aikin sadarwa, da aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi da ƙarami.

2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na gaskiya game da mahimman sigogi na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ƙayyade don LED 19-219.

2.1 Madaidaicin Iyaka

Madaidaicin iyaka suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba yanayin aiki ba ne.

• Ƙarfin Juyawa (V_R):5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin a cikin juyawa na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):25 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin DC da za a iya amfani da shi akai-akai.
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Gaba (I_FP):60 mA. Wannan yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle 1/10 a 1 kHz) don sarrafa ƙaruwa na wucin gadi.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):60 mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa, wanda aka lissafta kamar V_F* I_F.
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD) Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM):2000V. Yana nuna matsakaicin matakin ƙarfin ESD; har yanzu ana buƙatar matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun.
• Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafin da aka ƙayyade na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
• Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.
• Zafin Solder:Na'urar na iya jure wa sake yin solder tare da kololuwar zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10, ko kuma solder na hannu a 350°C har zuwa dakika 3 kowace tasha.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na I_F= 5 mA da T_a= 25°C, sai dai idan an lura daban. Suna wakiltar aikin yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):18 zuwa 45 millicandelas (mcd). Ana sarrafa wannan fadi mai yawa ta hanyar tsarin rarrabawa (duba Sashe na 3). Matsakaicin juzu'i shine ±11%.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 130 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa, yana nuna tsarin dubawa mai faɗi.
• Kololuwar Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):591 nm (na yau da kullun). Tsawon tsawon tsawon da rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma a kai.
• Mafi Rinjaye Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):585.5 zuwa 594.5 nm. Wannan yana ayyana launin da ake gani (rawaya) kuma yana ƙarƙashin rarrabawa. Matsakaicin juzu'i shine ±1 nm.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm (na yau da kullun). Faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F):1.7 zuwa 2.2 V a 5 mA. Ana sarrafa wannan kewayon ta hanyar rarrabawar ƙarfin lantarki. Matsakaicin juzu'i shine ±0.05V.
• Ƙarfin Juyawa (I_R):10 μA (max) a V_R= 5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman sigogi.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske

Ana ayyana kwandon shara ta mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin haske a I_F=5mA.

• Kwandon M1:18.0 - 22.5 mcd
• Kwandon M2:22.5 - 28.5 mcd
• Kwandon N1:28.2 - 36.0 mcd
• Kwandon N2:36.0 - 45.0 mcd

3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Tsawon Mafi Rinjaye

Ana rarraba LED ta hanyar daidaitaccen tsawon tsawon su don kiyaye daidaiton launi.

• Ƙungiya A, Kwandon D3:585.5 nm
• Ƙungiya A, Kwandon D4:588.5 nm
• Ƙungiya A, Kwandon D5:591.5 nm

3.3 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Gaba

An rarraba su zuwa matakan 0.1V don taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'ira, musamman don lissafin resistor mai iyakancewa da sarrafa wutar lantarki.

• Kwandon 19:1.7 - 1.8 V
• Kwandon 20:1.8 - 1.9 V
• Kwandon 21:1.9 - 2.0 V
• Kwandon 22:2.0 - 2.1 V
• Kwandon 23:2.1 - 2.2 V

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa na Aiki

Bayanin bayanin yana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

4.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki amma ba a layi daya ba. A ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki sosai, ƙaruwar tana da tsayi, amma tana karkata zuwa jikewa a manyan ƙarfin lantarki saboda raguwar inganci da tasirin zafi. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin tuƙi LED a ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙayyade don mafi kyawun haske da tsawon rai.

4.2 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V tana da ƙima, kamar yadda diode ke yi. Ƙananan canji a cikin ƙarfin gaba yana haifar da babban canji a cikin ƙarfin gaba. Wannan yana jaddada buƙatar mahimmanci na direba mai ƙarfin lantarki koyaushe ko resistor na jerin da aka lissafta da kyau don hana guduwar zafi da gazawar na'urar.

4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli

Fitar da hasken LED yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Wannan lanƙwasa tana ƙididdige raguwar ƙimar, tana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske na iya faɗuwa sosai yayin da yanayin zafin muhalli ya kusanci iyakar aiki mafi girma. Gudanar da zafi mai inganci akan PCB yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye haske mai daidaito.

4.4 Lanƙwasa Rage Ƙimar Ƙarfin Gaba

Wannan jadawali yana ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba mai ci gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin yanayin zafin muhalli. Don tabbatar da amincin, dole ne a rage ƙarfin gaba lokacin aiki a manyan yanayin zafin muhalli don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki masu aminci.

4.5 Rarraba Bakan da Tsarin Radiation

Jadawalin bakan yana tabbatar da fitar da launin rawaya mai launi a kusa da 591 nm. Zanen radiation yana kwatanta tsarin fitarwa mai kama da Lambertian tare da faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

Na'urar tana da ƙaramin ƙafa. Manyan girma (a cikin mm) sun haɗa da: Tsawon: 1.6 ±0.1, Faɗi: 0.8 ±0.1, Tsayi: 0.65 ±0.1. Ana gano cathode ta takamaiman siffar pad ko alama a kasan fakitin.

5.2 Tsarin Pad na Solder da Aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawara don ƙirar PCB, tare da girma don pad na anode da cathode. Ƙirar ta haɗa da taimakon zafi da daidaitaccen tazara don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. An shawarci injiniyoyi su canza wannan tsarin bisa takamaiman tsarin samar da PCB da buƙatun zafi.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Sake Solder

An ƙayyade siffar sake yin solder mara gubar: Shiri: 150-200°C na 60-120s; Lokaci sama da ruwa (217°C): 60-150s; Kololuwar zafin jiki: 260°C max na dakika 10 max. An kuma ayyana matsakaicin ƙimar dumama da sanyaya don rage damuwar zafi akan kayan.

6.2 Matakan Kariya Masu Muhimmanci

• Iyaka na Ƙarfin Lantarki:Resistor na waje mai iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki wajibi ne. Halayen I-V na LED yana nufin ko da ƙananan bambance-bambancen wutar lantarki na iya haifar da ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki mai lalacewa.
• Zagayowar Sake Solder:Kada ku sanya LED zuwa fiye da zagayowar sake yin solder guda biyu.
• Damuwa na Injiniya:Kauce wa sanya damuwa ga jikin LED yayin yin solder ko sarrafa allon. Kada ku karkatar da PCB bayan haɗawa.
• Solder na Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki (<350°C) tare da ƙaramin tip ƙasa da ƙarfin 25W. Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar zuwa dakika 3 kowace tasha tare da isasshen tazara sanyi tsakanin jagororin.

7. Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Na'urar tana da damuwa game da danshi (MSL).

• Kafin Buɗewa:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH.
• Bayan Buɗewa:"Tsawon rayuwa" a ƙarƙashin ≤30°C/≤60% RH shekara 1 ne. Dole ne a sake rufe kayan da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin jakar su mai hana danshi tare da desiccant.
• Baking:Idan an wuce lokacin ajiya ko mai nuna alamar desiccant ya nuna shigar danshi, yi baking a 60 ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin sake yin solder.

8. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

Daidaitaccen fakitin shine guda 3000 a kowace reel akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar 8mm. An ba da girman reel don saitin mai ciyarwa ta atomatik. Alamar da ke kan reel ta haɗa da bayanai kamar lambar sashi, yawa, kwandon ƙarfin haske (CAT), kwandon tsawon tsawon mafi rinjaye (HUE), kwandon ƙarfin gaba (REF), da lambar kuri'a.

9. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

9.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Cikin Mota:Hasken baya don kayan aikin dashboard, maɓalli, da allunan sarrafawa.
• Sadarwa:Alamomin matsayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin wayoyi da na'urorin faks.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Hasken baya mai lebur don ƙananan LCDs, hasken maɓalli, da alamomi na alama.
• Nuni na Gabaɗaya:Matsayin wutar lantarki, zaɓin yanayi, da alamomin faɗakarwa a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban.

9.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Da'irar Tuƙi:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba mai ƙarfin lantarki koyaushe. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, la'akari da mafi munin V_Fdaga kewayon rarrabawa.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake ƙaramin wutar lantarki, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan ana aiki a manyan yanayin zafin muhalli ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki don kiyaye fitar da haske da tsawon rai.
• Ƙirar Gani:Faɗin kusurwar dubawa ya dace don dubawa kai tsaye. Don haske mai mai da hankali, ana iya buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambancin LED 19-219 yana cikin haɗin ƙaramin girman fakitin 1608 (1.6x0.8mm) tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske don ajinsa (har zuwa 45 mcd). Amfani da fasahar AlGaInP yana ba da fitar da rawaya mai inganci. Bin ka'idojin rashin sinadarin halogen da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin RoHS/REACH ya sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya masu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhalli. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan LED na rami, yana ba da damar ƙaramin ƙarami da ceton kuɗin haɗawa ta atomatik.

11. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Me ya sa resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki ya zama wajibi?

A: Ƙarfin gaba na LED yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau da ƙaramin juzu'i na samarwa. Ba tare da resistor ba, ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin wutar lantarki ko faɗuwar V_Fsaboda dumama zai iya haifar da ƙarfin lantarki ya ƙaru ba tare da sarrafawa ba, wanda zai haifar da gazawa nan take.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a 20mA akai-akai?

A: Ee, matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin gaba mai ci gaba shine 25 mA. Yin aiki a 20mA yana cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, amma dole ne ku tabbatar cewa an yi la'akari da yanayin zafin muhalli ta amfani da lanƙwasa rage ƙimar. A manyan yanayin zafin muhalli, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yarda ya fi ƙasa.

Q: Menene lambobin kwandon shara (M1, D4, 21) ke nufi ga ƙirara?

A> Suna tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa. Misali, amfani da LED daga kwandon ƙarfin haske ɗaya (misali, N2) yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri. Amfani da kwandon ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya yana sauƙaƙe lissafin resistor mai iyakancewa. Don aikace-aikacen launi masu mahimmanci, ƙayyade kwandon tsawon tsawon mafi rinjaye (misali, D4) yana da mahimmanci.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara tsawon rayuwa na shekara 1?

A> Da zarar an buɗe jakar hana danshi, abubuwan za su iya sha danshin yanayi. Idan ba a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sarrafawa (30°C/60% RH), dole ne a sake yin baking kafin sake yin solder don hana lalacewar fakitin ciki daga faɗuwar tururi mai sauri.

12. Ƙirar Aiki da Misalin Amfani

Harka: Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi tare da LED rawaya iri ɗaya guda 10.

1. Ƙayyadaddun Bayanai:Manufar ƙarfin gaba I_F= 10 mA don daidaita haske da tsawon rai. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki V_supply= 5V.
2. Zaɓin Rarrabawa:Don tabbatar da daidaiton gani, ƙayyade LED daga kwandon ƙarfin haske guda ɗaya (misali, N1: 28.2-36.0 mcd) da kwandon tsawon tsawon mafi rinjaye guda ɗaya (misali, D4: 588.5 nm).
3. Lissafin Resistor:Yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba daga zaɓaɓɓen kwandon ƙarfin lantarki don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Idan ana amfani da Kwandon 22 (V_{F_max}= 2.1V), R = (5V - 2.1V) / 0.01A = 290 Ω. Matsakaicin ƙimar daidaitaccen da ke kusa (300 Ω) zai haifar da I_F≈ 9.7 mA, wanda yake da aminci kuma yana cikin manufa.
4. Tsarin PCB:Sanya LED tare da tsarin pad da aka ba da shawara. Haɗa ƙaramin jigon tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa pad na cathode don ƙaramin ingantaccen zafi. Tabbatar cewa an sanya resistors masu iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki kusa da anodes na LED.
5. Haɗawa:Bi bayanin sake yin solder da aka ƙayyade. Bayan haɗawa, duba ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙarfi don ingantattun fillets na solder da daidaitawa.

13. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Fitar da haske a cikin wannan LED yana dogara ne akan ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor. Kayan guntu shine Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP). Lokacin da aka sanya ƙarfin gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Makamashin da aka saki yayin wannan sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi azaman photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, rawaya mai haske (~591 nm). Resin epoxy mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana kare guntu kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffanta tsarin radiation.

14. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

LED 19-219 yana wakiltar fasahar LED SMD da ta girma. Trends na masana'antu na yanzu a cikin LED na nuni suna ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan fagage da yawa masu dacewa da wannan samfurin: ƙarin ƙaramin ƙarami (misali, fakitin 1005, 0402), ƙara ingancin haske (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace raka'a na shigar da lantarki), da ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani (zafi mai girma, danshi). Haka nan akwai ƙaƙƙarfan tuƙi zuwa ga zaɓuɓɓukan bakan mafi faɗi a cikin girman fakitin guda ɗaya da ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin rarrabawa. Bin ka'idojin muhalli (Halogen-Free, REACH) da aka haskaka a cikin wannan bayanin bayanin yanzu shine tsammanin daidaitaccen abu don abubuwan da ake sayarwa a kasuwannin duniya, yana nuna martanin masana'antu ga buƙatun doka da dorewa.