Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Fasali
- 1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Bincike Mai zurfi
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF)
- 3.2 Binning na Ƙarfin Haske (IV)
- 3.3 Binning na Hue (Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon)
- 4. Bincike akan Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Halin Gaba
- 4.3 Rarraba Bakan
- 4.4 Dogaro da Zazzabi
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin
- 5.2 Tsarin Ƙasar PCB da Ake Ba da Shawara
- 5.3 Gano Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Gyarawa & Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Gyarar IR Reflow (Maras Gubar)
- 6.2 Gyarar Hannu
- 6.3 Ajiya & Sarrafawa
- 6.4 Tsaftacewa
- 7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
- 8. La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zazzabi
- 8.3 Ƙirar Gani
- 9. Kwatanta Fasaha & Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?
- 10.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 30mA akai-akai?
- 10.3 Me ya sa binning yake da mahimmanci?
- .4 How do I interpret the MSL 3 rating?
- . Design-in Use Case Example
- . Technology Principle Introduction
- . Industry Trends
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken bayanai game da ƙaramin fitilar LED da aka tsara don haɗa allon da'ira ta atomatik da kuma aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Na'urar tana amfani da chip na AlInGaP mai haske sosai don samar da hasken rawaya, wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin fakitin ruwa mai tsabta. Manufofinta na farko sune ingantaccen ingancin haske, dacewa da hanyoyin samarwa na zamani, da amincin aiki a cikin yanayi daban-daban.
1.1 Fasali
- Yana bin umarnin muhalli na RoHS.
- Tsayi ƙasa sosai tare da tsayin millimita 0.80 kawai.
- Fitowar haske mai girma wanda fasahar chip AlInGaP ta ba da damar.
- An yi fakitin a kan tef ɗin inci 8 wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita inci 7 don ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Tsarin fakitin EIA na daidaitawa don dacewar ƙira.
- Bukatun tuƙi masu dacewa da matakin dabaru.
- An tsara shi don dacewa da kayan aikin sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Ya dace da hanyoyin gyarar IR reflow.
1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa
Wannan LED ya dace da ɗimbin kayan lantarki inda ake buƙatar ƙaramin girma, haske mai girma, da ingantaccen aiki. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:
- Na'urorin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin salula, wayoyin mara igiya).
- Kayan aikin sarrafa ofis (misali, kwamfutocin tebur, tsarin hanyar sadarwa).
- Kayan amfani na gida da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci.
- Kula da masana'antu da allunan kayan aiki.
- Hasken baya na maɓalli, madannai, da maɓalli.
- Alamomin matsayi da wutar lantarki.
- Ƙananan nuni da hasken alama.
- Fitilu na sigina da na alama.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Bincike Mai zurfi
Sashe na gaba yana ba da cikakken bayani, fassarar haƙiƙa game da mahimman halayen lantarki, na gani, da na zafi na na'urar. Duk bayanan an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi daban.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin kuma ya kamata a guje su don ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.
- Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (IFP):80 mA. Wannan yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms) don hana yin zafi sosai.
- Ci gaba da Halin Gaba (IF):30 mA DC. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin da ake ba da shawarar don ci gaba da aiki.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Juya Baya (VR):5 V. Wucewa wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin karkatar da baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-30°C zuwa +85°C. An ba da garantin na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C.
- Yanayin Gyarar Infrared:Yana jure zafin kololuwar 260°C na dakika 10, wanda shine ma'auni don hanyoyin sake kwararar gubar (maras gubar).
2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani
Waɗannan sune ma'auni na yau da kullun na aiki a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji.
- Ƙarfin Haske (IV):45.0 zuwa 180.0 millicandelas (mcd) a IF= 20mA. An auna ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da madaidaicin lanƙwasa amsa ido na ma'aunin CIE photopic. An sarrafa faɗin faɗin ta hanyar tsarin binning.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 130. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa akan-axis (0°), yana nuna tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi sosai wanda ya dace da hasken yanki.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Fitowa (λP):588.0 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa inda fitowar ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd):584.5 zuwa 597.0 nm a IF= 20mA. Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani don ayyana launi (rawaya). An samo shi daga ma'auni na chromaticity na CIE.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 15 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsarkin bakan; ƙunƙuntaccen faɗi yana nufin launi mai cikakken jikewa, mai tsabta.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):1.8 zuwa 2.4 Volts a IF= 20mA. Faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da halin yanzu.
- Halin Juya Baya (IR):10 μA matsakaici a VR= 5V. Ƙaramin halin ɗigon ruwa lokacin da aka karkatar da na'urar.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Don tabbatar da daidaiton aiki a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara dangane da mahimman ma'auni. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatu don haske, launi, da ƙarfin lantarki.
3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF)
Don launin rawaya, an gwada shi a 20mA.
- Bin F2: VF= 1.80V zuwa 2.10V.
- Bin F3: VF= 2.10V zuwa 2.40V.
- Jurewa kowace kwandon shara: ±0.1 Volt.
3.2 Binning na Ƙarfin Haske (IV)
Don launin rawaya, an gwada shi a 20mA.
- Bin P:45.0 zuwa 71.0 mcd.
- Bin Q:71.0 zuwa 112.0 mcd.
- Bin R:112.0 zuwa 180.0 mcd.
- Jurewa kowace kwandon shara: ±15%.
3.3 Binning na Hue (Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon)
Don launin rawaya, an gwada shi a 20mA.
- Bin H: λd= 584.5 zuwa 587.0 nm.
- Bin J: λd= 587.0 zuwa 589.5 nm.
- Bin K: λd= 589.5 zuwa 592.0 nm.
- Bin L: λd= 592.0 zuwa 594.5 nm.
- Bin M: λd= 594.5 zuwa 597.0 nm.
- Jurewa kowace kwandon shara: ±1 nm.
4. Bincike akan Lanƙwasa Aiki
Duk da yake an yi nuni da takamaiman lanƙwasa a cikin takardar bayanai, tasirinsu yana da mahimmanci ga ƙira.
4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
Halin I-V yana da ma'ana. Dole ne a yi la'akari da kewayon VFna al'ada na 1.8-2.4V a 20mA lokacin ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu. Ana ba da shawarar tushen halin yanzu akai-akai fiye da madaidaicin resistor na jerin don ingantaccen fitowar haske, musamman akan bambancin zafin jiki.
4.2 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Halin Gaba
Fitowar haske gabaɗaya yana daidaitawa da halin gaba a cikin iyakokin da aka ƙayyade. Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a halaye masu girma sosai saboda ƙarin zafi. Ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a ko ƙasa da yanayin gwaji na al'ada na 20mA don mafi kyawun inganci da tsawon rai.
4.3 Rarraba Bakan
Lanƙwasa fitarwar bakan ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da 588 nm (rawaya) tare da rabin faɗi na al'ada na 15 nm. Wannan ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan jikewar launi. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) shine ma'aunin da ake amfani da shi don binning launi, saboda yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da fahimtar launi na ɗan adam.
4.4 Dogaro da Zazzabi
Aikin LED yana da hankali ga zafin jiki. Yawanci, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau (yana raguwa tare da hawan zafin jiki), yayin da ƙarfin haske ke raguwa tare da hawan zafin haɗin gwiwa. Gudanar da zafin jiki mai kyau akan PCB yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaitaccen haske da launi a tsawon lokacin aiki.
5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin
5.1 Girman Fakitin
Na'urar tana da ƙirar ƙafar LED chip ɗin daidaitaccen masana'antu. Manyan girma sun haɗa da tsayin jiki na 0.80 mm (matsakaici), yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen siriri sosai. Duk ƙimar girman girman suna ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an faɗi daban. An tsara kayan fakitin don jure damuwar zafi na gyarar IR reflow.
5.2 Tsarin Ƙasar PCB da Ake Ba da Shawara
An ba da shawarar tsarin kushin gyarar don tabbatar da ingantaccen gyarar da daidaitaccen jeri. Ƙirar ta ɗauki samuwar fillet ɗin gyarar mai kyau yayin da take hana gada gyarar tsakanin tashoshi na anode da cathode. Yin bin wannan shawarar yana da mahimmanci don cimma yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin haɗin atomatik.
5.3 Gano Polarity
Ana yiwa alamar tashar cathode, sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaga, alama mai kore, ko girman kushin daban-daban/ siffa akan tef ɗin da fakitin reel. Daidaitaccen alkiblar polarity yayin sanyawa wajibi ne don na'urar ta yi aiki.
6. Jagororin Gyarawa & Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Gyarar IR Reflow (Maras Gubar)
Na'urar ta cancanci hanyoyin gyarar marasa gubar. An ba da shawarar bayanin sake kwarara, wanda ya bi ka'idodin JEDEC.
- Pre-heat:150°C zuwa 200°C.
- Lokacin Pre-heat:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
- Matsakaicin Zazzabi:Matsakaicin 260°C.
- Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (a kololuwa):Matsakaicin dakika 10. Na'urar za ta iya jure matsakaicin sake zagayowar biyu a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi.
Lura:Mafi kyawun bayanin ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man gyarar, da tanda. Bayanin da aka bayar yana aiki azaman manufa ta gaba ɗaya, kuma ana ba da shawarar siffanta tsari.
6.2 Gyarar Hannu
Idan gyarar hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan sosai.
- Zafin Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C.
- Lokacin Gyarawa:Matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace igiya.
- Gyarar hannu ya kamata a iyakance ga gyara sau ɗaya kawai, ba don samarwa mai yawa ba.
6.3 Ajiya & Sarrafawa
- Hatsarin ESD:LEDs suna da hankali ga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Yi amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu, tashoshin aiki masu tushe, da fakitin anti-static.
- Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL):An ƙididdige na'urar MSL 3. Da zarar an buɗe jakar kariya ta asali, dole ne a yi IR-reflow ɗin abubuwan cikin mako ɗaya (sauri 168) na yanayin bene na masana'anta (≤ 30°C/60% RH).
- Ajiya Mai Tsayi (Bude Jakar):Don ajiya fiye da mako ɗaya, dole ne a adana abubuwan a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan an adana shi fiye da tsawon rai, ana buƙatar gasa a 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin gyarawa.
6.4 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gyarawa, yi amfani da kaushi da aka amince da su kawai. Abubuwan da ake ba da shawarar sun haɗa da barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin jiki na daki. Lokacin nutsarwa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Guji masu tsaftace sinadarai waɗanda ba a ƙayyade su ba waɗanda zasu iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko fakitin.
7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
Ana samar da abubuwan akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya don haɗawa ta atomatik.
- Faɗin Tef:8 mm.
- Diamita na Reel:Inci 7 (178 mm).
- Adadin kowace Reel:Guda 4000 (cikakken reel na daidaitawa).
- Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Fakitin:Guda 500 don sauran reels.
- Tef ɗin Murfin Sama:Ana rufe aljihunan da ba kowa da tef ɗin murfin sama.
- Abubuwan da suka ɓace:Ana ba da izinin mafi girman fitilu biyu masu bi da bi da suka ɓace kowace ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
- Daidaitawa:Fakitin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481.
8. La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace
8.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu
Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko, zai fi dacewa, direban halin yanzu akai-akai a cikin jerin tare da LED. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF. Yi amfani da matsakaicin VFdaga takardar bayanai (2.4V) don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce matakin da ake so ba ko da tare da VF part.
8.2 Gudanar da Zazzabi
Ko da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa (75 mW matsakaici), zafi na iya shafar aiki da tsawon rai. Tabbatar cewa PCB tana da isasshen yanki na tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa kushin zafi na LED (idan akwai) ko kusa da filin ƙasa don yin aiki azaman ma'aunin zafi. Guji sanya LED kusa da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi.
8.3 Ƙirar Gani
Kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 yana ba da haske mai faɗi sosai, mai watsewa. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙara mayar da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (misali, ruwan tabarau, bututun haske). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana da mafi kyau don kiyaye tsarkin launi da matsakaicin fitowar haske.
9. Kwatanta Fasaha & Bambance-bambance
Wannan na'urar tana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da yawa a cikin rukuninta:
- Bayanin martaba:A tsayin 0.80mm, yana cikin mafi ƙanƙan chip LED, yana ba da damar ƙira a cikin na'urori na zamani, siriri.
- Hasken:Amfani da fasahar AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen ingancin haske idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya GaAsP ko GaP LEDs, yana haifar da mafi girman fitarwar mcd a halin yanzu ɗaya.
- Launi:AlInGaP yana samar da launin rawaya mai cikakken jikewa da kwanciyar hankali tare da ingantaccen aiki akan zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi.
- Dacewar Tsari:Cikakken dacewa tare da haɗin SMT mai girma, atomatik da gyarar IR reflow maras gubar yana rage rikitarwar masana'antu da farashi.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λP) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa na zahiri inda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin gani. Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige bisa ginshiƙin launi na CIE wanda ke wakiltar tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke ganin launin ya zama. Don ƙira, λdya fi dacewa don daidaita launi.
10.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 30mA akai-akai?
Ee, 30mA shine matsakaicin ƙimar ci gaba da halin yanzu na DC. Duk da haka, don mafi kyawun tsawon rai da kuma la'akari da yuwuwar hawan zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen, tuƙansa a ko ƙasa da yanayin gwaji na 20mA al'ada ce ta ra'ayin mazan jiya.
10.3 Me ya sa binning yake da mahimmanci?
Binning yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin rukunin samarwa da kuma a cikin rukunoni da yawa. Don aikace-aikacen da daidaitaccen bayyanar yake da mahimmanci (misali, hasken baya na jerin LED), ƙayyadaddun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunƙun ƙunF, IV, and λdis essential.
.4 How do I interpret the MSL 3 rating?
MSL 3 means the package can absorb a damaging amount of moisture from the ambient air. Once the sealed bag is opened, you have 168 hours (1 week) under ≤ 30°C/60% RH conditions to complete the solder reflow process. If this time is exceeded, the parts must be baked to remove moisture before soldering to prevent \"popcorning\" or package cracking during reflow.
. Design-in Use Case Example
Scenario: Status Indicator on a Portable Medical Device
A designer needs a low-power, highly reliable yellow status LED for a battery-operated handheld monitor. The space is extremely limited, and the device must pass medical reliability standards.
- Part Selection:The LTST-C190KSKT is chosen for its 0.80mm height, RoHS compliance, and proven reliability.
- Circuit Design:The LED is driven by a GPIO pin of a microcontroller through a 100Ω series resistor (assuming a 3.3V supply: (3.3V - 2.1Vtyp) / 0.020A ≈ 60Ω, using 100Ω for margin). The current is limited to ~12-15mA, well below the 30mA maximum, to conserve battery life and ensure ultra-long lifespan.
- PCB Layout:The recommended land pattern is used. A small thermal relief connection to a ground plane is added to aid heat dissipation without making soldering difficult.
- Procurement:The designer specifies bins Q or R for luminous intensity to ensure the indicator is clearly visible, and bin J or K for dominant wavelength to get a consistent, standard yellow hue across all production units.
- Assembly:The LEDs are kept in their sealed bag until the production line is ready. The PCB assembly uses a controlled, JEDEC-compliant reflow profile to ensure solder joint reliability without damaging the LED.
. Technology Principle Introduction
This LED is based on Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) semiconductor technology. When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons and holes recombine in the active region, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlInGaP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly corresponds to the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, yellow (~588 nm). AlInGaP is known for its high internal quantum efficiency, leading to superior brightness and color stability compared to older material systems like Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP). The chip is then encapsulated in an epoxy resin package that shapes the light output and provides mechanical and environmental protection.
. Industry Trends
The surface-mount LED market continues to evolve with several clear trends:
- Miniaturization:Demand for thinner and smaller packages (like this 0.80mm height chip) is driven by consumer electronics striving for sleeker designs.
- Increased Efficiency:Ongoing material science improvements aim to extract more lumens per watt (efficacy), reducing power consumption for the same light output.
- Higher Reliability & Stability:Advancements in packaging materials and chip design focus on maintaining color point and luminous flux over extended lifetimes and under harsh environmental conditions.
- Broadened Color Gamut:While this part is monochromatic yellow, the industry is also advancing phosphor-converted and multi-chip solutions to achieve precise white points and saturated colors for display backlighting and general lighting.
- Integration:There is a growing trend towards integrating drive electronics, protection components, and multiple LED chips into single, smarter \"LED modules\" to simplify end-product design.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |