SMD LED 15-13D/R6GHBHC-A01/2T Datasheet - 1.5x1.3x0.8mm - 2.0-3.7V - 20-25mA - Red/Green/Blue - English Technical Document

1. Bayanin Samfur

The 15-13D is a compact, surface-mount device (SMD) LED designed for modern electronic applications requiring miniaturization and high reliability. This series offers three distinct color options based on different semiconductor materials: Brilliant Red (R6, AlGaInP), Brilliant Green (GH, InGaN), and Blue (BH, InGaN). The package is supplied on 8mm tape wound on a 7-inch diameter reel, making it fully compatible with high-speed automated pick-and-place assembly equipment.

Babban fa'idar wannan LED shine ƙarancin ƙafafunsa idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fakitin gubar. Wannan yana bawa masu zane damar samun mafi girman yawan kayan haɗi akan allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs), wanda ke haifar da ƙananan girman allon gabaɗaya kuma a ƙarshe mafi ƙanƙantar samfuran ƙarshe. Ƙirar mara nauyi ta ƙara sanya ta zama cikakkiya don aikace-aikacen ɗaukuwa da ƙanana inda nauyi da sarari suke da matuƙar takura.

The product is manufactured to be Pb-free (lead-free), compliant with the EU RoHS and REACH directives, and meets halogen-free requirements (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). It is also produced using ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) safe processes, enhancing its handling reliability.

2. Cikakken Bayani na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaici na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Reverse Voltage (VR): 5V maximum for all color codes. Exceeding this can cause junction breakdown.
• Forward Current (IF): 25 mA for R6 (Red) and GH (Green); 20 mA for BH (Blue). This is the maximum continuous DC current.
• Peak Forward Current (IFP): Applicable under pulsed conditions (1/10 duty cycle @ 1kHz). R6: 60 mA; GH & BH: 100 mA.
• Power Dissipation (Pd): The maximum power the package can dissipate. R6: 60 mW; GH: 95 mW; BH: 75 mW. This is calculated as IF * VF.
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) HBM: Duk wani nau'i-nau'i na ƙima don 2000V Tsarin Jikin Mutum, yana nuna kyakkyawan ƙarfin ESD na asali don daidaitaccen sarrafawa.
• Operating & Storage Temperature: -40°C zuwa +85°C don aiki; -40°C zuwa +90°C don ajiya.
• Zazzabin Solder: Kololuwar zazzabin sake kunnawa solder: 260°C na iyakar daƙiƙa 10. Solder na hannu: 350°C na iyakar daƙiƙa 3 kowace tasha.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske (Ta=25°C)

Waɗannan su ne madaidaicin sigogin aikin da aka auna ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (IF=20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi daban).

• Ƙarfin Haskakawa (Iv): The light output in millicandelas (mcd). R6: 90-140 mcd; GH: 112-180 mcd; BH: 45-70 mcd. A tolerance of ±11% applies.
• Viewing Angle (2θ1/2): Approximately 120 degrees, providing a wide angle of emitted light.
• Peak Wavelength (λp): The wavelength at which the emission intensity is highest. R6: 632 nm (Red); GH: 518 nm (Green); BH: 468 nm (Blue).
• Dominant Wavelength (λd): The single wavelength perceived by the human eye. R6: 624 nm; GH: 525 nm; BH: 470 nm.
• Spectral Bandwidth (Δλ): The width of the emission spectrum at half maximum intensity. R6: 20 nm; GH: 35 nm; BH: 25 nm.
• Forward Voltage (VF): The voltage drop across the LED at the test current. R6: 1.70-2.40V (Typ. 2.00V); GH & BH: 2.70-3.70V (Typ. 3.30V). Tolerance is ±0.05V.
• Reverse Current (IR): Leakage current at VR=5V. R6: Max 10 μA; GH & BH: Not Applicable (NA).

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

The datasheet indicates the product uses a binning system to categorize LEDs based on key parameters, ensuring consistency within a batch. The label explanation on the packaging mentions specific ranks:

• CAT (Luminous Intensity Rank): Yana LED ta hanyar auna ƙarfin haske da suke fitarwa.
• HUE (Chromaticity Coordinates & Dominant Wavelength Rank): Ana rarraba LED bisa ga wurin launi ko mafi girman tsawon zango, don rage bambancin launi a cikin jeri.
• REF (Forward Voltage Rank): Ana rarraba LED ta hanyar faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaita halin yanzu a cikin da'irori masu jere ko layi daya.

Masu zane ya kamata su tuntubi takamaiman taswirar rarrabawa daga masana'anta don cikakken zaɓi lokacin da daidaitawar launi ko ƙarfin haske ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Takardar bayanan tana ba da madaidaicin sigogin halaye ga kowane nau'in LED (R6, GH, BH). Waɗannan jadawali suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba.

4.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar haɓaka tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin lantarki na "gwiwa" shine inda LED ta fara fitar da haske sosai. Ana auna madaidaicin ƙimar VF da aka bayar a 20mA. Masu zane suna amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar madaidaicin resistors masu iyakancewar halin yanzu.

4.2 Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna cewa fitar da haske gabaɗaya yana daidai da halin yanzu na gaba, amma yana iya zama ƙasa da layi a cikin halin yanzu mai girma sosai saboda tasirin zafi da inganci. Yana da mahimmanci don tantance halin yanzun tuƙi da ake buƙata don cimma haske da ake so.

4.3 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

LED light output decreases as the junction temperature increases. This derating curve is vital for applications operating in elevated temperature environments. It shows the percentage of relative luminous intensity remaining as ambient temperature rises.

4.4 Forward Current Derating Curve

To prevent overheating, the maximum allowable continuous forward current must be reduced as the ambient temperature increases. This curve provides the safe operating area (SOA) for the device across its temperature range.

4.5 Spectral Distribution

This plot shows the relative intensity of light emitted across the wavelength spectrum. It confirms the peak and dominant wavelengths and illustrates the spectral purity (narrowness) of the emitted color.

4.6 Radiation Diagram (Viewing Angle Pattern)

Zane mai nuna rarraba haske a sararin samaniya. 15-13D yana da tsarin lambertian na al'ada ko faɗin kusurwa, tare da raguwar ƙarfi yayin da kusurwa daga tsakiyar axis ke ƙaruwa, yana kai rabin ƙarfi a kusan ±60 digiri (kusurwar kallo gabaɗaya 120 digiri).

5. Mechanical & Package Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

Kunshin 15-13D yana da girman ƙididdiga na 1.5mm (tsawon) x 1.3mm (faɗin) x 0.8mm (tsayi). Tolerances yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi daban. Kayan yana da alamar anode (yawanci notch, kore ɗigo, ko wani mai nuna alama) a saman kunshin don gano polarity. An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na PCB (shimfidar kushin), amma ana shawar da masu ƙira su gyara shi bisa takamaiman tsarin kera PCB da buƙatun zafi/na'ura.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Daidaitaccen polarity yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED. Kunshin ya haɗa da alamar gani da ke nuna tashar anode (+). Yayin ƙira da haɗawa na PCB, dole ne a daidaita wannan alamar da madaidaicin kushin anode akan shimfidar allo don tabbatar da daidaitaccen alkibla.

6. Soldering & Assembly Guidelines

6.1 Moisture Sensitivity and Storage

The LEDs are packaged in a moisture-resistant barrier bag with desiccant to prevent moisture absorption, which can cause "popcorning" (package cracking) during reflow soldering.

• Do not open the bag until ready for use.
• After opening, unused parts should be stored at ≤30°C and ≤60% RH.
• The "floor life" after bag opening is 168 hours (7 days).
• Idan ya wuce, ko kuma idan mai nuna desiccant ya canza launi, ana buƙatar gasa a 60±5°C na tsawon sa'o'i 24 kafin yin soldering.

6.2 Tsarin Solderin Reflow (Ba tare da Pb ba)

An ba da shawarar yanayin zafin jiki don solder mara gubar (misali, SAC305):

• Pre-heating: 150-200°C na tsawon dakika 60-120.
• Time Above Liquidus (TAL): >217°C for 60-150 seconds.
• Peak Temperature: 260°C maximum, held for no more than 10 seconds.
• Ramp-up Rate: Maximum 3°C/sec to 255°C, then max 6°C/sec to peak.
• Ramp-down Rate: Controlled to avoid thermal shock.

Critical Note: Reflow soldering should not be performed more than two times on the same LED assembly.

6.3 Hatsarori na Solderin Hannu

If manual soldering is necessary, extreme care must be taken:

• Use a soldering iron with a tip temperature <350°C.
• Limit contact time to ≤3 seconds per terminal.
• Use an iron with a power rating ≤25W.
• Allow a minimum 2-second interval between soldering each terminal to prevent heat buildup.
• Guji amfani da matsin inji a jikin LED yayin yin solder.

6.4 Gyara da Gyaran Gyara

Ba a ba da shawarar gyara bayan farkon yin solder ba. Idan ba za a iya gujewa ba, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder mai kai biyu na musamman don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, don rage matsin zafi akan LED die da haɗin waya. Dole ne a kimanta yuwuwar lalata halayen LED a baya.

7. Packaging & Ordering Information

7.1 Tape and Reel Specifications

Ana samar da kayan a cikin tepe mai ɗaukar kaya mai zane-zane tare da girma da aka keɓance don fakitin 15-13D. Ana nade tepe a kan daidaitaccen reel mai diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowace reel ta ƙunshi guda 2000. An ba da cikakkun bayanai game da reel, tepe mai ɗaukar kaya, da girma na aljihu a cikin takardar bayanai, tare da daidaitattun ƙa'idodin ±0.1mm.

7.2 Label and Moisture Barrier Bag

The outer moisture-proof bag contains a label with critical information: Customer Part Number (CPN), Manufacturer Part Number (P/N), Quantity (QTY), and the binning codes for Luminous Intensity (CAT), Chromaticity (HUE), and Forward Voltage (REF). A Lot Number (LOT No.) is included for traceability.

8. Application Recommendations

8.1 Typical Application Scenarios

• Backlighting: Dashboard indicators, switch illumination, keypad backlights.
• Kayan Sadarwa: Alamomin Matsayi akan wayoyi, na'urorin fakis, na'urorin hanyar sadarwa, da na'urorin haɗin intanet.
• Hasken Baya na LCD Lebur: Hasken gefe don ƙananan nuni na LCD mai launi ɗaya ko launuka.
• Amfani na Gabaɗaya na Nuna Alama: Matsayin wutar lantarki, nuna yanayi, siginar faɗakarwa a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, na'urorin gida, da na'urorin sarrafa masana'antu.

8.2 Critical Design Considerations

• Iyakancewar Halin Yanzu: An external series resistor is MANDATORY to limit forward current. The LED's exponential I-V characteristic means a small voltage increase can cause a large, destructive current surge. The resistor value is calculated as R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF.
• Thermal Management: While the package is small, power dissipation (Pd) must be considered, especially at high ambient temperatures or drive currents. Ensure adequate PCB copper area or thermal vias if operating near maximum ratings.
• ESD Protection: Although rated for 2000V HBM, implementing ESD protection on sensitive input lines or using ESD-safe handling procedures in production is considered good practice.
• Wave Soldering: The datasheet specifies reflow and hand soldering only. Wave soldering is generally not recommended for this type of SMD LED due to excessive thermal exposure.
• Board Flexing: A guji baya ko karkata PCB bayan an haɗa LEDs, saboda wannan zai iya damun haɗin gwiwa da kuma LED package kanta.

9. Technical Comparison & Differentiation

Jerin 15-13D ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗa ƙaramin ƙafa na 1.5x1.3mm tare da ingantaccen haske mai ƙarfi gwargwadon girmansa, musamman a cikin bambance-bambancen kore da ja. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin gani. Dacewarsa da daidaitattun taruwar SMD da hanyoyin reflow marasa Pb sun daidaita shi da masana'antu na zamani, masu bin ka'idojin muhalli. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan SMD LEDs (misali, 0603, 0805), yana ba da tanadin sarari amma yana iya buƙatar kayan aikin sanyawa mafi daidaito. Idan aka kwatanta da fakitin chip-scale, yana ba da tsari mai ƙarfi, mai ɗauke da kari wanda ya fi sauƙin sarrafawa da haɗawa cikin aminci.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

10.1 What resistor value should I use with a 5V supply for the green LED?

Ta amfani da ƙimomin al'ada: Vsupply = 5V, VF (GH, typ) = 3.3V, IF = 20mA. R = (5V - 3.3V) / 0.020A = 85 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitacce zai kasance 82 ko 91 Ohms. Koyaushe a sake lissafta ta amfani da min/max VF daga takardar bayanai don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu ya kasance cikin iyaka a ƙarƙashin duk yanayi.

10.2 Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakancewar halin yanzu ba ta amfani da tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayayye?

A'a. Wannan tabbas zai lalata LED. LEDs na'urori ne masu amfani da halin yanzu. Tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayi ba zai iya daidaita halin yanzu ta hanyar LED mai matuƙar rashin layi ba. Ana buƙatar resistor na jeri ko, don ingantaccen aiki, da'irar tuki mai tsayin halin yanzu.

10.3 Me ya sa matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba ya bambanta don LED Blue (BH)?

Ƙarancin matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba (20mA vs. 25mA na Red/Green) yana yiwuwa saboda bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin semiconductor na ciki (InGaN na Blue/Green vs. AlGaInP na Red) da kuma halayen zafi da inganci a mafi girman yawan halin yanzu, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙimar watsawar wutar lantarki (Pd) ga nau'in blue.

10.4 Ta yaya zan fassara jurewar ƙarfin haske na ±11%?

Wannan yana nufin ainihin ƙarfin haske da aka auna na kowane LED daga rukunin samarwa na iya bambanta da ±11% daga ƙimar yau da kullun ko ƙimar da aka bayyana a cikin takardar bayanai. Misali, koren LED tare da Iv na yau da kullun na 180 mcd zai iya auna ko'ina daga kusan 160 mcd zuwa 200 mcd. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton haske, zaɓin LEDs daga ƙaramin kwandon (lambar CAT) ya zama dole.

10.5 Shin wannan LED ya dace da hasken cikin mota?

Duk da yake ana iya amfani da shi a wasu aikace-aikacen cikin mota marasa mahimmanci (kamar hasken baya na maɓalli), takardar bayanai ta ƙunshi takamaiman bayanin ƙuntatawa na aikace-aikacen da ke ba da shawarar kada a yi amfani da shi a "aikace-aikacen dogaro mai girma kamar soja/jirgin sama, tsarin aminci/tsaro na mota, da kayan aikin likita." Don kowane aikace-aikacen mota, musamman ma masu alaƙa da aminci, dole ne a yi amfani da wani ɓangaren da ya cancanta musamman ga ma'auni na nau'in mota (misali, AEC-Q102).

11. Nazarin Zane da Amfani

Labari: Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi da yawa don na'urar hanyar sadarwa ta mabukaci.

Mai ƙira yana buƙatar nuna Wutar lantarki (Kore), Ayyukan Intanet (Kore mai walƙiya), da Haɗin Ethernet (Amber/Ja). Sarari yana da iyaka. Sun zaɓi 15-13D/GH ɗaya (Kore) don Wutar lantarki, ɗaya don Intanet (walƙiya ta MCU), da 15-13D/R6 ɗaya (Ja) don nuna Ethernet (amber ana iya kusantawa ta hanyar tuƙi LED ja a ƙaramin halin yanzu ko amfani da mai watsawa).

Implementation: MCU GPIO pins ina 3.3V. Don LED kore (VF typ 3.3D), saukar voltage yana kusan daidai da wadata, yana barin ƙaramin kai don resistor. Mai zane zai iya amfani da ƙaramin halin yanzu (misali 10mA) don cimma isasshiyar haske yayin tabbatar da kunna amintacce, lissafin R = (3.3V - 3.3V)/0.01A = 0 Ohms. Wannan yana da matsala. A maimakon haka, za su yi amfani da transistor ko filin GPIO da aka saita a yanayin nutsewar halin yanzu da aka haɗa zuwa cathode LED, tare da anode ɗin da aka ɗaure zuwa madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki (misali 5V) ta hanyar resistor da ta dace. Wannan yanayin yana nuna mahimmancin daidaita ƙarfin lantarki na driver zuwa VF na LED.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor p-n junction waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar wani tsari da ake kira electroluminescence. Lokacin da ake amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana allurar su a kan junction. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki kusa da junction. Don ingantattun LEDs, wannan sake haɗuwa yana faruwa a cikin kayan semiconductor bandgap kai tsaye. Makamashin da aka saki yayin sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi azaman photon (barbashi na haske). Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap (Eg) na kayan semiconductor: E = hc/λ, inda h shine Planck's constant, c shine saurin haske, kuma λ shine tsawon zango. 15-13D yana amfani da AlGaInP don hasken ja (babban bandgap don ƙarancin makamashi / tsawon zango) da InGaN don hasken kore da shuɗi (ƙaramin bandgap don mafi girman makamashi / gajeren zango). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy resin yana siffanta fitowar haske kuma yana ba da kariyar muhalli.

13. Trends na Fasaha

15-13D yana wakiltar fasahar SMD LED da ta balaga. Gabaɗayan yanayin kasuwar LED mai nuna alama yana ci gaba da turawa zuwa:

• Further Miniaturization: Ƙananan fakitoci masu girma (misali, 1.0x0.5mm, chip-scale) yayin kiyayewa ko inganta fitowar haske.
• Mafi Girman Ingantacciyar Aiki: Ingantattun lumens a kowace watt (lm/W) ko millicandelas a kowace milliamp (mcd/mA), rage amfani da wutar lantarki don haske da aka bayar.
• Ingantacciyar Amincewa da Ƙarfi: Mafi girman yanayin zafi na mahaɗa, ingantaccen juriyar danshi, da mafi kyawun aiki a ƙarƙashin gwaje-gwajen rayuwa na aiki mai zafi (HTOL).
• Magungunan Haɗin kai: LEDs tare da gina masu iyakancewar halin yanzu, diodes na kariya (ESD, reverse polarity), ko ma driver ICs a cikin fakit ɗaya.
• Faɗaɗa Gamut na Launi da Daidaito: Ƙarfafa binning don launi da ƙarfi don biyan buƙatun cikakkun nuni na launi da tsararraki masu nuni inda daidaiton gani yake da mahimmanci.

Duk da cewa akwai sabbin fakitoci, 15-13D ya kasance abu mai dogaro kuma ana amfani da shi sosai don aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya inda daidaiton girmansa, aikin sa, da farashinsa suka fi dacewa.