SMD LED 19-21/G6C-FM1N2B/3T Datasheet - Girman 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - Ƙarfin lantarki 1.75-2.35V - Launi Mai haske Yellow-Green - Takardun Fasaha Turanci

1. Product Overview

19-21 SMD LED wata na'ura ce ta zamani mai ƙaramin girma, wacce aka ƙera don amfani da su a cikin na'urorin lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar sanya kayan aiki cikin yawa a cikin ƙaramin sarari tare da ingantaccen aiki. Wannan LED tana amfani da fasahar AlGaInP chip don samar da haske mai haske mai launin rawaya-kore. Babban fa'idodinta sun haɗa da ƙaramin sarari da yawa idan aka kwatanta da LED na gargajiya na lead-frame, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirar PCB mafi ƙanƙanta da ƙarin ƙayyadaddun samfuran ƙarshe. Ƙirar sa mai sauƙi ya ƙara sanya shi cikakke don ƙananan aikace-aikace da na hannu inda sarari da nauyi suke da matuƙar mahimmanci.

Wannan ɓangaren ya cika ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da umarnin rashin sinadarin halogen, yana tabbatar da dacewarsa ga kasuwannin duniya masu tsauraran ka'idojin muhalli. Ana tattara shi a kan tef ɗin 8mm da aka nannade a kan reels masu diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace sosai da kayan aikin haɗawa da sarrafawa mai sauri ta atomatik, don haka yana sauƙaƙe tsarin masana'antu.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Tsakiya

• Ƙaramin Kunshin: The SMD format allows for a much smaller board size and higher packing density than leaded components.
• Automation Friendly: Supplied in tape-and-reel packaging compatible with standard automatic placement machinery.
• Robust Soldering: Compatible with both infrared and vapor phase reflow soldering processes.
• Environmental Compliance: The product is Pb-free, RoHS compliant, REACH compliant, and halogen-free (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).
• Mono-color Type: Emits a single, consistent brilliant yellow-green color.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

This LED is versatile and finds use in various illumination and indication roles, including:

• Backlighting for automotive dashboards, switches, and control panels.
• Status indicators and keypad backlighting in telecommunication devices such as telephones and fax machines.
• Flat backlighting units for LCD displays, switch panels, and symbols.
• General-purpose indicator lights in consumer electronics, industrial controls, and instrumentation.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa wanda bayansu lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

Interpretation: The 5V reverse voltage rating is relatively low, emphasizing that this LED is not designed for reverse-bias operation and requires protection in circuits where reverse voltage is possible. The forward current rating of 25mA is standard for small SMD LEDs. The ESD rating of 2000V (HBM) indicates standard handling precautions should be observed. The wide operating temperature range of -40°C to +85°C makes it suitable for automotive and industrial environments.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters are measured at a forward current (IF) of 20mA and an ambient temperature (Ta) of 25°C, representing typical operating conditions.

Interpretation: The luminous intensity range is broad (18-45 mcd), which is managed through a binning system (detailed later). The typical 100-degree viewing angle provides a wide emission pattern suitable for backlighting and diffuse indication. The dominant wavelength of 570-574.5 nm places the output firmly in the yellow-green region of the visible spectrum. The forward voltage range of 1.75V to 2.35V is relatively low, typical for AlGaInP technology, which helps minimize power consumption. The note explicitly states the device is not designed for reverse operation; the VR rating is for IR testing only.

3. Binning System Explanation

To ensure consistency in mass production, LEDs are sorted into performance bins. This allows designers to select parts that meet specific criteria for brightness, color, and electrical characteristics.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

Analysis: The CAT code on the packaging label corresponds to this bin. Selecting a higher bin (e.g., N2) guarantees higher minimum brightness, which is crucial for applications requiring uniform panel brightness or long-distance visibility.

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

Analysis: Lambar HUE da ke kan alama yana nufin wannan kwandon launi/tsawon raƙuman ruwa. Sarrafa tsawon raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi (ƙananan kewayon kwandon) yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da daidaiton launi a cikin LEDs da yawa ke da mahimmanci, kamar a cikin nuni na sassa da yawa ko tsararrun nuna alama masu dacewa da launi.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Analysis: The REF code indicates the voltage bin. Using LEDs from the same voltage bin can help ensure more uniform current distribution when multiple LEDs are connected in parallel, preventing some LEDs from being overdriven.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet provides several typical characteristic curves that illustrate the device's behavior under varying conditions.

4.1 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa fitowar haske tana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu na gaba amma a cikin alaƙar da ba ta layi ba. Tuƙi LED sama da shawarar 20mA na iya haifar da raguwar dawowa a cikin haske yayin da yake ƙara yawan watsawar wutar lantarki da zafin jiki, yana iya rage tsawon rayuwa.

4.2 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

Lanƙwasa yana nuna mummunan ƙimar zafin jiki na ƙarfin haske. Yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi, fitowar haske tana raguwa. Wannan muhimmin abu ne don ƙira da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma; rage ƙima ko sarrafa zafin jiki na iya zama dole don kiyaye matakan haske da ake buƙata.

4.3 Forward Current Derating Curve

Wannan jadawali yana ayyana matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin yanayin zafi. Don hana yin zafi da kuma tabbatar da amincin, dole ne a rage halin yanzu na gaba lokacin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma. Bin wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don dogon lokacin aminci.

4.4 Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current

The IV curve shows the exponential relationship typical of a diode. The forward voltage increases with current. The curve's slope in the operating region informs the necessary drive voltage and helps in calculating series resistor values for current limiting.

4.5 Spectrum Distribution and Radiation Pattern

The spectrum plot confirms the monochromatic nature with a peak around 575nm and a typical bandwidth of 20nm. The radiation pattern diagram illustrates the Lambertian-like emission profile with the 100-degree viewing angle, showing how intensity varies with angle from the central axis.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The 19-21 package has nominal dimensions of 2.0mm (length) x 1.25mm (width) x 0.8mm (height). The drawing specifies tolerances of ±0.1mm unless otherwise noted. A clear cathode mark is indicated on the package, which is vital for correct orientation during assembly. The recommended land pattern (footprint) on the PCB should be designed according to these dimensions to ensure proper soldering and mechanical stability.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Correct polarity is essential for LED operation. The package features a distinct marking (typically a notch, dot, or chamfered corner) to identify the cathode terminal. Designers must ensure the PCB silkscreen and assembly documentation clearly reflect this orientation to prevent reverse installation.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

Proper handling and soldering are critical to maintaining LED performance and reliability.

6.1 Storage and Moisture Sensitivity

• Kafin Amfani: Kada a buɗe jakar shinge mai hana ɗanɗano har sai an shirya don haɗawa.
• Bayan Buɗewa: Yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Ajiye sassan da ba a yi amfani da su ba a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH.
• Rebaking: Idan an wuce lokacin ajiyewa ko kuma desiccant ya nuna shigar ɗanɗano, a gasa a 60±5°C na tsawon sa'o'i 24 kafin amfani.

6.2 Bayanin Siffar Solder Reflow (Ba tare da Pb ba)

Shawarar da aka ba shi yana da mahimmanci don samar da haɗin gwiwar gini mai aminci ba tare da lalata LED ba.

• Pre-heating: 150-200°C for 60-120 seconds.
• Time Above Liquidus (217°C): 60-150 seconds.
• Peak Temperature: 260°C maximum, held for no more than 10 seconds.
• Heating Rate: Maximum 6°C/sec up to 255°C.
• Cooling Rate: Maximum 3°C/sec.
• Limit: Reflow soldering should not be performed more than two times.

6.3 Kula da Solder da Hannu

If hand soldering is unavoidable, extreme care is needed:

• Use a soldering iron with a tip temperature <350°C.
• Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓe zuwa ≤3 daƙiƙa kowace tasha.
• Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki ≤25W.
• Ƙyale aƙalla tazarar daƙiƙa 2 tsakanin yin gyaɗa kowace tasha.

6.4 Kariya da Gyara na Halin Yanzu

Current Limiting: Resista na waje a jere ya zama dole. Halayen IV na LED na nuni yana nufin ƙaramin ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da babban haɓakar halin yanzu, wanda ke haifar da gazawar nan take. Dole ne a ƙididdige ƙimar resista bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a halin yanzu da ake so.
Gyara: Ba a ba da shawarar gyara bayan siyar da gwangwani ba. Idan ya zama dole sosai, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai zafi mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda kuma kauce wa matsi na inji. Koyaushe tabbatar da aikin bayan gyara.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Bayani

Ana samar da LEDs a cikin marufi mai hana danshi:

• Kaset ɗin Carrier: Nisa na 8mm.
• Reel: 7-inch (178mm) diameter.
• Quantity per Reel: 3000 pieces.
• Packaging: Components are sealed in an aluminum moisture-proof bag with a desiccant and humidity indicator card.

7.2 Bayanin Alama

The reel label contains codes that define the specific bin of the contained LEDs:

• P/N: Product Number (e.g., 19-21/G6C-FM1N2B/3T).
• CAT: Luminous Intensity Rank (e.g., M1, N2).
• HUE: Chromaticity Coordinates & Dominant Wavelength Rank (e.g., CC3).
• REF: Forward Voltage Rank (e.g., 1).
• LOT No: Traceable manufacturing lot number.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka na Ƙira

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

The most common drive method is a constant current source or a voltage source with a series current-limiting resistor. For a supply voltage V_supply, the resistor value R is calculated as: R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F, where V_F is the forward voltage of the LED at the desired current I_F (typically 20mA). Always use the maximum V_F from the datasheet or bin to ensure current does not exceed limits under worst-case conditions.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Ko da fakitin yana da ƙanƙanta, ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 60mW) na iya haifar da hauhawar zafin jiki. Don aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a yanayin zafi mai girma ko igiyoyin ruwa masu girma, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB (kushin zafi) a kusa da kushin LED don yin aiki azaman ma'aunin zafi kuma ya kawar da zafi daga haɗin gwiwa.

8.3 Zane na Gani

Kallon kusurwar digiri 100 yana ba da haske mai faɗi, mai watsewa. Don haske mai mai da hankali ko jagora, ana iya buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje ko jagororin haske. Resin mai tsabta na ruwa na fakitin LED ya dace don amfani da bututun haske.

9. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

LED 19-21, bisa ga fasahar AlGaInP, yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban don fitar da rawaya-kore:

• vs. Traditional Leaded LEDs: The primary advantage is the SMD format, enabling automated assembly, reduced size, and weight.
• vs. Other SMD Colors: AlGaInP LEDs typically have higher luminous efficacy in the yellow/amber/green spectrum compared to older technologies, resulting in brighter output at the same current.
• vs. White LEDs: For pure color indication (e.g., status lights), monochromatic LEDs like this one are more efficient and color-saturated than phosphor-converted white LEDs.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

10.1 Me yasa resistor na jerin ya zama dole sosai?

LEDs are current-driven devices. Their forward voltage has a negative temperature coefficient and production tolerance. A voltage source without a current limit would allow runaway current as the LED heats up, leading to rapid failure. The series resistor provides a simple, linear current limit.

10.2 Shin zan iya sarrafa wannan LED da siginar PWM don duhu?

Yes, pulse-width modulation (PWM) is an effective method for dimming LEDs. It works by rapidly switching the LED on and off. The perceived brightness is proportional to the duty cycle. This method avoids the color shift that can occur with analog (current reduction) dimming. Ensure the PWM frequency is high enough (typically >100Hz) to avoid visible flicker.

10.3 Menene ma'anar lambobin bin, kuma ta yaya zan zaɓe su?

Bin codes categorize LEDs by performance. For example, if your design requires uniform brightness across a panel, you should specify a tight luminous intensity bin (e.g., only N1). If color consistency is paramount, specify a tight wavelength bin (e.g., only CC3). Consult with your supplier to ensure availability of specific bin combinations.

10.4 Sau nawa zan iya sake yin reflow solder wannan LED?

The datasheet specifies a maximum of two reflow soldering cycles. Each thermal cycle induces stress on the internal die attach and wire bonds. Exceeding two cycles significantly increases the risk of latent failures or performance degradation.

11. Practical Design and Usage Examples

11.1 Dashboard Switch Backlighting

A cikin dashboard na mota, ana iya sanya LED 19-21 da yawa a bayan hulunan maɓalli masu wucewa. Ƙananan girman su yana ba su damar shiga cikin ƙunƙun wurare. Yin amfani da LED daga rukunin ƙarfin haske da tsayin raƙuman ruwa iri ɗaya yana tabbatar da cewa duk maɓallan suna da launi da haske iri ɗaya. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana ba da haske daidai a saman maɓalli. Kewayon yanayin zafi yana ɗaukar yanayin cikin mota cikin sauƙi.

11.2 PCB Status Indicator Array

A kan na'urar hanyar sadarwa ko mai sarrafa masana'antu, jerin waɗannan LED ɗin na iya nuna wutar lantarki, ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa, da kurakuran tsarin. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki daga layin dabaru na tsarin (misali, 3.3V). Ta hanyar sanya su a cikin grid da ƙayyadaddun rukunin ƙarfin lantarki mai daidaito, masu zane za su iya amfani da ƙimar resistor ɗaya mai iyakancewar halin yanzu don LED da yawa a layi daya, wanda ke sauƙaƙa lissafin kayan.

12. Technology Principle Introduction

19-21 LED yana dogara akan kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide). Wannan tsarin kayan yana da inganci musamman wajen samar da haske a yankunan rawaya, lemu, ja, da kore na bakan. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin AlGaInP yana ƙayyade tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. A cikin wannan na'urar, an daidaita abun da ke ciki don samar da photons tare da babban tsawon zango tsakanin 570nm zuwa 574.5nm, wanda idon ɗan adam ke ganinsa azaman kore-rawaya mai haske. Epoxy resin mai tsabta ta ruwa tana kare guntuwar semiconductor kuma tana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau na farko, tana siffanta fitarwar hasken.

13. Industry Trends and Developments

Yarjejeniya a cikin LED na nuni da hasken baya yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci, ƙananan fakitoci, da haɗin kai mafi girma. Duk da yake 19-21 yana wakiltar girman fakitin da ya balaga kuma abin dogaro, sabbin fakitoci kamar 1.6x0.8mm ko ma ƙananan suna zama gama gari don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Hakanan ana ƙara ba da fifiko kan inganta daidaiton launi da rage yaduwar kwandon a matakin masana'antu ta hanyar ci gaban girma na epitaxial da fasahohin rarrabawa. Bugu da ƙari, yunƙurin samun ingantaccen aminci a aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu yana tura ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Fasahar AlGaInP ta asali ta kasance ma'aikaci don cikakkun launuka, kodayake ci gaba a cikin canjin phosphor da kuma fitowar kore LED kai tsaye ta amfani da wasu tsarin kayan (kamar InGaN) yana ci gaba da haɓaka don takamaiman maƙasudin aiki.