Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfurin
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayin Samfurin
- 1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
- 2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa
- 3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken
- 3.2 Rarrabuwar Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (don GH Kore)
- 4. Binciken Jadawalin Aiki
- 4.1 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Zafi na Muhalli
- 4.4 Lankwasa Rage Ƙimar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.5 Rarraba Spectrum
- 4.6 Zanen Radiation
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
- 5.1 Girman Kunshin
- 5.2 Tsarin Kafa da Gano Polarity da Aka Ba da Shawara
- 6. Jagororin Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki da Haɗawa
- 7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 11: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira ta Aiki
- 12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayanin Samfurin
Silsilar 19-237B wata LED ce ta SMD (Surface Mount Device) mai ƙanƙanta da launuka daban-daban, wacce aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙanƙantawa da ingantaccen aminci. Wannan ɓangaren ya wakilci ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan LED na gargajiya na nau'in gubar, yana ba da damar rage girman filin allon da'ira (PCB), ƙara yawan adadin kayan aiki, kuma a ƙarshe yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ƙananan kayan aiki masu sauƙi. Ginin sa mai sauƙi ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikace inda sarari da nauyi ke da matuƙar mahimmanci.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayin Samfurin
Babban fa'idodin LED na SMD 19-237B sun samo asali ne daga ƙanƙantar girmansa da fasahar haɗawa ta saman. Ana ba da kunshin a kan tef na 8mm da aka nannade akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, yana tabbatar da cikakkiyar dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik (pick-and-place), wanda ya zama ma'auni a cikin masana'antu masu yawa. Wannan dacewar yana sauƙaƙa tsarin samarwa, yana rage lokacin haɗawa, kuma yana rage yuwuwar kuskuren ɗan adam. Bugu da ƙari, na'urar tana da cancantar amfani da tsarin gudanar da gudanar da wutar lantarki ta infrared (IR) da tururi, yana ba da sassauci a cikin saitin layin masana'antu. Wani muhimmin siffa shi ne ikon sa na launuka daban-daban a cikin girma ɗaya na kunshin, wanda kayan guntu na semiconductor daban-daban ke bayarwa. An kuma ƙera samfurin a matsayin mara gubar (Pb-free) kuma an ƙera shi don ci gaba da bin ƙa'idar Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari (RoHS), yana magance buƙatun muhalli da ƙa'idodi na duniya.
1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
19-237B an yi niyya ne ga ɗimbin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, masana'antu, da sadarwa. Yankunan aikace-aikacensa na farko sun haɗa da hasken baya na allunan kayan aiki da maɓallan membrane, suna ba da haske iri ɗaya. A cikin kayan aikin sadarwa, yana aiki azaman alamun matsayi da fitilun baya na maɓalli a cikin na'urori kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks. Hakanan ya dace azaman tushen hasken baya mai lebur don na'urorin nuni na ruwa (LCD), allunan canji, da alamomin alama. A ƙarshe, ƙirar sa na gabaɗaya ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai fa'ida don ayyuka daban-daban na nuni da ƙananan haske a cikin masana'antu da yawa.
2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na haƙiƙa na sigogin lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanai, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira da haɗa tsarin.
2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke
Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke suna ayyana iyakokin matsin lamba waɗanda bayan su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba yanayin aiki ba ne. Don silsilar 19-237B, an ƙayyade duk ƙididdiga a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (V_R) shine 5V ga duk lambobin launi. Matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba na yanzu (I_F) shine 25 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na gaba (I_FP), wanda ya shafi zagayowar aiki na 1/10 da mitar 1 kHz, ya bambanta: 60 mA don guntu R6 (Ja) da 100 mA don duka guntu GH (Kore) da BH (Shuɗi). Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (P_d) shine 60 mW don R6 da 95 mW don GH/BH. Matsakaicin juriyar fitar da wutar lantarki na Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM) shine 2000V don R6 da 1500V don GH/BH, yana nuna cewa guntu ja na iya samun ɗan ƙarfi fiye da kariya daga ESD. Kewayon zafin aiki (T_opr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C ne, kuma kewayon zafin ajiya (T_stg) daga -40°C zuwa +90°C ne. Bayanin zafin gudanar da gudanar da wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci: don gudanar da gudanar da wutar lantarki, na'urar na iya jure 260°C na dakika 10; don gudanar da wutar lantarki da hannu, iyaka shine 350°C na dakika 3.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Gani
Ana auna Halayen Lantarki da Gani a Ta=25°C da daidaitaccen gwajin yanzu (I_F) na 5mA, suna ba da ma'auni na aiki don ƙira.
- Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v):Wannan shine ƙarfin hasken da ake gani a kowace kusurwar ƙwaƙƙwaran. Kewayon na yau da kullun sune: R6: 18.0-57.0 mcd; GH: 28.5-112 mcd; BH: 11.5-28.5 mcd. Bambancin kore yawanci yana ba da mafi girman fitarwa.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken ya rabi na matsakaicin ƙarfi. Yawanci digiri 120 ne, yana nuna faɗaɗɗen tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi wanda ya dace da hasken yanki da alamomi.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):Tsawon tsawon da fitarwar haske ta kai kololuwa. Ƙimar yau da kullun sune: R6: 632 nm; GH: 518 nm; BH: 468 nm.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani wanda ya dace da launin LED. Kewayon: R6: 613-627 nm; GH: 520-535 nm; BH: 465-475 nm. Tolerances ±1nm ne.
- Bandwidth na Radiation Spectrum (Δλ):Faɗin bakan a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi. Na yau da kullun: R6: 20 nm; GH: 35 nm; BH: 25 nm. Faɗin bandwidth, kamar yadda ake gani a cikin kore, na iya shafar tsaftar launi.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED a gwajin yanzu. Kewayon: R6: 1.7-2.2 V; GH: 2.6-3.3 V; BH: 2.6-3.3 V. Tolerance ±0.10V ne. Wannan siga yana da mahimmanci don lissafin resistor mai iyakance yanzu.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin yanzu lokacin da aka yi amfani da baya na 5V. Matsakaicin: R6: 10 μA; GH/BH: 50 μA.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa
Takardar bayanai ta ayyana tsarin rarrabuwa don rarraba LED bisa mahimman sigogin gani, yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa. Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙayyade kwandon shara don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a aikace-aikacensu.
3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken
Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a I_F=5mA.
- R6 (Ja):Kwandon shara M (18.0-28.5 mcd), N (28.5-45.0 mcd), P (45.0-57.0 mcd).
- GH (Kore):Kwandon shara N (28.5-45.0 mcd), P (45.0-72.0 mcd), Q (72.0-112 mcd).
- BH (Shuɗi):Kwandon shara L (11.5-18.0 mcd), M (18.0-28.5 mcd).
Tolerance don ƙarfin hasken shine ±11% a cikin kwandon shara.
3.2 Rarrabuwar Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (don GH Kore)
Don LED na GH (Kore), ana ba da ƙarin rarrabuwa don matsakaicin tsawon tsawon: Kwandon shara 1 (520-525 nm), Kwandon shara 2 (525-530 nm), Kwandon shara 3 (530-535 nm). Tolerance ±1nm ne. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓin launi daidai, wanda ke da mahimmanci a aikace-aikace kamar alamomin matsayi inda ma'anar launi ta zama ma'auni.
4. Binciken Jadawalin Aiki
Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da jadawalin halaye na yau da kullun don kowane launin LED (R6, GH, BH), waɗanda ke da matuƙar mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na ma'auni ba.
4.1 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)
Lankwasan suna nuna alaƙar ƙima tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Ga duk launuka, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa tare da yanzu. LED ja (R6) yana da ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba sosai don wani yanzu idan aka kwatanta da LED kore da shuɗi, wanda ke da siffa na kayan semiconductor daban-daban (AlGaInP vs. InGaN). Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan bambanci a cikin ƙirar da'ira mai tuƙi, musamman a cikin tsararrun launuka daban-daban.
4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba
Waɗannan jadawalin suna nuna cewa ƙarfin hasken yana ƙaruwa kusan layi daya tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun (har zuwa ~20mA). Duk da haka, inganci (lumens a kowace watt) na iya kaiwa kololuwa a wani takamaiman yanzu sannan ya ragu saboda dumama da sauran tasiri. Masu ƙira bai kamata su ɗauka cewa haske yana daidaitawa layi daya har abada ba.
4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Zafi na Muhalli
Wannan lankwasa ce mai mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi. Ƙarfin hasken duk launuka yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi. Rage ƙimar yana da mahimmanci, musamman ga LED kore da shuɗi na tushen InGaN, waɗanda gabaɗaya suka fi kula da zafin jiki fiye da LED ja na AlGaInP. Wannan yana buƙatar zubar da zafi ko rage ƙimar yanzu a cikin yanayi mai zafi don kiyaye haske da tsawon rai.
4.4 Lankwasa Rage Ƙimar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba
Wannan lankwasa tana ƙayyade matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin yanayin zafin muhalli. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, dole ne a rage matsakaicin yanzu da aka yarda don hana wuce iyakar ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na na'urar da haifar da guduwar zafi. Bin wannan lankwasa yana da mahimmanci don aminci.
4.5 Rarraba Spectrum
Jadawalin bakan suna nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a tsawon tsawon. LED ja (R6) yana da ƙunƙuntaccen kololuwa, mafi bayyane a kusa da 632 nm. Kore (GH) yana da faɗaɗɗen kololuwa a kusa da 518 nm, kuma shuɗi (BH) yana da kololuwa a kusa da 468 nm. Siffar da faɗin waɗannan bakan suna tasiri ga nuna launi da tsaftar hasken.
4.6 Zanen Radiation
Tsarin radiation na polar yana kwatanta rarraba haske ta sarari. Jadawalin da aka bayar don kowane launi yana nuna tsarin lambertian ko kusa da lambertian na yau da kullun, daidai da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120. Ƙarfin yana da mafi girma a digiri 0 (daidai da fuskar LED) kuma yana raguwa zuwa gefuna.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
5.1 Girman Kunshin
LED 19-237B yana da ƙanƙantar kunshin rectangular. Muhimman girma (a cikin mm) sune: Tsawon: 2.0 ±0.2, Faɗin: 1.6 ±0.2, Tsayi: 0.9 ±0.1. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alama akan kunshin. An ba da cikakken zane mai girma, gami da tazarar jagora da geometry na kushin gudanar da wutar lantarki.
5.2 Tsarin Kafa da Gano Polarity da Aka Ba da Shawara
An haɗa tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawara (sawun ƙafa) don ƙirar PCB don tunani, tare da girma na 1.4mm x 0.8mm don kushin. Takardar bayanai ta bayyana a sarari cewa wannan shawara ce kuma masu ƙira su canza shi bisa takamaiman tsarin haɗawa da buƙatun aminci. An nuna bayyanannen ganewar polarity (alamar anode) a saman kunshin don hana sanya shi ba daidai ba.
6. Jagororin Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki da Haɗawa
Ingantaccen sarrafawa da gudanar da wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci ga ɓangarorin SMD. 19-237B an ƙididdige shi don daidaitattun bayanan gudanar da wutar lantarki tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. Don gyara da hannu, gudanar da wutar lantarki da hannu tare da ƙarshen ƙarfe a 350°C yana halatta har zuwa dakika 3. Yana da mahimmanci a bi waɗannan jagororin don hana lalata guntu LED ko kunshin filastik daga zafi mai yawa. Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin ainihin kunshinta mai hana danshi har sai an yi amfani da ita. Idan an fallasa shi ga danshin muhalli fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ana iya buƙatar tsarin gasa kafin gudanar da wutar lantarki don hana "popcorning" (fashewar kunshin saboda matsin tururi yayin gudanar da wutar lantarki).
7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
Ana ba da LED a cikin kunshin mai hana danshi akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya. An ƙayyade girman tef ɗin. Reel yana da daidaitaccen diamita 7-inch. Alamar da ke kan reel tana ba da mahimman bayanai don gano asali da tabbatarwa: Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashen Masana'anta (P/N), Adadin Kunshin (QTY), Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT), Matsayin Launi/Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (HUE), Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (REF), da Lambar Rukuni (LOT No). Wannan tsarin alamar yana tabbatar da ingantaccen sarrafa kayan aiki da sarrafa kaya.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
Lokacin ƙira tare da LED 19-237B, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa. Na farko, koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance yanzu a jere tare da LED. Yi lissafin ƙimar resistor bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_supply), ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na LED (V_F - yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙimar don aminci), da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da ake so (I_F). Formula: R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F. Yi la'akari da ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor. Na biyu, yi la'akari da tasirin zafi. Idan aikace-aikacen yana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma, rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba bisa ga lankwasa da aka bayar don kiyaye tsawon rai da ingantaccen fitarwa na haske. Na uku, don aikace-aikacen launuka daban-daban ko tsararrun, ƙayyade ƙaƙƙarfan lambobin kwandon shara (CAT, HUE) don tabbatar da daidaiton gani a duk LED. Na huɗu, tabbatar da ƙirar kushin PCB tana ba da isasshen fillet na gudanar da wutar lantarki da ƙarfin injiniya. A ƙarshe, yi la'akari da kusurwar dubawa (120°) lokacin ƙira jagororin haske ko ruwan tabarau don aikace-aikacen.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da manyan LED na rami, babban fa'idar 19-237B shine ƙanƙantar sawun ƙafarta na SMD, yana ba da damar haɗawa ta atomatik da ƙanƙanta samfur. A cikin yanayin LED na SMD, mahimman bambance-bambancensa sun haɗa da takamaiman girman kunshin 2.0x1.6mm, faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120, da samuwar manyan launuka guda uku daban-daban (ja, kore, shuɗi) daga jigon kunshin guda ɗaya. Matsakaicin ƙimar wattage daban-daban (60mW don ja, 95mW don kore/shuɗi) da ƙididdiga daban-daban na ESD suma sun bambanta shi da bayarwa na gabaɗaya. Dacewarsa tare da daidaitaccen gudanar da wutar lantarki ta IR/tururi da tsarin rarrabuwa mai bayyananne ya sa ya dace don ƙira da samarwa mai yawa, mai kula da inganci.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin matsakaicin tsawon tsawon da matsakaicin tsawon tsawon?
A: Matsakaicin tsawon tsawon (λ_p) shine tsawon tsawon jiki inda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin haske. Matsakaicin tsawon tsawon (λ_d) shine tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya na fahimta wanda ya dace da launin da idon ɗan adam ke gani. Sau da yawa suna kusa amma ba iri ɗaya ba ne, musamman ga LED masu faɗaɗɗen bakan.
Q: Me ya sa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ya bambanta ga LED ja idan aka kwatanta da kore da shuɗi?
A: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. LED ja yawanci suna amfani da AlGaInP wanda ke da ƙaramin bandgap (~1.8-2.0 eV) fiye da InGaN da ake amfani da shi don LED kore da shuɗi (~2.4-3.4 eV). Babban bandgap yana buƙatar ƙarin wutar lantarki don "tura" electrons a cikinsa.
Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon shara (CAT, HUE, REF) akan alamar reel?
A: Waɗannan lambobin sun dace da kwandon shara na aiki da aka ayyana a cikin takardar bayanai. "CAT" shine kwandon shara na ƙarfin haske (misali, N, P, Q don kore). "HUE" shine matsakaicin tsawon tsawon/kwandon shara na launi (misali, 1, 2, 3 don kore). "REF" shine kwandon shara na ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Ƙayyade waɗannan yana tabbatar da cewa kuna karɓar LED tare da halaye masu matsewa.
Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a 20mA akai-akai?
A: Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke don ci gaba na gaba na yanzu (I_F) shine 25 mA. Saboda haka, 20mA yana cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Duk da haka, dole ne ku tabbatar cewa sakamakon ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (P_d = V_F * I_F) bai wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade na 60 mW (R6) ko 95 mW (GH/BH) ba, musamman a yanayin zafi mai girma, ta hanyar tuntuɓar lankwasa rage ƙimar.
11: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira ta Aiki
Yanayi: Ƙira alamar matsayi mai launuka daban-daban don na'urar mai amfani.Na'urar tana buƙatar alamar launi uku guda ɗaya (Ja/Kore/Shuɗi) don nuna wutar lantarki, jiran aiki, da yanayin kuskure. Ta amfani da silsilar 19-237B, mai ƙira zai sanya LED guda uku (R6, GH, BH) a kusa da juna akan PCB. Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi, za su ƙayyade ƙaƙƙarfan kwandon shara: misali, CAT=P ga duka don samun haske mai kama da juna, da HUE=2 don LED kore don samun takamaiman inuwa. Za su ƙira da'irori masu tuƙi daban-daban guda uku, kowannensu yana da resistor mai iyakance yanzu wanda aka ƙididdige shi don takamaiman V_F na kowane launi (misali, 1.8V don ja, 3.0V don kore/shuɗi daga wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V a 10mA). Hakanan za su tabbatar cewa shimfidar PCB tana ba da isasshen taimako na zafi kuma tana bin girman kushin da aka ba da shawara don sauƙaƙe ingantaccen gudanar da wutar lantarki yayin haɗawa ta atomatik.
12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki
Diodes masu fitar da haske (LED) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (ɓangarorin haske). Launi (tsawon tsawon) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanki mai aiki. 19-237B yana amfani da AlGaInP don fitarwa ja da InGaN don fitarwa kore da shuɗi. Kunshin filastik yana aiki don kare guntu semiconductor mai rauni, siffanta fitarwa na haske (ruwan tabarau), da ba da lambobin lantarki don haɗawa ta saman.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Kasuwar LED na SMD tana ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ƙara yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki, har ma da ƙananan girman kunshin. Akwai babban yanayi zuwa ingantaccen nuna launi da daidaito (ƙaƙƙarfan rarrabuwa). Bugu da ƙari, haɗa kayan aikin sarrafa lantarki, kamar masu tuƙi na yanzu na yau da kullun ko masu sarrafa faɗin bugun jini (PWM), kai tsaye cikin kunshin LED ("LED masu hankali") yana zama mafi yawan al'ada. Dokokin muhalli suna ci gaba da tura kawar da abubuwa masu haɗari da inganta sake yin amfani da su. Ka'idodin da ke cikin 19-237B—ƙanƙantawa, dacewar atomatik, da ikon launuka daban-daban—suna kasancewa a tsakiyar waɗannan ci gaba a cikin hasken ƙwaƙƙwalwa da fasahar nuni.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |