Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED 15-21/GHC-YR2U1/3T - 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - 3.3V - 95mW - K'ore Mai Haske - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

15-21/GHC-YR2U1/3T na'urar da ake hawa a saman allo (SMD) ce mai fitar da haske (LED) wadda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani masu ƙarami. Wannan ɓangaren yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan LED na gargajiya masu tsarin gubar, yana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa dangane da amfani da sararin allo da ƙarancin girman tsarin gaba ɗaya.

Babban fa'idar wannan LED yana cikin ƙarancin girmansa. Girman sa ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin da ake ratsawa ta cikin rami, wannan yana ba masu zane damar samun matsakaicin yawan haɗawa a kan allunan da'ira (PCB). Wannan kai tsaye yana nufin rage girman allo, rage buƙatun ajiya na ɓangarori, kuma a ƙarshe, ƙirƙirar ƙananan kayan aiki masu sauƙi ga mai amfani. Yanayin nauyin SMD da ke cikin sa ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don aikace-aikacen da nauyi da sarari suke da matuƙar mahimmanci.

Wannan LED nau'in launi ɗaya ne, yana fitar da haske mai launin k'ore mai haske, kuma an gina shi ta amfani da kayan da ba su da lahani ga muhalli, ba su da gubar (Pb-free) kuma suna bin ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da marasa halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). Ana samar da shi a cikin tef ɗin da'ira mai girman inci 8 akan reels masu diamita inci 7, yana tabbatar da dacewa da manyan na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik. An kuma tsara na'urar don jurewa daidaitattun hanyoyin siyar da guduro ta infrared da tururi.

2. Zurfin Bayanin Siffofin Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Fahimtar matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dogon lokaci na aminci da hana gazawar bala'i. Waɗannan ƙimar suna ƙayyadaddun iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar.

• Ƙarfin Halin Gaba (IF):25 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin DC na ci gaba da za a iya amfani da shi akan LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Halin Gaba (IFP):50 mA. Wannan ƙimar tana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da cikakken zagaye na 1/10 a 1 kHz. Wucewa da ƙimar ƙarfin ci gaba yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi na musamman na bugun jini.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):95 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi a yanayin zafi na muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Ana rage wannan ƙimar a manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli.
• Fitowar Wutar Lantarki ta Electrostatic (ESD):150 V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Dole ne a bi daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa don hana lalacewa daga wutar lantarki.
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin muhalli.
• Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +90°C. Ana iya adana na'urar a cikin wannan kewayon zafin lokacin da ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba.
• Yanayin Zafin Siyarwa (Tsol):Na'urar za ta iya jurewa siyar da guduro tare da kololuwar zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10. Don siyar da hannu, zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa dakika 3 a kowace tasha.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Halayen lantarki da na gani suna ayyana fitowar haske da halayen lantarki na LED a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA sai dai idan an lura). Waɗannan su ne mahimman ma'auni don ƙira da tabbatar da aiki.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Ya kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 140.0 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 565.0 mcd, tare da ƙimar da ta danganci takamaiman kwandon. Iyakar ƙarfin haske shine ±11%.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 130 (na yau da kullun). Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana nuna tsarin fitarwa na Lambertian ko kusa da Lambertian, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi.
• Kololuwar Tsawon Tsawon (λp):518 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon lokacin da rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya kai kololuwar sa.
• Mahimman Tsawon Tsawon (λd):Ya kewayo daga 520 nm zuwa 535 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani wanda ya dace da launin hasken da aka fitar. Iyakar shine ±1 nm.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):35 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine faɗin bakan da aka fitar, wanda aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM).
• Ƙarfin Halin Gaba (VF):Ya kewayo daga 2.7V (ƙarami) zuwa 3.7V (matsakaici), tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 3.3V a 20mA. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakancewa.
• Ƙarfin Halin Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 50 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin baya (VR) na 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a tsara wannan na'urar don aiki a cikin baya; wannan yanayin gwaji ne don siffanta kawai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bisa mahimman ma'auni. 15-21/GHC-YR2U1/3T yana amfani da tsarin rarrabuwa mai girma biyu.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon daban-daban guda shida (R2, S1, S2, T1, T2, U1), kowanne yana ayyana takamaiman kewayon mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi da matsakaicin ƙarfi da aka auna a millicandelas (mcd) a IF=20mA. Misali, kwandon U1 yana wakiltar mafi girman kewayon ƙarfi daga 450.0 zuwa 565.0 mcd, yayin da kwandon R2 yana wakiltar mafi ƙanƙanta kewayon daga 140.0 zuwa 180.0 mcd. Lambar samfur \"YR2U1\" tana nuna takamaiman kwandon don mahimman tsawon tsawon (Y) da ƙarfin haske (U1).

3.2 Rarrabuwar Mahimman Tsawon Tsawon

Mahimman tsawon tsawon, wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, ana rarraba shi zuwa kwandon uku (X, Y, Z). Kwandon X ya ƙunshi 520.0-525.0 nm, kwandon Y ya ƙunshi 525.0-530.0 nm, kwandon Z kuma ya ƙunshi 530.0-535.0 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa LED daga kwandon tsawon tsawon ɗaya za su kasance daidai a gani a launi.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar zafi da na gani na ci gaba.

• Ƙarfin Halin Gaba da Ƙarfin Halin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfi da ƙarfin lantarki. Ana amfani da shi don tantance wurin aiki da ƙirar masu iyakancewa da suka dace ko direbobi.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Ƙarfin Halin Gaba:Wannan jadawalin yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin tuƙi. Yawanci yana nuna alaƙar ƙasa da layi, inda inganci zai iya raguwa a manyan ƙarfi.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Wannan mahimmiyar lanƙwasa tana nuna rage ƙarfin fitowar haske yayin da zafin haɗin ke ƙaruwa. Ƙarfin haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, wanda dole ne a yi la'akari da shi a cikin ƙira masu aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli.
• Lanƙwasa Rage Ƙarfin Halin Gaba:Wannan jadawalin yana ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin halin gaba na ci gaba da aka halatta a matsayin aikin yanayin zafi na muhalli. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin don ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakokin watsawar wutar lantarki na na'urar.
• Rarraba Bakan:Wannan makircin yana nuna ƙarfin gani na dangi a matsayin aikin tsawon tsawon, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da kololuwar tsawon tsawon na 518 nm tare da faɗin bandwidth na 35 nm.
• Zanen Radiation:Wannan makircin polar yana kwatanta rarraba sararin samaniya na ƙarfin haske, yana tabbatar da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi

LED yana da ƙaramin ƙafar SMD. Manyan girmansu sun haɗa da girman jiki kusan 2.0mm tsawon da 1.25mm faɗi, tare da tsayi na 0.8mm. Takardar bayanin tana ba da cikakken zanen girma da ya haɗa da shimfidar kafet, girman gabaɗaya, da wurin alamar cathode. Ana jurewa yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade. An yiwa cathode alama a sarari don daidaitaccen alkiblar PCB.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Ana samar da na'urar a cikin marufi mai jurewa danshi don hana lalacewa daga danshin muhalli yayin ajiya. Ana ɗora ɓangarorin cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da aljihun da aka daidaita girman marufin 15-21. Ana nannade wannan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya akan da'irar da'ira mai diamita inci 7. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 3000. Marufin ya haɗa da abin bushewa kuma an rufe shi a cikin jakar aluminium mai hana danshi. Alamar jakar tana ƙunshe da mahimman bayanai kamar lambar samfur (P/N), yawa (QTY), matsayin ƙarfin haske (CAT), matsayin launi/tsawon tsawon (HUE), matsayin ƙarfin halin gaba (REF), da lambar kuri'a (LOT No).

6. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa da siyarwa suna da mahimmanci ga aminci. Manyan matakan kariya sun haɗa da:

• Iyakar Ƙarfi:Mai iyakancewa na waje wajibi ne. Halayen I-V na ma'auni na LED yana nufin ƙaramin canjin ƙarfin lantarki zai iya haifar da babban ƙarfin gudu, wanda zai haifar da gazawar nan take.
• Hankalin Danshi:An yi marufin na'urar a cikin jakar shinge na danshi. Da zarar an buɗe, dole ne a yi amfani da LED cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) idan an adana su a yanayi ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ya kamata a sake yin jaka da ɓangarorin da ba a yi amfani da su ba tare da abin bushewa. Idan lokacin bayyanawa ya wuce ko alamar bushewa ta canza launi, ana buƙatar yin gasa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin siyar da guduro.
• Bayanan Bayanan Siyar da Guduro:An ƙayyade bayanin guduro mara gubar (Pb-free). Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da matakin pre-heat tsakanin 150-200°C na dakika 60-120, lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (217°C) na dakika 60-150, da kololuwar zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba har zuwa dakika 10. Matsakaicin ƙimar dumama shine 6°C/sec, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar sanyaya shine 3°C/sec. Kada a yi guduro fiye da sau biyu.
• Siyar da Hannu:Idan ana buƙatar gyaran hannu, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai siyarwa tare da zafin ƙarshen ƙasa da 350°C. Lokacin tuntuɓar kowace tasha dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da dakika 3, kuma ana ba da shawarar ƙarfe mai siyarwa mai kai biyu don cirewa don guje wa damuwa na injiniya. Ƙarfin ƙarfe ya kamata ya zama 25W ko ƙasa da haka.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Launin k'ore mai haske da ƙaramin girman sun sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri:

• Hasken Baya:Mai kyau don hasken baya na alamomi, maɓalli, da alamomi a cikin dashboard na mota, kayan lantarki na mabukaci, da allunan sarrafa masana'antu.
• Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Ana amfani dashi azaman alamomin matsayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin wayoyi, na'urorin faks, da kayan aikin sadarwa.
• Hasken Baya na LCD Lebur:Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin jeri don samar da hasken gefe ko hasken baya kai tsaye ga ƙananan nuni na LCD masu launi ɗaya ko launi.
• Nuni Gabaɗaya:Duk wani aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai haske, abin dogaro, da ƙaramin alamar matsayi.

7.2 Abubuwan Da Ake La'akari Da Ƙira

• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da cewa watsawar wutar lantarki tana da ƙasa, kiyaye ƙaramin zafin haɗin shine mabuɗin don haɓaka fitowar haske da tsawon rai. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan ana aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli ko manyan ƙarfin tuƙi.
• Da'irar Ƙarfafa Ƙarfi:Koyaushe yi amfani da tushen ƙarfi na yau da kullun ko tushen ƙarfin lantarki tare da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin gwano. Lissafa ƙimar resistor bisa ga ƙarfin wadata (Vs), ƙarfin halin gaba na LED (VF, yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don aminci), da ƙarfin halin gaba da ake so (IF): R = (Vs - VF) / IF.
• Ƙirar Gani:Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 yana ba da haske mai faɗi. Don haske mai mai da hankali, ana iya buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje ko jagororin haske.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambancin SMD LED 15-21 yana cikin haɗakar sa da ƙaramin siffa (2.0x1.25mm) tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske (har zuwa 565 mcd don kwandon U1). Idan aka kwatanta da manyan SMD LED (misali, 3528, 5050), yana adana sararin allo mai mahimmanci. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan fakitin ma'auni, yana ba da sauƙin sarrafawa da siyarwa saboda ƙayyadaddun fakitinsa tare da tashoshi masu siyarwa. Amfani da fasahar InGaN don k'ore mai haske yana ba da inganci mafi girma da ingantaccen jikewa na launi idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi. Bin ka'idojin muhalli masu tsauri (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free) ya sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya masu ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun ƙa'ida.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Siffofin Fasaha)

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor ne zan yi amfani da shi tare da wadata na 5V?

A: Ta amfani da matsakaicin VF na 3.7V da IF na burin 20mA: R = (5V - 3.7V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. Yi amfani da ƙimar da'ira ta gaba mafi girma, kamar 68 Ohms, don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin bai wuce 20mA ba.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da 30mA don mafi girman haske?

A: A'a. Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar don ci gaba da ƙarfin halin gaba (IF) shine 25 mA. Wucewa da wannan ƙimar yana haifar da haɗarin lalacewa nan take ko na dogon lokaci ga na'urar. Don mafi girman haske, zaɓi LED daga kwandon mafi girman ƙarfin haske (misali, T2 ko U1).

Q: Jakar ta buɗe tsawon kwanaki 10. Zan iya amfani da LED har yanzu?

A: Ba kai tsaye don siyar da guduro ba. Dole ne da farko ku yi gasa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 don cire danshin da aka ɗauka da hana lalacewar \"popcorning\" yayin guduro.

Q: Ta yaya zan gane cathode?

A: Marufin yana da alamar cathode daban, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zanen girma. A kan ƙafar PCB, yawanci ana nuna kafet ɗin cathode a cikin siliki.

10. Ƙirar Aiki da Misalin Amfani

Harka: Ƙirar Allon Matsayi Mai Nuni Da Yawa

Mai zane yana ƙirƙirar ƙaramin allon sarrafawa tare da alamomin matsayi 12. Sarari yana da iyaka sosai. Ta zaɓar LED 15-21, za su iya sanya alamomi akan grid 0.1-inch (2.54mm). Sun zaɓi kwandon haske na U1 don ganuwa mai girma. Sun ƙirƙiri PCB tare da layin dogo na 5V na gama-gari. Ga kowane LED, sun sanya resistor 68-ohm 0603 a jere. Sun ƙirƙiri haɗin taimakon zafi akan kafet ɗin cathode don taimakawa siyarwa amma suna tabbatar da haɗin ƙasa mai ƙarfi don watsa zafi. Yayin haɗawa, suna bin hanyoyin sarrafa danshi kuma suna amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanan guduro. Sakamakon shine allon nuni mai haske, abin dogaro, da cunkoso wanda ya cika duk buƙatun girman da aiki.

11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan fasahar semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin halin gaba a kan haɗin p-n, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki. Haɗuwarsu yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na InGaN a cikin Layer mai aiki yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, k'ore mai haske a ~518 nm. Resin ɗin da ba shi da ruwa yana kare die na semiconductor kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau na farko, yana taimakawa wajen siffanta tsarin fitarwa na digiri 130. Marufin SMD yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, haɗin lantarki, da hanyar zafi daga mutuwa zuwa PCB.

12. Trends na Fasaha da Ci Gaba

Trend a cikin SMD LED kamar 15-21 yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (fiye da lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin rarrabuwa, da ƙara aminci. Hakanan akwai yunƙuri zuwa ƙananan girman fakitin (misali, fakitin ma'auni) yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani. Yaɗuwar amfani da fasahar InGaN ya ba da damar manyan LED masu launin k'ore da shuɗi, waɗanda a tarihi suka fi wahalar samarwa fiye da LED ja. Ci gaba na gaba na iya haɗawa da haɗaɗɗun direbobi ko da'irar sarrafawa a cikin fakitin, da kuma ci gaba a cikin kayan don ƙara inganta inganci a manyan yanayin zafi da tsawaita tsawon lokacin aiki. Mahimmancin bin ka'idojin muhalli da tsare-tsaren masana'antu mai dorewa shima ya zama al'ada mai ci gaba da girma a cikin masana'antar.