Takardun Bayani na SMD LED LTST-C990KRKT - AlInGaP Ja - 20mA - 1.6-2.4V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fitilun SMD LED mai ƙaramin girma, mai ƙarfin haske. An ƙera shi don haɗa kai ta atomatik a kan allon da'ira (PCB), wannan kayan aiki yana da kyau sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin kayan lantarki masu yawa.

1.1 Siffofi

• Yana bin umarnin muhalli na RoHS.
• Yana ɗauke da ruwan tabarau na dome don ingantaccen rarraba haske.
• Yana amfani da guntu na semiconductor mai ƙarfin haske na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don ingantaccen haske a cikin bakan ja.
• An yi fakitin a kan kaset mai girman 8mm akan reel mai diamita 7-inch, wanda ya dace da daidaitattun kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
• Yana bin daidaitattun ƙirar fakitin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Lantarki).
• An ƙera shi don turawa kai tsaye ta hanyar fitarwar da'irar haɗaɗɗiya (IC).
• Yana cikakken dacewa da hanyoyin solder reflow na infrared (IR).

1.2 Aikace-aikace

Wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikace masu yawa, gami da amma ba'a iyakance su ga:

• Na'urorin sadarwa, kayan aikin sarrafa ofis, kayan amfanin gida, da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu.
• Hasken baya don maɓallan maɓalli da madannai.
• Alamomin matsayi da wutar lantarki.
• Ƙananan nuni da alamomin panel.
• Fitilun sigina da hasken alama.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Wadannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da wucewa da su zai iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):62.5 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da fakitin LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi ba tare da lalacewa ba.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F(PEAK)):60 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda da shi, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zagayowar aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms don hana yin zafi sosai.
• Halin Yanzu na DC Gaba (I_F):25 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai aminci.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin bias na baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-30°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli wanda aka ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba aiki ba.
• Yanayin Solder na Infrared:Yana jure zafin kololuwar 260°C na tsawon dakika 10, wanda shine ma'auni don hanyoyin reflow marasa gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Haske

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C, I_F=20mA sai dai an lura).

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_V):180.0 - 1120.0 mcd (millicandela). An auna ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da lankwasa amsawar hangen nesa na ɗan adam (CIE photopic). An sarrafa babban kewayon ta hanyar tsarin rarraba (binning).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 75. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi ƙimar da aka auna akan axis na tsakiya (0°). Ruwan tabarau na dome yana haifar da wannan faɗin tsarin dubawa.
• Tsayin Zango Mafi Girma na Fitowa (λ_P):639 nm (na al'ada). Tsayin zango inda fitarwar ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Tsayin Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):624.0 - 636.0 nm. An samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE, wannan shine tsayin zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launi (ja).
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na al'ada). Faɗin bakan da aka fitar wanda aka auna a rabin ƙarfin kololuwa, yana nuna tsabtar launi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):1.6 - 2.4 V. Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da aka turawa a 20mA. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan kewayon don ƙirar turawa.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):10 μA (matsakaici). Zubar da halin yanzu lokacin da aka yi amfani da 5V a cikin bias na baya.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace, ana rarraba LEDs bisa mahimman ma'auni na haske.

3.1 Lambar Rukunin Ƙarfin Haske

An rarraba na'urar zuwa rukunoni bisa mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske da aka auna a 20mA. Tolerancin a cikin kowane rukunin shine +/-15%.

• Rukunin S:180.0 - 280.0 mcd
• Rukunin T:280.0 - 450.0 mcd
• Rukunin U:450.0 - 710.0 mcd
• Rukunin V:710.0 - 1120.0 mcd

Zaɓin rukunin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton haske a cikin LEDs da yawa.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman zane-zane a cikin takardar bayani (misali, Hoto 1, Hoto 5), wannan binciken ya dogara ne akan bayanan tebur da aka bayar da kuma halayen LED na yau da kullun.

4.1 Ma'anar Lankwasa IV (Current-Voltage)

Kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) na 1.6V zuwa 2.4V a 20mA yana nuna halayen alaƙar ma'auni na diode. Ainihin V_Fdon takamaiman naúrar zai dogara da kaddarorin kayan semiconductor da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da da'irar iyakance halin yanzu zata iya ɗaukar wannan kewayon don kiyaye halin yanzu daidai, saboda haka, daidaitaccen haske.

4.2 Halayen Zafin Jiki

An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa halayen LED suna dogara da zafin jiki. Yawanci, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau (yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki), yayin da ƙarfin haske shima yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Isasshen sarrafa zafi akan PCB yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai, musamman lokacin aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu.

4.3 Rarraba Tsarin Haske (Spectral Distribution)

Tare da tsayin zango mai rinjaye tsakanin 624nm da 636nm da kuma matsakaicin rabin faɗin bakan na 20nm, wannan LED yana fitar da hasken ja mai cikakken launi. Ƙunƙuntaccen bakan yana da halayen fasahar AlInGaP, yana ba da ingantaccen tsabtar launi idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

LED yana bin daidaitaccen ƙirar fakitin SMD. Duk girmansu yana cikin milimita tare da matsakaicin tolerance na ±0.1mm sai dai an lura. An ayyana takamaiman sawun ƙafa da tsayi a cikin zanen fakitin, wanda ke da mahimmanci don shimfidar PCB da binciken share fage.

5.2 Tsarin Gado na PCB da Ake Shawarar

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (ƙirar gado na tagulla) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Bin wannan shawarar yana taimakawa wajen cimma ingantaccen samuwar fillet ɗin solder da daidaitawa yayin aikin reflow.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Yawanci ana yiwa cathode alama akan na'urar, sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaga, alama mai kore, ko gajeriyar jagora a cikin fakitin. Daidaitaccen alkiblar polarity yana da mahimmanci yayin haɗawa don tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana aiki.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Ma'auni na Solder Reflow (Tsari mara Gubar)

An ƙididdige na'urar don solder reflow na IR tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. An ba da shawarar samfurin bayanin martaba, gami da matakin pre-heat (150-200°C har zuwa dakika 120) don dumama haɗin a hankali da rage girgizar zafi. Ya kamata a haɓaka bayanin martaba daidai da ma'auni na JEDEC kuma a tabbatar da shi tare da takamaiman ƙirar PCB da man solder.

6.2 Solder da Hannu

Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole, ya kamata a yi shi tare da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki wanda aka saita zuwa matsakaicin 300°C. Lokacin tuntuɓar tashar LED bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba, kuma solder ya kamata a iyakance sau ɗaya kawai a kowane gado don hana lalacewar zafi ga fakitin epoxy da guntu na semiconductor.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

LEDs na'urori ne masu kula da danshi (MSL 3). Lokacin da aka ajiye su a cikin jakar su ta asali mai rufaffiyar danshi tare da desiccant, ya kamata a ajiye su a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka fallasa ga iskar muhalli fiye da mako guda ya kamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin reflow don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" yayin solder.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi na tushen barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ko ethyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik ko kayan fakitin.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana samar da abubuwan a kan kaset mai ɗaukar kaya, mai faɗin 8mm, wanda aka nannade akan reel mai diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 3000. An rufe kaset da kaset ɗin murfi don kare abubuwan. Ana bin ma'auni na masana'antu (ANSI/EIA 481) don tazarar aljihu da alkibla.

7.2 Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda

Matsakaicin adadin shiryawa shine guda 3000 a kowane reel. Don sauran adadi, akwai mafi ƙarancin fakitin guda 500.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Turawa (Drive Circuit)

LEDs na'urori ne masu turawa ta hanyar halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da hana cin halin yanzu, ana ba da shawara sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere ga kowane LED, ko da lokacin da aka haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin "Da'irar samfurin A" na takardar bayani). Turawa LEDs kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da daidaita halin yanzu ba ("Da'irar samfurin B") ba a ba da shawara saboda yana haifar da bambancin haske da yuwuwar lalacewa saboda wuce gona da iri a cikin V_Fdaga naúrar zuwa naúrar.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Ƙira

• Saitin Halin Yanzu:Yi aiki a ko ƙasa da shawarar 20mA DC halin yanzu na gaba don mafi kyawun tsawon rai. Yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin halin yanzu wanda ya cimma buƙatun haske.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Tabbatar cewa PCB tana da isasshen yanki na tagulla ko ramukan zafi don watsa zafi, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa na muhalli ko aikace-aikacen halin yanzu mai yawa.
• Kariya daga ESD:Na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Dole ne a yi amfani da ingantattun sarrafawa na ESD (bel ɗin wuyan hannu, tashoshin aiki masu tushe) yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED ja na AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa:

• Mafi Girman Ingantacciya & Haske:Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin LEDs ja na GaAsP, fasahar AlInGaP tana ba da ƙarfin haske mai yawa sosai don irin wannan halin yanzu na turawa.
• Mafi Kyawun Kwanciyar Hankan Zafin Jiki:LEDs na AlInGaP gabaɗaya suna nuna raguwar ƙarfin haske kaɗan tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki fiye da wasu fasahohi.
• Daidaitaccen Fakitin:Sawun ƙafar SMD na ma'auni na EIA yana tabbatar da dacewa da ɗimbin kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik da ɗakunan ajiyar ƙira na PCB, yana rage rikitarwar ƙira da masana'antu.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Me yasa akwai babban bambanci a cikin Ƙarfin Haske (180-1120 mcd)?

Wannan kewayon yana wakiltar jimillar yaɗuwa a cikin dukan samarwa. Ta hanyar tsarin rarraba (S, T, U, V), ana rarraba raka'o'i zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi sosai. Masu ƙira suna ƙayyade rukunin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikacensu.

10.2 Zan iya turawa wannan LED a 25mA akai-akai?

Yayin da 25mA shine matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu na DC, don aiki mai aminci na dogon lokaci da kuma la'akari da yanayin zafi na ainihi, yana da kyau a ƙira da'irar turawa don ƙaramin halin yanzu, kamar yanayin gwaji na al'ada na 20mA. Rage ƙimar yana ƙara amincin.

10.3 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsayin Zango Mafi Girma (Peak) da Tsayin Zango Mai Rinjaye (Dominant)?

Tsayin Zango Mafi Girma (λ_P) shine tsayin zango na zahiri inda fitarwar bakan ya fi ƙarfi. Tsayin Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige bisa fahimtar launi na ɗan adam (ginshiƙi na CIE) wanda ke ayyana launin da aka gane. Don tushen launi ɗaya kamar wannan LED ja, suna kusa amma ba lallai ba ne su zama iri ɗaya.

11. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar panel na nuna matsayi wanda ke buƙatar LEDs ja 5 masu daidaitaccen haske waɗanda aka kunna daga layin dogo na 5V.

1. Zaɓin Rukunin:Zaɓi Rukunin U (450-710 mcd) don babban haske mai daidaito.
2. Halin Yanzu na Turawa:Yi niyya 18mA a kowane LED don kyakkyawan daidaito na haske da tsawon rai.
3. Ƙididdigar Resistor a Jere:Yin amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Don ɗaukar kewayon V_F(1.6V-2.4V), yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdon ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.018A ≈ 144 Ω. Mafi kusancin ƙimar ma'auni shine 150 Ω. Sake ƙididdige halin yanzu don mafi ƙarancin V_F: I_F= (5V - 1.6V) / 150Ω ≈ 22.7mA, wanda har yanzu yana cikin iyaka mai aminci. Saboda haka, resistor 150Ω, 1/8W a jere tare da kowane LED ya dace.
4. Shimfidawa:Sanya LEDs da resistors bisa ga shawarar tsarin gado. Tabbatar da samun ɗan zubar da tagulla a kusa da gadajen LED don nutsewar zafi.

12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'ida

Diodes masu Fitowa da Haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki (guntu na AlInGaP a wannan yanayin). Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na semiconductor (Aluminum, Indium, Gallium, Phosphide) yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, ja. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai siffar dome yana aiki don kare guntu, haɓaka fitar da haske daga semiconductor, da kuma siffanta tsarin radiation zuwa faɗin kusurwar dubawa.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar SMD LED yana ci gaba zuwa mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin fitarwa na haske a kowace watt na shigarwar lantarki), ingantaccen aminci, da ƙananan girman fakitin da ke ba da damar ƙira mai girma. Hakanan akwai mayar da hankali kan ƙarin ƙuntatawa na tolerance na rarraba don launi da ƙarfi don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar launi da daidaito, kamar nuni mai cikakken launi da hasken mota. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban cikin kayan fakitin yana nufin samar da mafi kyawun aikin zafi da juriya ga mawuyacin yanayin muhalli kamar yawan danshi da zagayowar zafi.