Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayin Samfurin
- 1.2 Kasuwanni da Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Zurfin Binciken Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Ma'auni
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
- 3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske
- 4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Zafi na Muhalli
- 4.3 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
- 4.4 Rarraba Bakan Haske
- 4.5 Tsarin Rarraba Haske
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
- 5.1 Girman Kunshin
- 5.2 Gano Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow
- 6.2 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi
- 6.3 Kula da Zane
- 7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda
- 7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Kaset da Rili
- 7.2 Bayanin Lakabi
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane
- 8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 8.3 Zane na Haske
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 11. Nazarin Aikin Zane na Aiki
- 12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
19-223 ƙaramin SMD LED ne mai launuka daban-daban wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar kunshi mai yawa da ingantaccen aiki. Wannan sashi yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan LED na gargajiya mai ramuka, yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙananan samfuran ƙarshe, masu sauƙi, da inganci.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayin Samfurin
Babbar fa'idar SMD LED 19-223 ita ce ƙaramin girmanta. Girman da aka rage sosai idan aka kwatanta da sassan da ke da ramuka yana ba da damar ƙananan zane na allon da'ira (PCB), ƙarin yawan sassa a cikin kunshi, rage buƙatun sararin ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe, ƙirƙirar kayan aiki masu ƙanƙanta. Ginin sa mai sauƙi ya kara sanya shi cikakke don aikace-aikacen ɗauka da ƙanana inda nauyi ke da mahimmanci.
1.2 Kasuwanni da Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi
Wannan LED yana da fa'ida kuma yana niyya zuwa wasu manyan wuraren aikace-aikace:
- Motoci & Kayan Aiki:Hasken baya don alamun dashboard da maɓalli.
- Sadarwa:Alamun yanayi da hasken baya a cikin wayoyi, na'urorin faks, da sauran na'urorin sadarwa.
- Kayayyakin Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Hasken baya mai lebur don nunin ruwa (LCD), hasken maɓalli, da hasken alama.
- Nuni na Gabaɗaya:Magani mai dogaro don ɗimbin buƙatun nuna yanayi a cikin masana'antu daban-daban.
2. Zurfin Binciken Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na haƙiƙa game da mahimman ma'auni na fasaha na LED kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin takardun bayani.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Ma'auni
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan yanayi ba.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):5V. Wannan ƙima ce kaɗan, tana jaddada cewa ba a tsara wannan LED don aiki na baya-baya ba kuma yana buƙatar kariya a cikin da'irori inda ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya faruwa.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF):25 mA don duka guntu R7 (Ja Mai Duhu) da G6 (Kore-Rawa Mai Haske).
- Kololuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IFP):60 mA (duty cycle 1/10 @ 1kHz). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren bugun jini na mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki, mai amfani don haɗawa ko samun mafi girman haske na nan take.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):60 mW. Wannan ma'auni, tare da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, yana ƙayyadad da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba mai ɗorewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da aka bayar.
- Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsarki (ESD) Samfurin Jikin Mutum (HBM):2000V. Wannan yana nuna matsakaicin matakin ƙarfin ESD, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar matakan kulawa na ESD na yau da kullun yayin haɗawa.
- Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki), -40°C zuwa +90°C (ajiye). Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da dogaro a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
- Zafin Solder:Ya dace da solder reflow (kololuwar 260°C na 10 sec max) da solder na hannu (350°C na 3 sec max).
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na aikin al'ada da aka auna a Ta=25°C da IF=20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.
- Ƙarfin Haske (Iv):18.0 - 72.0 mcd (Matsakaici - Matsakaicin kewayon). Ƙimar al'ada ta faɗi cikin wannan kewayon rarrabuwa (duba Sashe na 3). Ana amfani da juzu'i na ±11%.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 130 (na al'ada). Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin ganuwa.
- Kololuwar Tsawon Tsawon (λp):R7: 639 nm (na al'ada), G6: 575 nm (na al'ada). Yana ayyana kololuwar bakan hasken da aka fitar.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd):R7: 631 nm (na al'ada), G6: 573 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shi ne tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon mutum ya gane, yana da alaƙa da launi.
- Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na al'ada) ga duka biyun. Yana nuna tsaftar bakan launin da aka fitar.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.00V (na al'ada), 2.40V (max). Wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da amfani ga na'urori masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki da na'urorin aiki da baturi.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (IR):10 μA (max) a VR=5V.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
Fitowar hasken LED ta bambanta daga na'ura zuwa na'ura. Ana amfani da tsarin rarrabuwa don rarraba sassa bisa mahimman ma'auni na aiki.
3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske
Duka guntu R7 da G6 ana rarraba su zuwa rukunoni uku na ƙarfi (M, N, P) lokacin da aka tuƙa su a IF=20mA:
- Rukunin M:18.0 - 28.5 mcd
- Rukunin N:28.5 - 45.0 mcd
- Rukunin P:45.0 - 72.0 mcd
Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LED tare da matakan haske masu daidaito don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin tsararrun LED da yawa.
4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardun bayani yana ba da lanƙwasa halaye na al'ada waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.
4.1 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba. Yayin da ƙarfin ke ƙaruwa gabaɗaya tare da ƙarfin lantarki, inganci (lumens kowace watt) na iya raguwa a mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki saboda ƙarin samar da zafi. Aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba (25mA) yana buƙatar kulawar zafi mai kyau.
4.2 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Zafi na Muhalli
Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi. Wannan raguwar zafi wani muhimmin abu ne na zane, musamman ga aikace-aikacen da ke cikin yanayi mai zafi ko inda ake tuƙa LED a manyan ƙarfin lantarki. Lanƙwasa raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ba da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yarda a manyan yanayin zafi don hana wuce iyakar ɓarnar wutar lantarki.
4.3 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
Wannan lanƙwasa mai ma'ana yana da mahimmanci. LED yana fara gudanarwa da fitar da haske a wani ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na bakin kofa (~1.8V don waɗannan na'urorin). Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki bayan wannan batu yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan yana jaddada wajibcin amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ko direba mai ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin don hana "guduwar zafi".
4.4 Rarraba Bakan Haske
Jadawalin yana nuna rarraba ƙarfin bakan dangi. Guntu R7 yana fitar da haske a yankin ja (~639nm kololuwa), yayin da guntu G6 ke fitar da haske a yankin kore-rawa (~575nm kololuwa). Faɗin bandwidth na 20nm yana nuna launuka masu cikar cikawa.
4.5 Tsarin Rarraba Haske
Zanen polar yana tabbatar da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130, yana nuna tsarin fitar da haske kusa da Lambertian inda ƙarfin ya fi girma a 0° (a kai tsaye zuwa guntu) kuma yana raguwa zuwa gefuna.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
5.1 Girman Kunshin
LED yana da ƙaramin kunshin SMD. Manyan girma (a cikin mm, juzu'i ±0.1mm sai dai idan an lura) sun haɗa da girman jiki kusan 2.0mm tsayi, 1.25mm faɗi, da 0.8mm tsayi. Takardun bayani yana ba da cikakken zanen girma ciki har da shimfidar kafet, wanda ke da mahimmanci don zanen sawun PCB.
5.2 Gano Polarity
Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alama akan kunshin ko kusurwa mai siffa, kamar yadda aka nuna a zanen girma. Dole ne a kiyaye polarity daidai yayin haɗawa.
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow
Bangaren ya dace da hanyoyin reflow na infrared da tururi. Shahararriyar bayanin maras gubar ta haɗa da: matakin pre-heating (150-200°C na 60-120s), lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (217°C na 60-150s), matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C matsakaicin na 10 seconds matsakaicin, da sarrafa yawan sanyaya. Kada a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu.
6.2 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi
Ana kunna LED a cikin jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da desiccant. Kula yana da mahimmanci:
- Kada a buɗe jakar har sai an shirya don amfani.
- Bayan buɗewa, yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 168 (7 kwanaki) idan an adana shi a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH.
- Idan an wuce lokacin bayyanawa, ana buƙatar maganin gasa (60±5°C na 24 hours) kafin solder don hana lalacewar "popcorning" yayin reflow.
6.3 Kula da Zane
- Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki:Resistor na waje na jerin abubuwan wajibi ne don saita ƙarfin lantarki na aiki. Lanƙwasa I-V mai tsayi yana nufin ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki mai lalata.
- Matsalolin Injiniya:Kawar da amfani da damuwa ga jikin LED yayin solder ko sarrafa allon. Kada a karkatar da PCB bayan haɗawa.
7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda
7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Kaset da Rili
Ana samar da samfurin a cikin kaset 8mm akan rili mai diamita 7-inch, wanda ya dace da ingantaccen kayan aikin zaɓi da wuri ta atomatik. Kowace rili tana ɗauke da guda 2000. An ba da cikakkun bayanai na kaset ɗaukar kaya da girman rili a cikin takardun bayani.
7.2 Bayanin Lakabi
Lakabin rili ya haɗa da lambobin:
- Lambar Samfurin (P/N)
- Adadin Kunshi (QTY)
- Matsayin Ƙarfin Haske (CAT)
- Matsayin Launi & Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (HUE)
- Matsayin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF)
- Lambar Lot (LOT No.)
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane
8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
Mafi mahimmancin da'irar tuƙi ta ƙunshi tushen ƙarfin lantarki (VCC), resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki (RS), da LED a cikin jerin. RS= (VCC- VF) / IF. Don kwanciyar hankali na haske akan yanayin zafi da bambance-bambancen ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ana ba da shawarar direba mai ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin.
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Ko da yake ƙanana, dole ne a yi la'akari da ɓarnar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 60mW). Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na jan ƙarfe akan PCB da aka haɗa zuwa kafet ɗin zafi na LED (idan ya dace) ko kewaye da filin ƙasa don zama mai sanyaya zafi, musamman lokacin aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli ko manyan ƙarfin lantarki.
8.3 Zane na Haske
Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 na iya buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, jagororin haske) idan ana buƙatar ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali. Launin guduro mai tsabta na ruwa na kunshin ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake son ainihin launin guntu.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
LED 19-223 ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙaramin siffarsa, samuwa a cikin launuka biyu daban-daban (ja da kore-rawa) daga sawun ƙafa ɗaya na kunshi, da bin ka'idojin muhalli na zamani (RoHS, REACH, Ba Mai Halogen). Idan aka kwatanta da manyan LED, yana ba da damar adana sarari mai mahimmanci. Amfani da kayan AlGaInP don duka launuka yana ba da ingantaccen ingancin haske.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q: Me ya sa resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ya zama dole?
A: Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da kwanciyar hankali, amma ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki sama da bakin kofa. Ba tare da resistor ba, ƙarfin lantarki zai iya wuce matsakaicin ma'auni (25mA) da lalata LED cikin sauri.
Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da samar da dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V?
A: Ee, amma dole ne ku lissafa madaidaicin resistor na jerin. Misali, tare da samar da 3.3V da manufa IFna 20mA, ta amfani da V na al'adaFna 2.0V: R = (3.3V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. Madaidaicin resistor 68 Ohm zai dace.
Q: Menene ma'anar "±11% juzu'i" akan ƙarfin haske ga zanena?
A: Yana nufin LED ɗaya, ko da daga rukunin ɗaya, na iya bambanta cikin haske har zuwa 11% daga ƙimar rukunin. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya (misali, tsararrun hasken baya), kuna iya buƙatar zaɓar ƙananan rukunoni ko aiwatar da daidaita ƙarfin lantarki.
11. Nazarin Aikin Zane na Aiki
Yanayi:Zanen ƙaramin allon nuna yanayi tare da LED huɗu (ja biyu, kore biyu) don na'urar ɗauka da baturin Li-ion 3.7V ke kunna.
Matakan Zane:
- Zaɓin Ƙarfin Lantarki:Zaɓi IF= 15 mA don daidaita ingantaccen haske da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, yana tsawaita rayuwar baturi.
- Lissafin Resistor:Zaton mafi munin VF= 2.4V. RS= (3.7V - 2.4V) / 0.015A ≈ 86.7 Ohms. Yi amfani da madaidaicin resistor 91 Ohm ko 100 Ohm.
- Shimfidar PCB:Sanya LED tare da polarity daidai. Haɗa ƙaramin zubar da jan ƙarfe da aka haɗa zuwa kafet ɗin cathode don taimakawa wajen kawar da zafi.
- Binciken Zafi:Wutar lantarki kowace LED: P = VF* IF≈ 2.0V * 0.015A = 30mW, ƙasa da matsakaicin 60mW. Jimlar LED huɗu shine 120mW, wanda za a iya sarrafa shi akan ƙaramin allon.
- Ajiya/Haɗawa:Tsara haɗin PCB don amfani da rili na LED cikin kwanaki 7 na buɗe jakunkunan hana danshi.
12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki
Diodes Masu Fitowa Haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. 19-223 yana amfani da tsarin kayan AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide), waɗanda su ne masu fitar da haske mai inganci a cikin bakan ja zuwa kore-rawa.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Juyin halittar SMD LEDs kamar 19-223 yana bin wasu bayyanannun trends na masana'antu: ci gaba da ƙanƙanta don ba da damar ƙananan samfuran ƙarshe, inganta ingancin haske (ƙarin fitowar haske kowace watt na shigar da lantarki), ingantaccen dogaro da tsawon rai, da bin ƙa'idodin muhalli (ba mai halogen, RoHS). Tuƙi zuwa ga kunshi mafi girma yana tura ci gaba a cikin sarrafa zafi a matakin kunshi da mafi daidaitattun tsarin rarrabuwa don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin masana'antu mai yawa ta atomatik.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |