Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki-Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
- 3.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)
- 3.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV)
- 3.3 Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (Wd)
- 4. Bincike akan Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Halin Halin Yanzu da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (I-V)
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Halin Yanzu na Gaba
- 4.3 Halayen Zafin Jiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kundi
- 5.1 Girman Kundi
- 5.2 Tsarin Faɗin PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara
- 5.3 Gano Polariti
- 6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Haɗa IR Reflow (Tsarin Ba Mai Gubar ba)
- 6.2 Ajiya da Gudanarwa
- 6.3 Tsaftacewa
- 7. Bayanin Kundi da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10.1 Wane ƙimar resistor ya kamata in yi amfani da shi tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V?
- 10.2 Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ta amfani da tushen halin yanzu na akai ba?
- 10.3 Me yasa akwai matsakaicin matsayin halin yanzu (100mA) ya fi halin yanzu na ci gaba (50mA)?
- 11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
- 12. Gabatarwa kan Ƙa'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanai na fasaha don na'urar LED mai haɗawa da saman (SMD). An ƙera kayan ɗin don tsarin haɗa allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB) ta atomatik, yana da ƙaramin siffa wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. LED tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da fitowar haske mai watsa raɗaɗi. Babban aikinta shine a matsayin mai nuna matsayi, mai haskaka sigina, ko don hasken baya na gaban allon a cikin tsarin lantarki daban-daban.
1.1 Siffofi
- Yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).
- An yi kundi a cikin tef na milimita 8 akan reels masu diamita inci 7 don injunan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Madaidaicin ƙafar kundi na EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Lantarki).
- Shigarwa ya dace da matakan dabaru na da'ira haɗaɗɗiya (IC) na yau da kullun.
- An ƙera shi don dacewa da tsarin sanya kayan aiki ta atomatik.
- Yana jure tsarin haɗa ta hanyar reflow na infrared (IR) na yau da kullun.
- An riga an shirya shi don hanzarta zuwa Matakin Haɗarin Danshi na JEDEC (Majalisar Injiniyan Kayan Lantarki) 3.
1.2 Aikace-aikace
An yi amfani da LED ɗin a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, kasuwanci, da masana'antu da yawa. Yankunan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da na'urorin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya/wayoyin hannu), kayan aikin sarrafa ofis (misali, kwamfutocin littafin rubutu, tsarin cibiyar sadarwa), kayan amfani na gida, da allunan sarrafa masana'antu gabaɗaya. Ayyukansa na musamman sune a matsayin masu nuna matsayi, hasken sigina ko alama, da hasken baya na gaban allon.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
Sasannin masu zuwa suna ba da cikakken bincike game da mahimman ma'auni na aikin LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun (Ta=25°C).
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba kuma ya kamata a guje su don ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):130 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da kundi zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF(peak)):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na gaggawa da aka ba da izini, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms) don hana yin zafi sosai.
- Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF):50 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC da aka ba da shawarar don ci gaba da aiki.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya wanda ya wuce wannan ƙimar zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
- Kewayon Yanayin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin yanayi wanda aka ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
- Kewayon Yanayin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki-Gani
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun (IF= 20mA, Ta=25°C).
- Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV):710 - 1400 mcd (millicandela). Wannan shine ƙarfin haske da ake gani a kowace kusurwar ƙarfi. Faɗin kewayon yana nuna ana amfani da tsarin rarrabawa (duba Sashe na 3). Ma'auni yana bin lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):120° (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi ƙimar da ke kan axis na gani (0°). Kusurwar 120° tana nuna faɗin tsarin fitarwa mai watsawa wanda ya dace da hasken yanki mai faɗi.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λP):592 nm (na yau da kullun). Tsawon tsawon raɗaɗi wanda ƙarfin hasken haske ya fi girma.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd):584.5 - 594.5 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsawon raɗaɗi guda ɗaya wanda ya fi wakiltar launin hasken da ake gani, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Spectral (Δλ):15 nm (na yau da kullun). Faɗin hasken fitarwa a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Ƙimar 15nm siffa ce ta kayan AlInGaP, tana nuna launin rawaya mai tsafta.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.1V (na yau da kullun), 2.6V (matsakaici) a 20mA. Faɗin wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na gaba.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):10 μA (matsakaici) a VR=5V. Ƙaramin halin yanzu na ɓarna wanda ke gudana lokacin da na'urar ta kasance mai karkatar da baya a cikin matsakaicin matsayinta.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun wutar lantarki, haske, da launi don aikace-aikacensu.
3.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)
Ana rarraba LEDs bisa ga faɗin wutar lantarki na gaba a 20mA. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance halin yanzu da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri na layi daya.
- Kwandon D2:1.8V - 2.0V
- Kwandon D3:2.0V - 2.2V
- Kwandon D4:2.2V - 2.4V
- Kwandon D5:2.4V - 2.6V
- Jurewa kowane kwandon: ±0.1V
3.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV)
Wannan rarrabawar tana tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin matakin haske don takamaiman lambar samfur.
- Kwandon U2:710 mcd - 900 mcd
- Kwandon V1:900 mcd - 1120 mcd
- Kwandon V2:1120 mcd - 1400 mcd
- Jurewa kowane kwandon: ±11%
3.3 Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (Wd)
Wannan rarrabawar tana sarrafa daidaitaccen inuwar rawaya da LED ke fitarwa.
- Kwandon H:584.5 nm - 587.0 nm
- Kwandon J:587.0 nm - 589.5 nm
- Kwandon K:589.5 nm - 592.0 nm
- Kwandon L:592.0 nm - 594.5 nm
- Jurewa kowane kwandon: ±1 nm
4. Bincike akan Lanƙwasa Aiki
Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar bayani, ana iya bayyana yanayin aikin AlInGaP LEDs na yau da kullun.
4.1 Halin Halin Yanzu da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (I-V)
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) yana nuna alaƙar logarithmic tare da halin yanzu na gaba (IF). Ƙasa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kunna (~1.8V don AlInGaP), halin yanzu ya yi ƙanƙanta. Sama da wannan bakin kofa, VFyana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado tare da IF, tare da gangare da aka ƙaddara ta juriyar motsi na diode. Yin aiki a cikin shawarar 20mA yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin na yau da kullun VF range.
4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Halin Yanzu na Gaba
Ƙarfin hasken haske (IV) yana kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a halin yanzu mai yawa saboda ƙarin zafin haɗin gwiwa da sauran tasirin da ba na layi ba. Turawa LED a ko ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na ci gaba (50mA) yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙayyadaddun fitarwa da tsawon rai.
4.3 Halayen Zafin Jiki
Aikin LEDs yana dogara da zafin jiki. Yawanci, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau, yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Akasin haka, ƙarfin hasken haske gabaɗaya yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin haɗin gwiwa. Gudanar da zafin jiki mai kyau a cikin aikace-aikace (misali, isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB don zubar da zafi) yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaitaccen fitarwa na gani da amincin na'urar a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon yanayin aiki.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kundi
5.1 Girman Kundi
LED yana cikin kundi na yau da kullun mai haɗawa da saman. An ba da duk mahimman girmansu a cikin milimita tare da jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.2mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade. Kundi ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa wanda ke haifar da faɗin kusurwar dubawa na 120°.
5.2 Tsarin Faɗin PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara
An ba da ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa don haɗa ta hanyar reflow na infrared ko matakin tururi. Yin bin wannan ƙafar da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gwiwar da ya dace, daidaita kai yayin reflow, da haɗin injiniya mai dogaro. Ƙirar faɗin kuma tana taimakawa wajen zubar da zafi daga kundin LED.
5.3 Gano Polariti
LEDs masu haɗawa da saman yawanci suna da alama ko siffa mai siffa (kamar notch ko kusurwa mai kusurwa) akan kundi don nuna tashar cathode (maras kyau). Daidaitaccen yanayin polariti akan PCB wajibi ne don na'urar ta yi aiki.
6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Haɗa IR Reflow (Tsarin Ba Mai Gubar ba)
Takardun bayani tana nuni ga bayanin da ya dace da J-STD-020B. Bayanin reflow mara gubar na yau da kullun ya haɗa da:
- Dumama/Ramp:Gangare zuwa ~150-200°C don kunna kwarara da rage girgizar zafi.
- Yankin Jiƙa:Filin tudu yawanci tsakanin 150-200°C har zuwa dakika 120 don ba da damar daidaita zafin jiki a fadin PCB.
- Yankin Reflow:Ƙaruwar zafin jiki cikin sauri zuwa kololuwar 260°C matsakaici. Lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (misali, 217°C) ya kamata a sarrafa shi.
- Sanyaya:Matakin sanyaya da aka sarrafa don ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar solder.
- Lura:Dole ne a inganta takamaiman bayanin don ainihin haɗin PCB, la'akari da kauri na allon, yawan abubuwan da aka haɗa, da ƙayyadaddun manna solder.
6.2 Ajiya da Gudanarwa
- Kundi Mai Rufi:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan ranar tattarawa lokacin da yake cikin jakar shinge mai danshi tare da desiccant.
- Kundi da aka Buɗe:Don abubuwan da aka cire daga busasshen fakitin su, yanayin ajiyar da aka ba da shawarar shine ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ya kamata a yi wa abubuwan haɗin gwiwar IR reflow cikin sa'o'i 168 (mako 1) bayan fallasa. Don dogon lokacin fallasa, ana ba da shawarar gasa na awanni 48 a 60°C kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana \"popcorning\" yayin reflow.
6.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ko ethyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da shi a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun kuma ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Guji masu tsaftace sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba waɗanda zasu iya lalata ruwan tabarau na LED ko kayan kundi.
7. Bayanin Kundi da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
Ana samar da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da tef ɗin kariya, wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita inci 7 (178mm). Matsakaicin adadin reel shine guda 2000 a kowane reel. Marufi ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481 don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan haɗawa ta atomatik.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin ya zama dole lokacin haɗawa zuwa tushen wutar lantarki. Ƙimar resistor (Rs) ana iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: Rs= (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Don daidaiton haske lokacin turawa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu daban-daban ga kowane LED, maimakon resistor guda ɗaya don gabaɗayan jeri na layi daya. Wannan yana rama bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) tsakanin LEDs ɗaya.
8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira
- Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:Tabbatar cewa shimfidar PCB yana ba da isasshen taimakon zafi, musamman lokacin aiki kusa da matsakaicin ma'auni na halin yanzu. Zubar da tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa faɗin zafi na LED na iya taimakawa wajen zubar da zafi.
- Kariya ta ESD:Duk da yake ba a bayyana shi a sarari ga duk LEDs ba, aiwatar da kariyar ESD ta asali akan layukan sigina da aka haɗa zuwa LEDs kyakkyawan aikin ƙira ne don yanayi mai mahimmanci.
- Ƙirar Gani:Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa yana ba da faɗin dubawa. Don hasken da aka jagoranta, ana iya buƙatar na'urorin gani na waje (masu haskakawa, bututun haske).
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Wannan LED na rawaya na tushen AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi na musamman. Idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar fasaha kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) rawaya LEDs, AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai, yana haifar da fitarwa mai haske a halin yanzu guda ɗaya na tuƙi, da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na launi akan zafin jiki da tsawon rai. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na 120° tare da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa siffa ce mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi, daidai gwargwado maimakon katako mai mai da hankali, yana bambanta shi da LEDs masu ƙunƙuntaccen kusurwar dubawa waɗanda aka ƙera don hasken da aka jagoranta.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)
10.1 Wane ƙimar resistor ya kamata in yi amfani da shi tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V?
Yin amfani da na yau da kullun VFna 2.1V a 20mA: R = (5V - 2.1V) / 0.02A = 145 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar da'irar 150 Ohms zai haifar da IF≈ 19.3mA, wanda ya yarda. Koyaushe a yi lissafi ta amfani da matsakaicin VF(2.6V) don tabbatar da cewa mafi ƙarancin halin yanzu ya isa don buƙatar hasken ku: Rmin= (5V - 2.6V) / 0.02A = 120 Ohms.
10.2 Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ta amfani da tushen halin yanzu na akai ba?
Ee, direban halin yanzu na akai da aka saita zuwa 20mA hanya ce mai kyau don turawa LED, kamar yadda yake tabbatar da daidaitaccen ƙa'idar halin yanzu ba tare da bambance-bambancen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ba. Wannan sau da yawa ana fifita shi don aikace-aikacen haske mai mahimmanci.
10.3 Me yasa akwai matsakaicin matsayin halin yanzu (100mA) ya fi halin yanzu na ci gaba (50mA)?
Matsakaicin matsayin halin yanzu yana ba da damar ɗigon gajeren lokaci na halin yanzu mafi girma, wanda zai iya zama da amfani don tsarin haɗawa da yawa ko ƙirƙirar walƙiya mai haske, gajere. Ƙananan aikin aiki (1/10) yana tabbatar da matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki da zafin haɗin gwiwa sun kasance cikin iyakokin aminci, yana hana lalacewar zafi.
11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
Yanayi: Mai Nuna Matsayin Gaban Allon don Router na Cibiyar Sadarwa
Mai ƙira yana buƙatar LEDs na matsayi na rawaya da yawa akan gaban allon router don nuna wutar lantarki, haɗin intanet, da aikin Wi-Fi. Sun zaɓi wannan LED don faɗin kusurwar dubawa, yana tabbatar da cewa hasken yana bayyana daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Ana turawa LEDs a 15mA (ƙasa da yanayin gwaji na 20mA don tsawon rai) ta hanyar filayen GPIO akan microcontroller. Ana amfani da resistor na jerin ohm 150 ga kowane LED, wanda aka haɗa zuwa layin dogo na 3.3V. Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa yana ba da haske mai laushi, mara kyalli wanda ya dace da yanayin gida/ofis. An sanya LEDs akan PCB bisa ga shimfidar faɗin da aka ba da shawarar kuma an haɗa su ta amfani da bayanin reflow mara gubar na yau da kullun.
12. Gabatarwa kan Ƙa'idar Aiki
LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap na kayan, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a haɗin p-n. A cikin LED na AlInGaP, wannan taron sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin Aluminium, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphide yana ƙaddara ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsawon raɗaɗi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, a cikin bakan rawaya (~590nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai watsawa da ke kewaye da guntun semiconductor yana watsa hasken, yana haifar da faɗin tsarin fitarwa.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar LED yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen launi, da ƙarin dogaro. Don LEDs irin na nuna alama, ƙanƙanta yana ci gaba yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitowar haske. Haka nan akwai mai da hankali kan faɗaɗa gamut ɗin launi da ake samu a cikin kundin SMD. Amfani da AlInGaP don rawaya, amber, da ja LEDs yana wakiltar ingantaccen fasaha, mai inganci. Ci gaba na gaba na iya haɗawa da sabbin tsarin kayan aiki ko tsarin nanostructures don cimma mafi ƙunƙuntaccen fitarwa na gani ko inganci mafi girma a yanayin zafi.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |