Takardun Bayani na LED na SMD 12-21C/T3D-CP1Q2B12Y/2C - Kunshin 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.7-3.4V - Ƙarfi 40mW - Farin Tsantsa - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

12-21C/T3D-CP1Q2B12Y/2C LED ne mai ƙaramin girma, wanda aka ƙera don ayyukan lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar haske mai aminci da ƙarancin girma. Wannan kayan yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan LED na gargajiya, yana ba da damar rage girman samfurin ƙarshe da ingantaccen aiki.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayin Samfurin

Babban fa'idar wannan LED shine ƙarancin girmansa. Girman kunshin yana ba da damar ƙara yawan LED a kan allon da'ira (PCB), wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage girman allon da kuma ƙananan kayan aiki. Yanayinsa mai sauƙi ya sa ya dace musamman don ayyukan da ake ɗauka da sarari da nauyi suke da muhimmanci. An sanya samfurin a matsayin mafita mai amfani da yawa, don nuna alama da hasken baya, wanda ya dace da manyan ka'idojin muhalli da aminci ciki har da RoHS, REACH, da buƙatun Halogen-Free (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).

1.2 Kasuwa da Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan LED don ayyuka da yawa a cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani, motoci, da sassan sadarwa. Manyan wuraren aiki sun haɗa da hasken baya don kayan aikin mota, maɓalli, da alamomi; ayyukan nuna alama da hasken baya a cikin na'urorin sadarwa kamar wayoyi da na'urorin fax; da kuma hasken baya na LCD. Dacewarsa da na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik da tsarin gama na infrared/vapor phase reflow ya sa ya dace don samarwa mai yawa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakken ma'auni na lantarki da na haske yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai aminci da tabbatar da aiki na dogon lokaci.

2.1 Cikakkun Ƙididdiga na Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda suka wuce su, lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Baya (V_R):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin bias baya zai iya haifar da rushewar junction nan da nan.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Gaba (I_F):10 mA (Ci gaba).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Gaba Mafi Girma (I_FP):100 mA (Duty Cycle 1/10 @ 1 kHz). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma, mai amfani don haɗawa da yawa ko samun haske mafi girma a lokaci guda.
• Rushewar Ƙarfi (P_d):40 mW. Wannan shine iyakar ƙarfin da kunshin zai iya fitarwa a matsayin zafi ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafinsa ba.
• Tashin Lantarki (ESD):Samfurin Jikin Mutum (HBM) 150 V. Wannan yana nuna matsakaicin hankali ga ESD, yana buƙatar tsarin sarrafa daidai a cikin yanayin da aka kare ESD.
• Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Wannan faɗin kewayon ya dace da yanayin motoci da masana'antu.
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken (T_a= 25°C)

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na daidaitacce kuma suna bayyana aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v):45.0 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 112.0 mcd (Mafi girma) a I_F= 5 mA. Ba a ƙayyade ƙimar yau da kullun ba, yana nuna ana sarrafa aiki ta hanyar tsarin rarrabuwa (binning).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 110 (Na yau da kullun). Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa sifa ce ta kunshin resin rawaya mai yaduwa, yana ba da rarraba haske mai faɗi da daidaito.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Gaba (V_F):2.70 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 3.40 V (Mafi girma) a I_F= 5 mA. Matsakaicin jurewar ±0.05V a kowane rukuni yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin rukunonin samarwa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Baya (I_R):50 μA (Mafi girma) a V_R= 5 V. Wannan ma'auni ne kawai don dalilai na gwaji; ba a nufin na'urar don aiki na bias baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa (Binning)

Ana rarraba samfurin zuwa rukunoni bisa mahimman ma'auni na aiki don tabbatar da daidaito ga mai amfani na ƙarshe. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED masu halaye masu ƙarfi don kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin jeri.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Intensity Binning)

Ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunoni huɗu (P1, P2, Q1, Q2) bisa ga auna ƙarfin haske a 5 mA. Rukunonin suna daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 45.0 mcd (P1) zuwa mafi girma na 112.0 mcd (Q2). Ana amfani da jurewar ±11% a cikin kowane rukuni. Zaɓin daga rukuni ɗaya yana da mahimmanci don ayyukan da ke buƙatar haske iri ɗaya.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin wutar lantarki gaba zuwa rukunoni bakwai (Lambobin Rukuni 34 zuwa 40), kowanne yana da 0.1V, daga 2.70-2.80V (Lamba 34) zuwa 3.30-3.40V (Lamba 40). Jurewar ±0.05V a kowane rukuni yana tabbatar da tsinkayar ja da ƙarfin lantarki lokacin da ake kunna LED a layi daya tare da resista guda ɗaya mai iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki.

3.3 Rarrabuwar Matsayin Launi (Chromaticity Coordinate Binning)

An bayyana hasken Farin Tsantsa ta hanyar ma'auni na chromaticity akan zane na CIE 1931. Takardun bayani ya ƙayyade rukunoni huɗu (1-4), kowanne an bayyana shi da ma'auni huɗu na (x, y). Jurewar waɗannan ma'auni shine ±0.01. Wannan rarrabuwar yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi, wanda yake da mahimmanci don hasken baya da ayyukan nuna alama inda daidaitawar launi ke da mahimmanci.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen kunshin SMD tare da girman kusan 2.0mm tsawon, 1.25mm faɗi, da 0.8mm tsayi (jurewa ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka). Zanen kunshin yana nuna alamar cathode a sarari, wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen alkiblar PCB. An ba da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar (footprint) don tabbatar da gama daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Daidaitaccen polarity yana da mahimmanci. Kunshin yana da alamar cathode daban. Takardun bayani ya haɗa da cikakken zane wanda ke nuna wannan ganewa. Saka LED a cikin polarity baya zai hana shi haskakawa kuma amfani da cikakken iyakar ƙarfin wutar lantarki baya na 5V zai iya lalata na'urar.

5. Jagororin Gama da Haɗawa

Yin biyayya ga waɗannan jagororin wajibi ne don hana lalacewar zafi ko injiniya yayin aikin haɗawa.

5.1 Tsarin Gama ta Hanyar Reflow

Kayan ya dace da tsarin gama na reflow maras gubar (Pb-free). Tsarin zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade yana da mahimmanci:

• Kafin Dumama:150-200°C na dakika 60-120.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (217°C):Dakika 60-150.
• Matsakaicin Zazzabi:260°C iyakar, a riƙe ba fiye da dakika 10 ba.
• Ƙimar Dumama:Matsakaicin 6°C/daƙiƙa.
• Lokaci Sama da 255°C:Matsakaicin dakika 30.
• Ƙimar Sanyaya:Matsakaicin 3°C/daƙiƙa.

Bai kamata a yi gama ta hanyar reflow fiye da sau biyu akan kayan ɗaya ba.

5.2 Gama da Hannu

Idan gama da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan. Dole ne zafin ƙarshen guga ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tashar bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Ana ba da shawarar guga mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (≤25W). Ya kamata a kiyaye tazara mafi ƙanƙanta na dakika 2 tsakanin gama kowane tashar don ba da damar sanyaya.

5.3 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi

Ana kunna LED a cikin jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da abin bushewa (desiccant).

• Kafin Buɗewa:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% Danshi Dangi (RH).
• Bayan Buɗewa (Rayuwar Bene):Sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH.
• Gasasshen (Baking):Idan rayuwar bene ta wuce ko abin bushewa ya nuna shigar danshi, a gasa a 60 ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

Kada a buɗe jakar mai hana danshi har sai an shirya kayan don haɗawa.

6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

6.1 Kunshin Daidaitacce

Ana ba da LED a cikin kaset ɗin 8mm akan reels masu diamita inci 7. Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 2000. An ƙayyade girman kaset ɗin da reel a cikin takardun bayani don sauƙaƙe sarrafa atomatik da saitin na'urorin ɗauka da sanyawa.

6.2 Bayanin Alama (Label)

Alamar reel tana ɗauke da mahimman bayanai don gano asali da tabbatarwa:

• CPN:Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki.
• P/N:Lambar Samfurin Masana'anta (misali, 12-21C/T3D-CP1Q2B12Y/2C).
• QTY:Adadin Kunshin.
• CAT:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken (Lambar Rukuni: P1, P2, Q1, Q2).
• HUE:Ma'auni na Chromaticity & Matsayi na Tsawon Zango (Lambar Rukuni: 1, 2, 3, 4).
• REF:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Gaba (Lambar Rukuni: 34 zuwa 40).
• LOT No:Lambar Rukunin Masana'anta don gano asali.

7. Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su Lokacin Ƙira

7.1 Dole Ne a Yi Amfani da Resista Mai Iyakancewar Ƙarfin Lantarki

LED na'urori ne masu amfani da ƙarfin lantarki.Ana buƙatar resista mai iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki na waje.Ƙarfin wutar lantarki gaba yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau da kuma yaduwar samarwa (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin rarrabuwa). Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko raguwa a cikin V_Fsaboda zafin jiki zai iya haifar da babban ƙaruwa, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki gaba idan ba a yi amfani da resista na jerin ba. Za a iya ƙididdige ƙimar resista (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda I_Fshine ƙarfin lantarki na aiki da ake so (misali, 5mA).

7.2 Gudanar da Zafi (Thermal Management)

Duk da cewa rushewar ƙarfi yana da ƙasa (40mW max), daidaitaccen ƙirar zafi akan PCB har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don tsawon rai, musamman a cikin ayyukan yanayin zafi mai girma. Tabbatar cewa farantin tagulla na PCB wanda aka haɗa zuwa hanyar zafi na LED (sau da yawa cathode) yana da girman isa don yin aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi kuma an haɗa shi da manyan jiragen tagulla idan zai yiwu.

7.3 Kariya daga Tashin Lantarki (ESD Protection)

\p

Tare da ƙimar ESD na 150V (HBM), waɗannan na'urori suna da hankali. Aiwatar da matakan sarrafa ESD a duk lokacin sarrafawa, ajiya, da haɗawa. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da tashoshi na aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da kwantena masu ɗaukar lantarki.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da manyan LED na rami, 12-21C yana ba da raguwa mai yawa a girman da nauyi, yana ba da damar ƙirar ƙanana na zamani. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 110, wanda resin rawaya mai yaduwa ya bayar, yana ba da fitar da haske mafi daidaito idan aka kwatanta da kunshin resin mai tsafta tare da ƙananan katako, yana mai da shi mafi kyau don hasken yanki da hasken baya. Cikakken tsarin rarrabuwa don ƙarfi, ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da launi yana ba da matakin daidaito wanda ke da mahimmanci don ayyuka na ƙwararru inda daidaiton gani ke da mahimmanci, yana bambanta shi da LED na kayayyaki waɗanda ba a rarraba su ba ko kuma an rarraba su a sako-sako.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

9.1 Shin Zan iya Kunna wannan LED ba tare da Resista mai iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki ba?

No.An yi gargadi a sarari game da wannan a sashin "Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su Lokacin Amfani". LED yana da matukar hankali ga canje-canjen ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Yin amfani da shi kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ko da wanda aka tsara, yana yiwuwa ya haifar da gazawa nan da nan saboda yawan ƙarfin lantarki.

9.2 Menene Bambancin tsakanin Rukunonin P1, Q2, da sauransu?

Waɗannan rukunoni ne na ƙarfin haske. P1 yana wakiltar rukunin haske mafi ƙanƙanta (45.0-57.0 mcd), kuma Q2 yana wakiltar mafi girma (90.0-112.0 mcd) lokacin da aka gwada a 5mA. Don kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin jeri, duk LED ya kamata su kasance daga rukunin ƙarfi ɗaya.

9.3 Sau nawa zan iya sake yin gama (reflow solder) wannan kayan?

Takardun bayani ya ƙayyade cewa bai kamata a yi gama ta hanyar reflow fiye dasau biyuba. Kowace zagayowar reflow tana sanya kayan cikin damuwa na zafi, kuma wuce zagayowar biyu na iya lalata haɗin waya na ciki ko resin na epoxy.

9.4 Jakar ta bude tsawon mako guda. Shin har yanzu zan iya amfani da LED din?

Yana yiwuwa, amma suna buƙatar gasasshe da farko. Rayuwar bene bayan buɗewa shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi. Idan wannan lokacin ya wuce, dole ne ku aiwatar da tsarin gasasshe (60 ±5°C na awanni 24) don fitar da danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" ko rabuwa yayin gama na gaba.

10. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani a Aiki

Halin: Ƙirar allon maɓalli mai hasken baya.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar LED farare 20 don daidaitaccen hasken baya na gumaka. Za su:

1. Zaɓi Rukuni:Zaɓi duk LED daga rukunin Ƙarfin Hasken ɗaya (misali, Q1) da Rukunin Chromaticity (misali, 2) don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da launi.
2. Ƙididdige Resista:Yin amfani da wadataccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 5V da V_Fna yau da kullun na 3.0V (daga Rukuni 36), manufa I_F= 5mA. R = (5V - 3.0V) / 0.005A = 400Ω. Resista na daidaitacce na 390Ω ko 430Ω zai dace.
3. Shimfidar PCB:Yi amfani da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar daga takardun bayani. Haɗa farantin cathode zuwa ɗan ƙaramin zubar da tagulla don ɗan sanyaya zafi.
4. Haɗawa:Ajiye kayan a cikin jakar da aka rufe har sai an shirya. Yi amfani da ƙayyadadden tsarin reflow maras gubar. Guji gama da hannu idan zai yiwu.
5. Gwaji:Tabbatar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki gaba da fitar da haske na samfurin daga rukunin don tabbatar da cewa ya yi daidai da rukunin da aka zaɓa.

Wannan tsari yana tabbatar da sakamako mai aminci, na matakin ƙwararru.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

LED na 12-21C ya dogara ne akan guntun semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin junction na diode (V_F), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor. Haɗuwarsu yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons, wani tsari da ake kira electroluminescence. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na InGaN yana ƙayyade tsawon zango na hasken da aka fitar, yana samar da bakan "Farin Tsantsa" da aka ƙayyade. Resin rawaya mai yaduwa yana aiki don kare guntun, siffanta fitar da haske zuwa faɗin kusurwar dubawa, kuma yana iya ƙunsar phosphors (ko da yake ba a bayyana shi a sarari ga wannan nau'in "Farin Tsantsa" ba, ya zama ruwan dare ga LED farare su yi amfani da guntun shuɗi tare da phosphor rawaya).

12. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin

12-21C yana misalta mahimman trends a fasahar LED: rage girman girma ba tare da tsayawa ba, ƙara inganci (mafi girman ƙarfin haske daga ƙaramin kunshin), da ingantaccen samarwa ta hanyar kunshin SMD da wadata na kaset da reel. Mayar da hankali kan dacewar muhalli (RoHS, Halogen-Free) yana nuna buƙatun masana'antu da ƙa'idodi. Cikakken tsarin rarrabuwa yana nuna buƙatar kasuwa don tsinkayar, daidaitaccen aiki a cikin kayan lantarki masu yawa. Ci gaba na gaba a cikin wannan rukunin samfurin zai yiwu ya mayar da hankali kan ƙara ƙarfin haske (ƙarin haske a kowace mA), inganta ma'aunin nuna launi (CRI) don LED farare, kuma watakila haɗa da'irar direba ko dice da yawa cikin kunshin iri ɗaya don mafita masu haske masu hankali, masu aiki.