Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED 91-21SURC/S530-A6/TR7 - 2.0x1.25x1.1mm - 2.0V - 60mW - Ja Mai Haske - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha na na'urar da aka haɗa a saman (SMD) LED wanda aka gano ta lambar sashi 91-21SURC/S530-A6/TR7. Wannan ɓangaren LED ne mai launin ja mai haske, wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙanƙanta, amintacce, da haɗawa mai inganci.

Babban fa'idar wannan LED yana cikin ƙaramin kunshinsa na ma'auni na EIA, wanda yake auna kusan 2.0mm x 1.25mm x 1.1mm. Wannan ƙaramin girma yana ba da damar rage girman allon da'ira (PCB) sosai, yana ba da damar haɗaɗɗun abubuwa mafi girma, yana rage sararin ajiya da ake buƙata, kuma a ƙarshe yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ƙananan kayan aikin mai amfani. Ƙarancin nauyinsa ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don aikace-aikacen ƙanana da na hannu. Bugu da ƙari, kunshin ya dace da kayan aikin sarrafa kai da kai, yana tabbatar da daidaiton sanyawa da daidaito a cikin yanayin masana'antu mai yawa.

Samfurin ya bi manyan umarni na muhalli da aminci. An ƙera shi azaman ɓangaren da ba shi da gubar (lead-free). Samfurin da kansa ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun sigar da ta dace da RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari). Hakanan yana bin ƙa'idodin EU REACH kuma ya cika buƙatun da ba su da halogen, tare da abun ciki na Bromine (Br) da Chlorine (Cl) kowanne ƙasa da 900 ppm kuma jimlar su ƙasa da 1500 ppm.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ma'auni yana bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Waɗannan ƙimar ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin karkatar da baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Ci gaba da Ci gaba da Ci gaba (I_F):25 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin DC da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai aminci.
• Kololuwar Ci gaba da Ci gaba (I_FP):60 mA. Ana iya amfani da wannan halin yanzu a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin aiki na 1/10 a 1 kHz.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):60 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya ɓarnawa a yanayin yanayi (T_a) na 25°C. Ƙimar ƙima na iya zama dole a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
• Yanayin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikin wannan kewayon yanayin yanayi.
• Yanayin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsauri (ESD) Samfurin Jikin Mutum (HBM):2000V. Dole ne a bi tsarin gudanar da ESD da ya dace.
• Zafin Solder:Don solder reflow, an ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. Don solder da hannu, zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba na matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowace tasha.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Ana auna halayen lantarki da haske a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na yanayin yanayi na 25°C da ci gaba da halin yanzu na 20 mA, sai dai idan an lura daban. Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana fitowar haske da aikin lantarki.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_v):Matsakaicin ƙimar shine 1232 mcd (millicandela), tare da mafi ƙarancin 802 mcd. Wannan yana nuna fitowa mai haske sosai don girmansa.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 25 (na al'ada). Wannan kusurwar dubawa ce kunkuntar, tana tattara fitowar haske a cikin katako mai jagora.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):632 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon lokacin da rarraba ikon bakan ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):624 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane, yana bayyana launin a matsayin ja mai haske.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na al'ada). Wannan yana auna faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (FWHM).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):.0V (typical), with a range from 1.7V (min) to 2.4V (max) at 20 mA. An external current-limiting resistor is mandatory to prevent thermal runaway, as the LED's V_Fyana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau.
• Ci gaba da Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 µA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V.

2.3 Zaɓin Na'ura da Rarraba

LED yana amfani da kayan AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) don samar da launin ja mai haske. Ruwan tabarau na resin yana da tsabta, wanda ke haɓaka fitowar haske kuma yana kiyaye tsaftar launi. Takardar bayanin tana nuna kasancewar tsarin rarraba don ma'auni masu mahimmanci, ko da yake ba a bayar da cikakkun bayanan lambar kwandon a cikin ɓangaren da aka cire ba. Yawanci, irin waɗannan tsarin sun haɗa da matsayi don:

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (CAT):Yana haɗa LED bisa ga ƙimar hasken da aka auna.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon / Launi (HUE):Yana haɗa LED bisa ga daidaitaccen wurin launinsu.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF):Yana haɗa LED bisa ga V_F characteristics.

Wannan rarraba yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LED tare da daidaitaccen aiki don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaito, kamar tsarin hasken baya ko gungun alamomin matsayi.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da ba a bayyana takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun ba, lanƙwasa halayen lantarki da haske na yau da kullun don irin wannan LED zai haɗa da:

• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Ci gaba da Ci gaba (I_vvs. I_F):Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin yanayin ƙasa da layi a manyan halayen yanzu saboda dumama da raguwar inganci.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ci gaba da Ci gaba (V_Fvs. I_F):Wannan shine lanƙwasa I-V na diode, yana nuna alaƙar ƙima. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Yanayin Yanayi (I_vvs. T_a):Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi, inda fitowar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Fahimtar wannan shine mabuɗin don sarrafa zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko yanayin zafi mai girma.
• Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan:Jadawali da ke nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a cikin tsayin daban-daban, wanda ke kewaye da 632 nm tare da faɗin band ~20 nm.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Tsarin Kunshin

LED yana cikin daidaitaccen kunshin SMD. Manyan ma'auni (na al'ada, a cikin mm, jurewa ±0.1 sai dai idan an lura) sun haɗa da tsawon jiki kusan 2.0 mm, faɗin 1.25 mm, da tsayi na 1.1 mm. Kunshin ya haɗa da tashoshi biyu na anode/cathode don solder. Alamar polarity (mai yuwuwa tsaga ko alama akan kunshin) tana gano cathode. Ya kamata a duba cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya don daidaitaccen tsarin zanen kushin akan PCB don tabbatar da solder da daidaito daidai.

4.2 Kunshin don Jigilar Kaya da Gudanarwa

Ana ba da abubuwan a cikin tsari na tef da reel wanda ya dace da haɗawa ta atomatik. An kunna su akan tef mai faɗin 12 mm wanda aka ɗora akan reel mai diamita 7-inch. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 1000. Don hancin danshi, an rufe reels a cikin jakar kariya ta danshi ta aluminum tare da desiccant. Alamar da ke kan jakar tana ba da mahimman bayanai ciki har da lambar samfur, lambar kuri'a, adadi, da lambobin kwandon da aka ambata (CAT, HUE, REF).

5. Jagororin Solder, Haɗawa, da Gudanarwa

5.1 Ajiya da Hancin Danshi

Wannan LED yana da hancin danshi. Kafin buɗe jakar da aka rufe, ya kamata a adana shi a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 90% RH. Bayan buɗewa, "rayuwar bene" (lokacin da abubuwan za a iya fallasa su ga yanayin masana'antu) shine sa'o'i 72 a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 60% RH. Dole ne a sake rufe sassan da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin jakar kariya ta danshi tare da sabon desiccant. Idan alamar desiccant ta canza launi ko kuma an wuce lokacin fallasa, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60 ± 5°C na awanni 24 kafin solder.

5.2 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

An ƙayyade bayanin solder reflow mara gubar (Pb-free):

• Dumama Kafin:Hawa daga yanayi zuwa 150-200°C a cikin dakika 60-120 (matsakaicin ƙimar hawa 3°C/sec).
• Reflow:Lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (217°C) ya kamata ya zama dakika 60-150. Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin a cikin 5°C na kololuwar ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin dakika 10. Lokacin da ya wuce 255°C bai kamata ya wuce dakika 30 ba.
• Sanyaya:Matsakaicin ƙimar sanyaya na 6°C/sec.

Bai kamata a yi solder reflow fiye da sau biyu akan ɓangare ɗaya ba. Kada a yi amfani da damuwa na injiniya akan LED yayin dumama ko sanyaya.

5.3 Solder da Hannu da Gyara

Idan solder da hannu ba za a iya kaucewa ba, yi amfani da ƙarfen solder tare da zafin ƙarshen ≤ 350°C kuma a yi amfani da zafi ga kowace tasha na ≤ dakika 3. Ƙarfin ƙarfe ya kamata ya zama ≤ 25W. Bar tazarar sanyaya aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin solder kowace tasha. Ana ƙarfafa ƙin gyara. Idan da gaske ya zama dole, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfen solder na musamman mai kai biyu wanda aka ƙera don abubuwan SMD don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci ɗaya kuma a ɗaga ɓangaren ba tare da lalata kushin PCB ko ɓangaren ba. Dole ne a tabbatar da tasirin gyara akan aikin LED.

6. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zuciya na Zane

6.1 Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan babban haske, ƙaramin SMD LED ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri, ciki har da:

• Ƙananan alamomin matsayi a cikin kayan masarufi da masana'antu na cikin gida.
• Hasken baya mai lebur don allunan LCD, maɓallan membrane, da alamomi.
• Alama da hasken baya a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa kai da kai na ofis (firintoci, na'urorin sikan).
• Alamomin na'urorin da ke da wutar lantarki (misali, kayan aikin hannu, na'urorin likita).
• Fitilun nuni a cikin kayan aikin sauti/ bidiyo.
• Hasken baya don allunan motoci (alamomi na biyu) da maɓallan sarrafawa.
• Alamomin kayan aikin sadarwa (wayoyi, na'urorin faks).

6.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zuciya na Zane Masu Muhimmanci

• Iyakancewar Halin Yanzu:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na waje na jerin don saita halin yanzu na gaba. Dole ne a ƙera da'irar tuƙi don hana kololuwar halin yanzu ko wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ma'auni.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake ɓarnawar wutar lantarki ƙanƙanta ce, tabbatar da kyakkyawar hanyar zafi ta hanyar kushin PCB yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙarfin haske da amincin dogon lokaci, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma ko lokacin da aka tuƙa kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu.
• Kariyar ESD:Aiwatar da kariyar ESD da ta dace akan layukan shigarwa kuma ku bi tsarin gudanarwa da ya dace yayin haɗawa.
• Zane na Gani:Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 25 tana ba da katako mai jagora. Don haske mai faɗi, ƙila a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (masu watsawa, jagororin haske).

7. Amincewa da Tabbatar da Inganci

Samfurin yana ƙarƙashin cikakken jerin gwaje-gwajen amincin da aka gudanar tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD) na 10%. Manyan abubuwan gwaji sun haɗa da:

• Juriya na Solder Reflow (260°C/10s).
• Girgizar Zafi (-10°C zuwa +100°C).
• Kewayawar Zafin Jiki (-40°C zuwa +100°C).
• Ajiyar Zafi Mai Zafi/Zafi Mai Zafi (85°C/85% RH, awa 1000 tare da son zuciya).
• Ajiyar Zafi Mai Zafi da Ƙananan Zafi.
• Gwajin Rayuwar Aikin DC (awa 1000 a 20 mA).

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna tabbatar da ƙarfin LED a ƙarƙashin damuwa daban-daban na muhalli da aiki, suna tabbatar da cewa ya dace da ma'auni na masana'antu don inganci da ɗorewa a cikin samfuran ƙarshe.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohin LED ta hanyar rami, wannan SMD LED yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci: ƙaramin girma sosai, dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik mai sauri, da ingantaccen aikin zafi saboda sanyawa kai tsaye akan PCB. A cikin nau'in SMD LED, manyan bambance-bambancensa su ne haɗin kai na musamman na babban ƙarfin haske (1232 mcd typ) daga ƙaramin kunshin 2.0mm, daidaitaccen launin ja mai haske daga fasahar AlGaInP, da cikakken bin ka'idojin muhalli (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free). Ƙuntataccen kusurwar dubawa ya sa ya fi dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar katako mai jagora maimakon fitarwa ta kowane fanni.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

9.1 Wane ƙimar resistor ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi don tuka wannan LED a 20 mA daga wutar lantarki 5V?

Yin amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Tare da V na al'ada_Fna 2.0V, R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 150 Ω. Don lissafin matsakaicin V_F(2.4V) kuma tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce 25 mA ba, lissafa mafi munin yanayi: R_min= (5V - 1.7V) / 0.025A = 132 Ω. Daidaitaccen resistor 150 Ω shine kyakkyawan farawa, yana ba da kusan 20 mA tare da LED na al'ada. Koyaushe tabbatar da ainihin halin yanzu a cikin da'irar.

9.2 Shin zan iya amfani da PWM (Canjin Faɗin bugun jini) don dusar wannan LED?

Ee, PWM hanya ce mai inganci don dusar LED. Ci gaba da halin yanzu yayin bugun jini na "kunna" bai kamata ya wuce ƙimar kololuwar ci gaba da halin yanzu (60 mA a 1/10 aikin aiki, 1 kHz) ba. Don dushewa, tabbatar da cewa mitar PWM ya isa (yawanci >100 Hz) don guje wa flicker da ake iya gani.

9.3 Me ya sa tsarin ajiya da gudanarwa yana da tsauri haka?

Kunshin resin na filastik na iya ɗaukar danshi daga iska. Yayin tsarin solder reflow mai zafi, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya faɗaɗa da sauri, yana haifar da rabuwa na ciki ko "popcorning," wanda ke fashe kunshin kuma ya lalata LED. Matakin mai hancin danshi (MSL) da hanyoyin gasa suna hana wannan yanayin gazawa.

10. Ka'idar Aiki da Fasaha

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan fasahar semiconductor na AlGaInP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce yuwuwar haɗin gwiwar diode, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. A cikin kayan AlGaInP, wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi da farko a cikin nau'in photons a cikin yankin ja zuwa amber na bakan gani. Takamaiman haɗin gawa na Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, da Phosphorus yana ƙayyade ainihin ƙarfin bandgap kuma ta haka ne matsakaicin tsawon tsawon hasken da aka fitar, wanda shine ja mai haske a wannan yanayin. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe guntu, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana siffata katako mai fitar da haske.