Takardun Bayani na SMD LED 19-213/R6C-AQ1R2B/3T - Girman 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 1.75-2.35V - Ja Mai Haske - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

19-213 wani SMD LED ne wanda aka ƙera don haɗaɗɗun na'urorin lantarki masu yawa. Yana amfani da fasahar guntu na AlGaInP don fitar da haske mai launin ja mai haske. Ƙananan girmansa yana ba da damar rage girman allon da'ira (PCB) da kuma gabaɗayan girman kayan aiki, wanda ya sa ya dace sosai da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Samfurin ba shi da gubar, ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, kuma ya bi ka'idojin EU REACH da na rashin halogen, wanda ke tabbatar da amincin muhalli da karbuwar doka.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED ya samo asali ne daga ƙaramin fakitin SMD dinsa. Yana ba da dacewa mai kyau tare da layukan haɗawa ta atomatik (pick-and-place), wanda ke sauƙaƙa samarwa mai yawa. An cancanta fakitin don daidaitattun hanyoyin solder na reflow na infrared da na tururi. Ƙirarsa mai sauƙi tana rage matsin injiniya akan PCBs kuma ya dace daidai da ƙananan na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukuwa.

1.2 Kasuwa da Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

Ana nufin wannan LED ga sassan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sarrafa masana'antu, da sadarwa. Ayyukan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da hasken baya na allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, da madannai. Ana amfani dashi akai-akai azaman alamomin halin aiki a cikin wayoyi, na'urorin faks, da kuma nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, yana aiki azaman tushen hasken baya mai lebur don na'urorin nuni na ruwa (LCDs) da kuma hasken nuni na gabaɗaya.

2. Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, mai ma'ana game da mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardun bayani.

2.1 Madaidaicin Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya

Madaidaicin ma'auni na gabaɗaya suna ayyana iyakokin matsin lamba wanda bayan su lalacewa ta dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ba yanayi ba ne don aiki na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (VR):5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin bias na baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa (junction breakdown).
• Matsakaicin Gudanar da Lantarki na Gaba (IF):25mA. Matsakaicin gudanar da lantarki na DC don dogon lokaci mai aminci.
• Kololuwar Gudanar da Lantarki na Gaba (IFP):60mA a cikin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 da 1kHz. Wannan ma'auni ne don aikin bugun jini (pulsed operation), ba amfani ci gaba ba.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):60mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Ana buƙatar rage daraja a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
• Fitowar Lantarki ta Electrostatic (ESD):2000V (Tsarin Jikin Mutum). Dole ne a bi daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki), -40°C zuwa +90°C (ajiye).
• Zafin Solder:Yana jure solder na reflow tare da kololuwar zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10, ko solder da hannu a 350°C na dakika 3 a kowace tashar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a gudanar da lantarki na gaba (IF) na 20mA da kuma zafin yanayi na 25°C, wanda ke wakiltar yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Haske (Iv):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 72.0 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 180.0 mcd. Ba a ƙayyade ƙimar ta yau da kullun ba, wanda ke nuna ana sarrafa aikin ta hanyar tsarin rarrabawa (binning).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Kimanin digiri 120. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar gani daga mahanga daban-daban.
• Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma (λp):Yawanci 632 nm, yana sanya fitarwa a cikin sashin ja mai haske na bakan.
• Tsawon Zango na Firamare (λd):An ƙayyade shi tsakanin 617.5 nm da 633.5 nm, tare da ƙaramin rangwame na ±1nm bisa ga bayanin. Wannan yana ayyana launin da ake gani.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):Yawanci 20 nm, yana nuna tsaftar bakan na fitaccen hasken ja.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ya bambanta daga 1.75V zuwa 2.35V a 20mA, tare da rangwame na ±0.1V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don lissafin resistor mai iyakancewa.
• Gudanar da Lantarki na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 µA a VR=5V. Takardun bayani a sarari ya bayyana cewa ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki na baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon rufi bisa ga mahimman ma'auni.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Intensity)

Ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon rufi huɗu (Q1, Q2, R1, R2) bisa ga ƙarfin haske da aka auna a 20mA. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin haske wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacensu, daga daidaitaccen haske (Q1: 72-90 mcd) zuwa babban haske (R2: 140-180 mcd).

3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango na Firamare (Dominant Wavelength)

Tsawon zango na firamare, wanda ke ayyana daidaitaccen inuwar ja, ana rarraba shi zuwa lambobi huɗu (E4, E5, E6, E7). Wannan rarrabawar, tare da kewayon daga 617.5 nm zuwa 633.5 nm, yana ba da damar daidaita launi daidai tsakanin LEDs da yawa a cikin jeri ko nuni.

3.3 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba zuwa kwandon rufi uku (0, 1, 2), wanda ya ƙunshi kewayon daga 1.75V zuwa 2.35V. Sanin kwandon rufi na VF zai iya taimakawa wajen inganta ƙirar da'irar iyakancewa don inganci da sarrafa zafi.

4. Bincike na Lissafin Aiki (Performance Curve)

Yayin da PDF ya ambaci lissafin halayen lantarki da na gani na yau da kullun, ba a bayar da takamaiman jadawali na IV (Gudanar da Lantarki-Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki), dogaro da zafi na ƙarfin haske, da rarraba bakan a cikin rubutun da aka ciro ba. A cikin cikakken bincike, waɗannan lissafin za su kasance masu mahimmanci. Lissafin IV zai nuna alaƙar ƙima tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da gudanar da lantarki. Lissafin halayen zafi zai nuna raguwar ƙarfin haske yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Jadawalin rarraba bakan zai nuna faɗin bakan na 20nm a kusa da kololuwar 632nm, yana tabbatar da tsaftar launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

LED yana da ƙaramin ƙafa. Girman fakitin shine 2.0mm a tsayi, 1.25mm a faɗi, da 0.8mm a tsayi (daidai da girman SMD 0805). Yawanci ana gano cathode ta hanyar alama ko kusurwar da aka yanka a kan fakitin. Zanen girma yana ba da madaidaicin ma'auni don ƙirar tsarin ƙasa, tare da daidaitattun rangwamen ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.

5.2 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity) da Ƙirar Wurin Solder

Daidaitaccen ƙarshen lantarki yana da mahimmanci don aiki. Zanen fakitin na takardun bayani yana nuna tashoshin anode da cathode. Shirin wurin solder da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder daidai yayin reflow kuma yana ba da isasshen ƙarfin injiniya. Dole ne masu ƙira su bi waɗannan jagororin don hana tsaffin kabari ko rashin kyakkyawar haɗin lantarki.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Tsarin Solder na Reflow

Abun yana dacewa da solder na reflow mara gubar. Tsarin zafin jiki da aka ba da shawarar ya haɗa da: matakin pre-heating tsakanin 150-200°C na dakika 60-120; lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (217°C) na dakika 60-150; kololuwar zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, an riƙe shi har zuwa dakika 10; da kuma sarrafa yawan dumama da sanyaya (matsakaicin 6°C/sec da 3°C/sec, bi da bi). Kada a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu.

6.2 Matakan Kariya na Solder da Hannu

Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan sosai. Zafin ƙarshen guntun ƙarfe na solder ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowace tasha bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (ƙasa da 25W). Ya kamata a kiyaye tazarar sanyaya aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin solder kowace tasha don hana girgizar zafi.

6.3 Ajiya da Kula da Danshi

Ana tattara LEDs a cikin jakar kariya daga danshi tare da desiccant. Kada a buɗe jakar har sai an shirya abubuwan don amfani. Bayan buɗewa, LEDs da ba a yi amfani da su ba ya kamata a adana su a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 60% Danshin Yanayi. "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗe jakar shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Idan wannan lokacin ya wuce ko desiccant ya nuna shigar danshi, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60 ± 5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Ana samar da LEDs akan kaset ɗin ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin milimita 8, wanda aka naɗe akan reels masu diamita inci 7. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 3000. An ba da girman reel da kaset don saitin mai ciyarwa ta atomatik.

7.2 Bayanin Alama da Lambar Samfurin

Alamar reel tana ƙunshe da mahimman bayanai don gano asali da kuma daidaitaccen aikace-aikace: Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfurin (P/N), Yawan Tattarawa (QTY), da takamaiman lambobin kwandon rufi don Matsayin Ƙarfin Haske (CAT), Matsayin Tsawon Zango na Firamare (HUE), da Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (REF). Cikakken lambar sashi 19-213/R6C-AQ1R2B/3T yana ɓoye tushen samfurin da zaɓin kwandon rufi na musamman.

8. Abubuwan Da Ya Kamata A Yi La'akari Da Su Lokacin Ƙira

8.1 Iyakancewar Gudanar da Lantarki (Current Limiting) da Kariya

Ka'idar ƙira ta asali ita ce tilas amfani da resistor na jerin mai iyakancewa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana da kewayon (1.75-2.35V), kuma halayen V-I yana da ƙima. Ƙananan ƙari a cikin wutar lantarki mai wadata zai iya haifar da babban ƙari, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin gudanar da lantarki na gaba. Dole ne a lissafa ƙimar resistor bisa ga matsakaicin wutar lantarki mai wadata da kuma mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba daga kwandon rufi don tabbatar da cewa gudanar da lantarki bai taɓa wuce matsakaicin ma'auni na gabaɗaya na 25mA ba a kowane yanayi.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi (Thermal Management)

Ko da yake ƙaramin na'ura ne, dole ne a yi la'akari da rushewar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 60mW), musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma ko wuraren da aka rufe. Tsarin PCB ya kamata ya ba da isasshen yanki na tagulla a kusa da wuraren solder don yin aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi, yana taimakawa wajen fitar da zafi daga haɗin gwiwar LED da kuma kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai.

8.3 Hani na Aikace-aikace

Takardun bayani ya haɗa da muhimmin bayani game da hani na aikace-aikace. Wannan samfurin, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade, bazai dace da aikace-aikacen babban aminci ba tare da rangwamen gazawa ba, kamar tsarin soja/jirgin sama, tsarin masu mahimmanci na aminci na mota (misali, jakunkunan iska, birki), ko kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na tallafin rai. Don irin waɗannan amfanin, ana buƙatar samfuran tare da cancanta da gwaji daban-daban.

9. Kwatance da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin LED na hanyar rami na al'ada, wannan nau'in SMD yana ba da raguwa mai yawa a cikin girma da nauyi, yana ba da damar ƙananan na'urorin lantarki na zamani. A cikin nau'in LED ja na SMD, mahimman bambance-bambancensa sune takamaiman launin ja mai haske (guntu na AlGaInP), faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120, da kuma ƙayyadaddun tsarin rarrabawa don daidaiton haske da launi. Cikakkun jagororin sarrafawa da solder kuma suna ba masu ƙira cikakkun umarnin aiwatarwa, suna rage haɗari a cikin tsarin haɗawa.

10. Tambayoyin Da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

10.1 Ta yaya zan lissafa resistor na jerin?

Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply - VF_LED) / I_desired. Yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin VF daga takardun bayani ko takamaiman kwandon rufin ku (misali, 1.75V daga Kwandon rufi 0) da kuma gudanar da lantarki da kuke so (misali, 20mA). Don wutar lantarki mai wadata 5V: R = (5V - 1.75V) / 0.020A = 162.5Ω. Zaɓi mafi girman ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima na gaba (misali, 180Ω) kuma ku lissafa ainihin gudanar da lantarki don tabbatar da cewa yana ƙasa da 25mA.

10.2 Shin zan iya amfani da wannan don hasken cikin mota?

Don hasken ciki mara mahimmanci kamar hasken baya na dashboard ko hasken maɓalli, yana iya dacewa. Duk da haka, don hasken waje ko alamomin masu mahimmanci na aminci, bayanin hani na aikace-aikace yana ba da shawarar tuntubar mai kera don samfurin da ya cancanta don amfani da mota.

10.3 Me ya sa yanayin ajiya bayan bude jakar ya zama muhimmi sosai?

Fakitin SMD na iya ɗaukar danshi daga yanayi. A lokacin babban tsarin solder na reflow mai zafi, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya faɗaɗa cikin sauri, yana haifar da rabuwa na ciki ko "popcorning," wanda ke fashe fakitin kuma ya lalata na'urar. Rayuwar bene na kwanaki 7 da umarnin gasa suna da mahimmanci don hana wannan yanayin gazawa.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani A Aikace

Misali: Ƙirar Allon Nuna Halin Aiki:Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar allon sarrafawa tare da alamomin halin aiki na ja da yawa. Don tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya, suna ƙayyade LEDs daga kwandon rufi ɗaya na Tsawon Zango na Firamare (misali, duk E6: 625.5-629.5nm). Don tabbatar da isasshen haske a ƙarƙashin hasken yanayi mai girma, suna zaɓar kwandon rufi na Ƙarfin Haske R1 (112-140 mcd). Suna ƙirar PCB tare da layin dogo na 5V, suna lissafin resistor mai iyakancewa ta amfani da matsakaicin VF don kwandon rufinsu don tabbatar da cewa an cika mafi ƙarancin haske, kuma suna ba da yalwar zubar da tagulla don watsar da zafi. Suna umurcin masana'antu da su bi tsarin reflow daidai kuma su gasa abubuwan idan an buɗe jakar kariya daga danshi fiye da kwanaki 7 kafin haɗawa.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan guntu na semiconductor na Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙofar haɗin gwiwa, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin AlGaInP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsawon zango na fitaccen haske—a wannan yanayin, ja mai haske a kusan 632 nm. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy yana da tsabta don haɓaka fitar da haske da kuma siffanta kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin alamomin LED yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace raka'a na wutar lantarki), ƙananan girman fakitin don ƙara yawa, da ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin rarrabawa. Har ila yau, ana ƙara mai da hankali kan aminci da cancanta ga mawuyacin yanayi, gami da juriya mai zafi mafi girma da juriya ga zagayowar zafi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗin kai tare da masu tuƙi masu hankali don dushewa da sarrafa launi yana zama mafi girma a cikin aikace-aikace masu ci gaba fiye da alamomi masu sauƙi.