SMD LED 19-21/G PC-FL1M2B/3T Datasheet - Pure Green - 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - 2.35V Max - 60mW - English Technical Document

1. Bayanin Samfur

The 19-21/G PC-FL1M2B/3T is a surface-mount device (SMD) light-emitting diode (LED) designed for modern electronic applications requiring compact, efficient, and reliable indicator or backlighting solutions. This component represents a significant advancement over traditional lead-frame type LEDs, enabling substantial reductions in board space, increased packing density, and ultimately contributing to the miniaturization of end-user equipment. Its lightweight construction further enhances its suitability for applications where size and weight are critical constraints.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Tsakiya

Manyan fa'idodin wannan SMD LED sun samo asali ne daga ƙirar fakitinsa da kuma bin ka'idojin kayan aiki:

• Ƙaramin Fakiti: Ana bayarwa akan tef mai 8mm da aka nannade akan reel mai diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace sosai da manyan na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik masu ɗauka da sanyawa, ta haka yana sauƙaƙe tsarin masana'antu.
• Ƙarfin Dacewar Tsari: An ƙera shi don jurewa daidaitattun hanyoyin gyarawa na infrared (IR) da tururi, yana tabbatar da amintaccen haɗawa zuwa allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs).
• Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli da Dokoki: The device is manufactured as a Pb-free (lead-free) component. It complies with the EU's RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) directive, REACH regulations, and meets halogen-free standards (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).
• Mono-Color Type: Emits a single, pure green color, providing consistent chromaticity for indicator purposes.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

This LED is engineered for a diverse range of applications, including:

• Automotive Interior: Backlighting for instrument clusters, dashboard indicators, and switch panels.
• Telecommunications: Alamomin Matsayi da hasken baya na maɓallan lambobi a cikin wayoyi, na'urorin faks, da sauran na'urorin sadarwa.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani: Hasken baya mai lebur don nunin ruwa mai ruwa (LCDs), hasken maɓalli, da alamomin alama.
• Nuni na Gabaɗaya: Duk aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙaramin, mai haske, kuma amintaccen tushen haske kore.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha: Bincike Mai zurfi

Ayyuka da amincin LED an ayyana su ta hanyar cikakkun ƙididdiga mafi girma da halayen lantarki da na gani. Yin amfani da na'urar fiye da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ko rage aikin ta.

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Cikakke

Wadannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin matsin da bai kamata a wuce ba, ko da na ɗan lokaci, a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi na aiki. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

• Reverse Voltage (VR): 5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin wutar baya wanda ya fi wannan na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwar nan take.
• Continuous Forward Current (IF): 25 mA. Matsakaicin igiyar DC da za a iya wucewa ta cikin LED a ci gaba.
• Peak Forward Current (IFP): 60 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba mai bugun jini, wanda aka yarda kawai a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 a 1 kHz. Ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne.
• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd): 60 mW. Matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya tarwatsewa azaman zafi, wanda aka lissafta azaman Ƙarfin Gaba (VF) × Ƙarfin Gaba (IF).
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki ta Electrostatic (ESD) Samfurin Jikin Mutum (HBM): 2000 V. Wannan ƙimar tana nuna hankalin LED ga wutar lantarki ta tsaye. Hanyoyin sarrafa ESD da suka dace wajibi ne yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa.
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (Topr): -40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin yanayi wanda aka tabbatar LED zai yi aiki a kai.
• Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (Tstg): -40°C to +90°C. The temperature range for storing the device when not powered.
• Soldering Temperature (Tsol):
  • Reflow Soldering: Peak temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 10 seconds.
  • Hand Soldering: Iron tip temperature not exceeding 350°C for a maximum of 3 seconds per terminal.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters define the light output and electrical behavior of the LED under normal operating conditions (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA unless otherwise stated). The "Typ." column represents typical or average values, while "Min." and "Max." define the guaranteed limits.

• Luminous Intensity (Iv): 11.5 mcd (Min) zuwa 28.5 mcd (Max). Wannan shi ne hasken da ake gani na LED kamar yadda aka auna a cikin millicandelas. Ainihin ƙimar takamaiman naúrar ya dogara da lambar bin ɗinta (duba Sashe na 3).
• Viewing Angle (2θ1/2): Digiri 100 (Na al'ada). Wannan shi ne cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na ƙarfin a digiri 0 (a kan-axis). Kusurwar digiri 100 tana ba da madaidaicin kusurwar kallo.
• Peak Wavelength (λp): 561 nm (Na al'ada). Tsawon zango wanda rarraba ƙarfin haske na fitowar haske ya kasance a mafi girman sa.
• Dominant Wavelength (λd): 557.5 nm (Min) zuwa 565.5 nm (Max). Wannan shi ne tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gani wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken LED. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi.
• Spectral Radiation Bandwidth (Δλ): 20 nm (Typical). The width of the emitted spectrum at half of the peak intensity (Full Width at Half Maximum - FWHM). A narrower bandwidth indicates a more spectrally pure color.
• Forward Voltage (VF): 1.75 V (Min) to 2.35 V (Max) at IF=20mA. The voltage drop across the LED when it is conducting current. This parameter is crucial for designing the current-limiting circuit.
• Reverse Current (IR): 10 μA (Max) at VR=5V. A small leakage current that flows when the LED is reverse-biased. The datasheet explicitly notes that the device is not designed for reverse operation; this test condition is for characterization only.

Important Notes on Tolerances: The datasheet specifies manufacturing tolerances for key parameters: Luminous Intensity (±11%), Dominant Wavelength (±1nm), and Forward Voltage (±0.1V). These tolerances apply to the values within each bin (see next section).

3. Binning System Explanation

Don yin samar da kayayyaki masu yawa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa "kwantena" bisa ga aikin da aka auna. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar kayan aiki tare da ingantaccen sarrafa halaye don bukatun aikace-aikacensu na musamman.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

Ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwantena huɗu na ƙarfi (L1, L2, M1, M2) bisa ga Iv da aka auna a 20mA. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman matakan haske.

• Kwanten L1: 11.5 – 14.5 mcd
• Kwanten L2: 14.5 – 18.0 mcd
• Bin M1: 18.0 – 22.5 mcd
• Bin M2: 22.5 – 28.5 mcd

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

Launin kore (launi) na haske kore ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar rarraba shi zuwa kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda huɗu (C10 zuwa C13). Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da daidaiton launi a cikin alamomi da yawa yake da mahimmanci.

• Bin C10: 557.5 – 559.5 nm
• Bin C11: 559.5 – 561.5 nm
• Bin C12: 561.5 – 563.5 nm
• Bin C13: 563.5 – 565.5 nm

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

LEDs are also binned by their forward voltage drop at 20mA. This helps in designing power supplies and current-limiting circuits, especially when driving multiple LEDs in series.

• Bin 0: 1.75 – 1.95 V
• Bin 1: 1.95 – 2.15 V
• Bin 2: 2.15 – 2.35 V

The combination of these three bin codes (e.g., M2, C11, 1) uniquely defines the performance characteristics of a specific batch of LEDs.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet provides several characteristic curves that illustrate the LED's behavior under varying conditions. Understanding these curves is essential for robust circuit design.

4.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This curve shows the exponential relationship between the current flowing through the LED and the voltage across it. The forward voltage (VF) increases with current. The curve is crucial for selecting an appropriate current-limiting resistor or designing a constant-current driver. The typical VF at 20mA is around 2.0V, but it can vary between 1.75V and 2.35V as per the binning.

4.2 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

Wannan jadawali yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin kunnawa. Yawanci alaƙa ce ta ƙasa da layi; ninka ƙarfin ba zai ninka fitowar haske ba. Yin aiki a ko ƙasa da shawarar 20mA yana tabbatar da ingantacciyar inganci da tsawon rai.

4.3 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

Fitowar hasken LED ta dogara da zafin jiki. Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi (Ta) ya tashi. Misali, a matsakaicin zafin aiki na +85°C, fitowar haske na iya zama ƙasa da na 25°C sosai. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin ƙira waɗanda ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.

4.4 Forward Current Derating Curve

Wannan ɗaya ce daga cikin mahimman lanƙwasa don amincin aiki. Tana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba mai izini a matsayin aikin zafin yanayi. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, matsakaicin ƙarfin amintacce yana raguwa don hana yin zafi da haɓakar lalacewa. A 85°C, matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka yarda ya yi ƙasa da 25mA da aka ƙidaya a 25°C.

4.5 Spectrum Distribution

The spectral graph plots the relative intensity of light emitted across different wavelengths. For this Pure Green AlGaInP LED, it shows a single, dominant peak centered around 561 nm with a typical FWHM of 20 nm, confirming its monochromatic green output.

4.6 Radiation Diagram (Spatial Distribution)

This polar plot illustrates how light is emitted spatially from the LED. The 100-degree viewing angle is confirmed here, showing the angle at which intensity falls to 50% of the on-axis value. The pattern appears roughly Lambertian (cosine distribution), which is common for SMD LEDs with a diffused lens.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Package Dimensions and Outline

The 19-21 SMD LED has a very compact footprint. Key dimensions (in mm, tolerance ±0.1mm unless noted) include a body size of approximately 2.0mm in length and 1.25mm in width, with a typical height of 0.8mm. The detailed drawing specifies pad spacing (1.4mm typical), land pattern recommendations, and overall package contours to guide PCB layout design.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Orientation daidai yana da muhimmanci. Cathode (tashar mara kyau) an yiwa alama a sarari. A saman fakitin, akwai wata alama ta musamman ta cathode (yawanci kore mai kore, tsaga, ko kusurwa mai karkata). Metallization na gefen ƙasa kuma na iya bambanta tsakanin filayen anode da cathode. Koyaushe koma zuwa zanen datasheet yayin ƙira da haɗin PCB.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

Bin waɗannan jagororin yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin haɗin gwiwar solder da hana lalata LED.

6.1 Bayanin Solder Reflow (Ba tare da Pb ba)

An ba da shawarar yanayin zafi don solder reflow mara gubar:

• Pre-heating: Ramp from ambient to 150-200°C over 60-120 seconds to evenly heat the board and activate flux.
• Soak/Reflow: Time above liquidus (217°C) should be 60-150 seconds. The peak temperature must not exceed 260°C, and the time above 255°C must be limited to 30 seconds maximum.
• Cooling: Maximum cooling rate should be 6°C/second.

A maximum of two reflow cycles is permitted.

6.2 Kula da Solder da Hannu

If hand soldering is necessary, extreme care is required:

• Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe tare da zazzabi mai ƙarfi ≤ 350°C.
• Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar zuwa ≤ dakika 3 a kowace tasha.
• Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki ≤ 25W.
• Ƙyale tazarar sanyi aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin yin gyaɗa a kowace tasha.
• Guji yin matsi na injiniya ga jikin LED yayin ko bayan gyaɗa.

6.3 Gyara da Gyara

Ba a baƙin ciki sosai bayan yin gyarawa bayan yin gyarawa. Idan babu makawa, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarfe na musamman mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, don ba da damar cirewa cikin aminci. Yuwuwar lalacewa ta zafi yayin sake aiki yana da yawa, kuma ya kamata a tabbatar da halayen LED bayan gyarawa.

7. Ajiya da Hancin Danshi

An tattara wannan LED a cikin jakar kariya daga danshi tare da busasshiyar iska don hana shan danshi na yanayi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" (fashewar fakitin) yayin sake kwarara.

• Kafin Amfani: Kada a buɗe jakar kariya daga danshi har sai an shirya don haɗawa.
• Bayan Buɗewa: Yi amfani da LEDs a cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) na buɗewa. Ajiye buɗaɗɗen fakiti a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 60% Danshi na Dangi.
• Rebaking: If the storage time is exceeded or the desiccant indicator shows saturation, a bake at 60 ±5°C for 24 hours is required before reflow.

8. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

The LEDs are supplied in embossed carrier tape with a width of 8mm. Each reel has a 7-inch diameter and contains 3000 pieces. Detailed drawings for the carrier tape pocket dimensions and reel hub/flange dimensions are provided to ensure compatibility with automated assembly equipment.

8.2 Bayanin Label

The reel label contains critical information for traceability and correct application:

• P/N: Product Number (e.g., 19-21/G PC-FL1M2B/3T).
• QTY: Packing Quantity (3000 pcs/reel).
• CAT (or Iv Rank): Luminous Intensity Bin Code (e.g., M1).
• HUE: Dominant Wavelength/Chromaticity Bin Code (e.g., C11).
• REF (or VF Rank): Forward Voltage Bin Code (e.g., 1).
• LOT No: Manufacturing Lot Number for traceability.

9. Tunani na Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

9.1 Current Limiting is Mandatory

The datasheet explicitly warns: "Customer must apply resistors for protection." LEDs are current-driven devices. A small increase in forward voltage can cause a large, potentially destructive increase in current. An external current-limiting resistor or a constant-current driver circuit is absolutely essential. The resistor value can be calculated using Ohm's Law: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, where VF is the typical or maximum value from the appropriate bin.

9.2 Thermal Management

Ko da ƙaramin fakitin yake, ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 60mW) tana haifar da zafi. Don aiki mai dogaro na dogon lokaci, musamman a yanayin zafi mai girma ko igiyoyin tuƙi:

• Bi lankwasa rage ƙarfin halin yanzu.
• Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla akan PCB da ke haɗe da kushin LED don yin aiki azaman ma'aunin zafi.
• Guji sanya LED kusa da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi.

9.3 Optical Considerations

Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 100 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar ganin mai nuni daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Don ƙarin haske da aka jagoranta, ruwan tabarau na waje ko jagororin haske na iya zama dole. Resin mai tsabta na ruwa yana ba da bayyananne, bayyanar da ba a cika ba.

10. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 19-21/G LED, based on AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) technology, offers specific advantages for pure green emission:

• vs. Traditional Green LEDs: AlGaInP technology typically offers higher efficiency and better color purity (narrower spectrum) for green and yellow colors compared to older technologies.
• vs. Larger SMD Packages: The 19-21 footprint is among the smaller standard SMD LED packages, enabling higher density layouts compared to 0603 or 0805 sized LEDs.
• vs. Non-Compliant Components: Cikakkiyar binnewarsa ga RoHS, REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen ya zama babban abin bambanta a kasuwannin da ke da tsauraran ka'idojin muhalli, yana tabbatar da sauƙin haɗawa cikin samfura don siyarwa a duniya.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

11.1 Wane resistor nake buƙata don wadata 5V?

Yin amfani da matsakaicin VF na 2.35V (Bin 2) da manufar IF na 20mA don aminci: R = (5V - 2.35V) / 0.020A = 132.5 Ohms. Matsakaicin ƙimar da'ira mafi kusa shine 130 Ohms ko 150 Ohms. Yin amfani da 150 Ohms yana ba da IF ≈ 17.7mA, wanda yake da aminci kuma zai ba da ɗan tsawon rayuwa. Koyaushe a lissafta bisa takamaiman ƙarfin wadatarwar ku da zaɓaɓɓen kuzari.

11.2 Zan iya sarrafa shi da 3.3V?

Ee, wadatarwar 3.3V ta dace. Lissafin resistor zai kasance: R = (3.3V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. Resistor na 68 Ohm zai zama zaɓi mai kyau. Tabbatar cewa wadatarwar na iya ba da kuzarin da ake buƙata.

11.3 Me ya sa fitowar haske ta yi ƙasa a yanayin zafi mai girma?

Wannan wata halayya ce ta asali na LEDs na semiconductor. Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, ingancin quantum na ciki na haɗin haske yana raguwa, kuma haɗuwar da ba ta da radiyo tana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin fitar da haske don irin wannan yanayin tuƙi. Lanƙwan da aka rage yana rama wannan ta hanyar rage ƙarfin halin da ake buƙata don sarrafa zafin haɗin gwiwa.

11.4 Menene ma'anar "Pb-free" da "Halogen-Free" ga ƙirar na?

Pb-free yana nufin cewa solder plating akan jagororin kayan aiki da kuma solder na ciki da ake amfani da su wajen ƙira ba su ƙunshi gubar ba, suna daidaitawa da ƙa'idodin muhalli na duniya. Halogen-free yana nufin cewa filastik molding filastik ba ya ƙunshi brominated ko chlorinated flame retardants sama da ƙayyadaddun iyaka, yana rage fitar da hayaki mai guba idan na'urar ta fuskanci zafi mai tsanani ko wuta.

12. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira: Hasken Baya na Maɓalli na Dashboard

Labari: Ƙirar hasken baya don maɓallin dashboard na mota wanda dole ne a iya gani a cikin hasken rana da duhu, a cikin kewayon zafin aiki na -30°C zuwa +85°C. Zabi'un Zabi

1. Zabin LED Zabi kwandon da ke da ƙarfi mai haske (misali, M2) don tabbatar da isasshen haske. Zaɓi ƙaramin kwandon tsawon raƙuman ruwa (misali, C11) don daidaiton launi a duk faifan sauyawa.
2. Da'irar Tuƙi Yi amfani da IC direba mai ci gaba da yanayi da aka ƙera don yanayin mota maimakon madaidaicin resistor. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske ba tare da la'akari da sauye-sauyen ƙarfin baturi (misali, daga 9V zuwa 16V) ba. Saita halin yanzu zuwa 15-18mA don haɓaka tsawon rai da kuma la'akari da babban yanayin yanayi.
3. Tsarin PCB Samar da yalwar ɗigon tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa fakitin zafi na LED (anode da cathode) don watsa zafi zuwa cikin PCB. Yi amfani da thermal vias idan allon yana da nau'i-nau'i.
4. Ƙirar Gani The 100-degree viewing angle is sufficient for most switch designs. A light pipe or diffuser may be used to evenly spread the light under the switch icon.
5. Storage & Assembly: Follow the moisture sensitivity guidelines strictly, as automotive PCB assemblies often undergo multiple reflow cycles.

This approach ensures a reliable, bright, and consistent indicator that meets automotive-grade requirements.

13. Ƙa'idar Aiki

This LED operates on the principle of electroluminescence in a semiconductor p-n junction. The chip material is AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide). When a forward voltage exceeding the junction's built-in potential is applied, electrons from the n-type region and holes from the p-type region are injected into the active region. There, they recombine radiatively, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly defines the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, pure green around 561 nm. The water-clear epoxy resin encapsulant protects the chip, acts as a lens to shape the light output, and may include phosphors or diffusers (though for a mono-color type, it is typically clear).

LED Specification Terminology

Complete explanation of LED technical terms