Takardun Bayani na SMD LED 23-21C/T1D-CP2Q2TY/2A - Girman Kunshin - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.6-3.0V - Ƙarfin Haske 57-112mcd - Fari Tsantsa - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

23-21C/T1D-CP2Q2TY/2A wata LED ce ta Surface-Mount Device (SMD) wacce aka tsara don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar mafita masu ƙarancin girma, masu inganci, da amintaccen haske. Wannan kayan aiki yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan LED na gargajiya na nau'in lead-frame, yana ba da damar rage girman allo da kuma girman kayan aiki sosai. Ginin sa mai sauƙi da ƙaramin siffar sa sun sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikace inda sarari da nauyi suke matsaloli masu mahimmanci.

Babban fa'idar wannan LED yana cikin ƙarancin girmansa, wanda kai tsaye yana ba da gudummawa ga yawan tattarawa a kan allunan da'ira (PCBs). Wannan yana ba masu zane damar ƙirƙirar na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarancin girma. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarancin sararin ajiya da ake buƙata don kayan aiki da kuma samfuran da aka haɗa na ƙarshe suna ba da fa'idodin dabaru da tattalin arziki. Na'urar nau'in launi ɗaya ce, tana fitar da haske mai tsantsar fari, kuma an gina ta ta amfani da kayan da ba su da gubar, masu bin ka'idojin RoHS, da kuma waɗanda ba su da halogen, suna daidaitawa da ka'idojin muhalli da ƙa'idodi na zamani ciki har da EU REACH.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'aunin Fasaha

Ayyuka da amincin LED an bayyana su ta hanyar cikakken saitin ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi. Fahimtar waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen ƙirar da'ira da kuma tabbatar da aiki na dogon lokaci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakar matsin lamba wanda bayansa lalacewa na dindindin na na'urar zai iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Ƙarfin Wuta na Baya (V_R):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wuta a cikin hanyar baya zai iya haifar da rushewar junction.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):10 mA (ci gaba).
• Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP):100 mA, ana yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle 1/10 @ 1 kHz).
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):40 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar da kunshin zai iya watsawa ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafinsa ba.
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):Ma'aunin Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM) na 150 V. Dole ne a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD da suka dace.
• Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin masana'antu.
• Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.
• Zafin Haɗa Ƙarfe (T_sol):Na'urar za ta iya jure haɗa ƙarfe ta hanyar reflow tare da kololuwar zazzabi na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10, ko haɗa ƙarfe da hannu a 350°C har zuwa dakika 3 a kowane tashar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

An auna su a daidaitaccen zafin junction na 25°C, waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana fitowar haske da halayen lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):Ya kewayo daga 57.0 mcd (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 112 mcd (mafi girma), tare da ƙimar al'ada a ƙarƙashin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 5 mA. Ana amfani da juzu'i na ±11%.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Ƙimar al'ada na digiri 140, yana nuna faɗin kusurwar dubawa wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuna alama da hasken baya.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):Ya kewayo daga 2.60 V zuwa 3.00 V a I_F= 5 mA, tare da juzu'i na ±0.05V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don lissafin resistor ɗin iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 50 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar baya (V_R) na 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa "kwantena" bisa mahimman ma'auni na aiki. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar kayan aiki waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske da ƙarfin wuta don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske

Ana rarraba fitowar haske zuwa kwantena daban-daban guda uku (P2, Q1, Q2) lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da 5 mA.

• Kwantin P2:57.0 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 72.0 mcd (Mafi girma)
• Kwantin Q1:72.0 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 90.0 mcd (Mafi girma)
• Kwantin Q2:90.0 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 112 mcd (Mafi girma)

Zaɓin lambar kwanti mai girma (misali, Q2) yana tabbatar da LED mai haske, wanda zai iya zama dole don aikace-aikace waɗanda ke buƙatar ganuwa mafi girma ko ƙarancin tuƙi.

3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Vf)

Ana rarraba faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar gaba zuwa kwantena huɗu (28, 29, 30, 31) a I_F= 5 mA.

• Kwantin 28:2.60 V zuwa 2.70 V
• Kwantin 29:2.70 V zuwa 2.80 V
• Kwantin 30:2.80 V zuwa 2.90 V
• Kwantin 31:2.90 V zuwa 3.00 V

Ƙuntatattun kwantena na ƙarfin wuta suna da mahimmanci don aikace-aikace inda daidaitaccen amfani da wutar lantarki ko daidaitaccen ƙa'idar halin yanzu a cikin LED da yawa ke da mahimmanci.

3.3 Rarrabawar Ma'aunin Launi (Chromaticity)

Ingancin launi na hasken fari mai tsantsa ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar rarrabawa bisa ma'aunin CIE 1931 chromaticity (x, y). Takardun bayani yana bayyana kwantena huɗu (1, 2, 3, 4), kowanne yana ƙayyadadden yanki mai siffar huɗu akan jadawalin CIE tare da juzu'i na ±0.01. Wannan yana tabbatar da ƙarancin bambancin launi tsakanin LED daga kwanti ɗaya, wanda yake da mahimmanci don aikace-aikace kamar hasken baya inda daidaiton launi ke da mahimmanci.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Yayin da takardun bayani ke nuni zuwa lanƙwan halayen lantarki da na gani na al'ada, fassararsu ta gabaɗaya ita ce mabuɗin don zane. Waɗannan lanƙwan yawanci suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin haske (I_vda I_F), ƙarfin wutar gaba (V_Fda I_F), da tasirin zafin yanayi akan fitowar haske. Masu zane suna amfani da waɗannan lanƙwan don inganta halin yanzu na tuƙi don hasken da ake so da kuma fahimtar yadda ayyuka ke raguwa a manyan yanayin zafin aiki, suna ba da bayanai game da yanke shawara na sarrafa zafi.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED ta zo a cikin ƙaramin kunshin SMD. Zanen girma yana ba da ma'auni masu mahimmanci ciki har da tsawon jiki, faɗi, tsayi, da sanya da girman filayen haɗa ƙarfe. Yin bin ƙayyadaddun tsarin fili (Land Pattern) yana da mahimmanci don amintaccen haɗa ƙarfe da daidaitaccen daidaitawa yayin aikin reflow. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alamar kunshi ko siffa, wanda dole ne a daidaita shi daidai akan PCB.

5.2 Hatsarin Danshi da Kunshi

An kunna na'urar a cikin tsari mai hana danshi don hana lalacewa daga danshin yanayi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin haɗa ƙarfe ta reflow. Kunshin ya haɗa da kaset ɗin ɗaukar kaya akan reel mai diamita inci 7, tare da daidaitaccen adadin da aka ɗora na guda 2000 a kowace reel. An ƙayyade girman reel da kaset don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin zaɓe da sanyawa ta atomatik. Lakabi akan kunshin suna ba da mahimman bayanai kamar lambar samfurin, adadi, da takamaiman lambobin kwanti don ƙarfin haske (CAT), launi (HUE), da ƙarfin wutar gaba (REF).

6. Jagororin Haɗa Ƙarfe da Haɗawa

Sarrafa da haɗa ƙarfe daidai yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancin na'urar da ayyuka.

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Haɗa Ƙarfe ta Reflow

An ƙayyade yanayin zafin reflow mara gubar:

• Dafaffen Gaba:150–200°C na dakika 60–120.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (217°C):Dakika 60–150.
• Kololuwar Zazzabi:Matsakaicin 260°C, an riƙe shi na matsakaicin dakika 10.
• Saurin Dumama/Sanyaya:Matsakaicin 6°C/sec dumama da 3°C/sec sanyaya.

6.2 Ajiya da Kula da Kulawa

• Ajiya:Dole ne a ajiye jakunkunan da ba a buɗe ba a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Bayan buɗewa, "rayuwar bene" shekara 1 ce a ƙarƙashin ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan aka wuce wannan ko kuma idan desiccant ya nuna danshi, ana buƙatar maganin gasa (60±5°C na awanni 24) kafin amfani.
• Kariya daga Halin Yanzu:Resistor ɗin iyakance halin yanzu na waje wajibi ne. LED na'urori ne masu tuƙi ta halin yanzu; ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wuta zai iya haifar da babban ƙaruwa mai lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu.
• Haɗa Ƙarfe da Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da ƙarfen haɗa ƙarfe tare da zafin ƙarshen<350°C, ƙarfin ≤25W, da iyakance tuntuɓar dakika 3 a kowane tashar. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarfen haɗa ƙarfe mai kai biyu don kowane aikin gyara don guje wa matsin zafi.
• Kariya daga ESD:Ma'aunin 150V HBM yana nuna matsakaicin hankali. Yi amfani da matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Hasken Baya:Ya dace da alamun dashboard, hasken maɓalli, da hasken baya mai lebur don allunan LCD da alamomi.
• Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Alamun yanayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin wayoyi da na'urorin faks.
• Amfani da Alama na Gabaɗaya:Fitilun yanayi, alamun wutar lantarki, da hasken kayan ado a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci.

7.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane

• Da'irar Tuƙi ta Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin don saita halin yanzu na gaba. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F, la'akari da V_Fmafi munin yanayi daga kewayon rarrabawa.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake rushewar wutar lantarki ƙanƙanta ne, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan ana aiki a manyan yanayin zafin yanayi ko matsakaicin halin yanzu don kiyaye zafin junction a cikin iyakoki.
• Zane na Gani:Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 140 tana ba da fitarwa mai faɗi. Don haske mai mai da hankali, ƙila za a buƙaci ruwan tabarau na waje ko jagororin haske.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin LED na ta hanyar rami, wannan nau'in SMD yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci: rage girman ƙafar ƙafa sosai, dacewa da haɗawa ta atomatik mai sauri, da ingantaccen aikin zafi saboda sanyawa kai tsaye akan PCB. A cikin nau'in SMD LED, haɗin takamaiman sa na faɗin kusurwar dubawa, madaidaicin wurin launin fari wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar madaidaicin kwantena na launi, da ƙaƙƙarfan gini don daidaitattun hanyoyin reflow sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai yawa don aikace-aikacen nuna alama da hasken baya na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar daidaitaccen launi da haske.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'aunin Fasaha)

9.1 Ta yaya zan zaɓi resistor ɗin iyakance halin yanzu da ya dace?

Yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar gaba (V_F(max)) daga kwantin ƙarfin wutar da kuke amfani da shi (misali, 3.00V don Kwantin 31) a cikin lissafin don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai taɓa wuce matsakaicin ma'auni ba, ko da tare da juzu'in kayan aiki. Don wadata na 5V da manufa I_Fna 5mA: R = (5V - 3.00V) / 0.005A = 400 Ω. Yi amfani da ƙimar da ta gaba mafi girma (misali, 430 Ω) don gefen aminci.

9.2 Shin zan iya amfani da wannan LED don hasken cikin mota?

Duk da yake kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) ya ƙunshi yanayin cikin mota na yau da kullun, takardun bayani ya haɗa da sanarwar ƙuntatawa na aikace-aikace. Ya bayyana cewa don aikace-aikace masu inganci kamar tsarin aminci/tsaro na mota, ƙila ana buƙatar samfurin daban. Don hasken ciki mara mahimmanci (misali, hasken baya na dashboard), yana iya dacewa, amma ana ba da shawarar tuntuɓar mai kera don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci.

9.3 Menene ma'anar lambar kwanti akan lakabin ga zanena?

Lambobin kwanti (CAT don ƙarfi, HUE don launi, REF don ƙarfin wuta) suna ba ku damar gano ainihin halayen ayyukan LED akan reel ɗin ku. Don zane-zane waɗanda ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya, ƙayyade kuma yi amfani da LED daga kwantena HUE da CAT iri ɗaya. Don zane-zane masu hankali ga lodi na wadata, yi amfani da LED daga kwantin REF (ƙarfin wuta) iri ɗaya don tabbatar da daidaitaccen jan halin yanzu.

10. Misalin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Zanen allon nuna alama na LED da yawa.Don tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske da launi a duk LED 10 akan allo, mai zane ya ƙayyade kayan aiki daga Kwantin Q1 (ƙarfin haske) da Kwantin 2 (launi). Ta hanyar lissafin resistor ɗin iyakance halin yanzu ta amfani da V_F(max)daga Kwantin 29 (2.80V), suna tabbatar da cewa babu LED da aka yi tuƙi fiye da kima. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 140 yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin alamomin daga kusurwoyi daban-daban ba tare da buƙatar ruwan tabarau ɗaya ɗaya ba. Kunshin SMD yana ba da damar tsarin PCB mai ƙarancin girma sosai, kuma kunshin kaset-da-reel yana ba da damar haɗawa ta atomatik mai inganci na dukkan rukunin.

11. Gabatarwa kan Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan LED tushen haske ne mai ƙarfi wanda ya dogara da guntu na semiconductor. Kayan guntun shine Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), wanda aka ƙera shi don fitar da haske a cikin bakan shuɗi/ultraviolet. Wannan haske sai ya wuce ta cikin wani Layer na phosphor mai watsewa rawaya a cikin rufin resin. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi na farko kuma ya sake fitar da shi azaman hasken rawaya. Haɗin sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya da aka canza yana haifar da fahimtar "fari tsantsa" ta idon ɗan adam. Wannan fasahar ana kiranta da phosphor-converted white LED.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Kayan aikin yana nuna ci gaba da ke faruwa a fasahar LED: ci gaba da ƙarancin girma na kunshi, haɓaka inganci (lumens a kowace watt), da ƙarin sarrafa daidaiton launi ta hanyar rarrabawa mai ci gaba. Ƙarfafa kan mara gubar, mara halogen, da bin ka'idojin RoHS/REACH suna nuna sauyin masana'antu gaba ɗaya zuwa ga masana'antu masu dorewa na muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, cikakkun bayanan hankali na danshi da jagororin haɗa ƙarfe suna nuna ƙara haɗa LED cikin daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa na PCB masu yawa, suna motsa su daga kayan aiki masu banbanta zuwa manyan na'urorin Surface-Mount.