Bayanin Fasaha na LED na SMD 19-22/G6R6C-A31/2T - Kunshin 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.0V - Launuka Daban-daban - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

LED na SMD 19-22 wata na'ura ce ta ƙanƙanta, mai hawa a saman allon lantarki (PCB), wadda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen PCB masu yawan girma. Tana amfani da fasahar guntu na AlGaInP don samar da launuka masu haske na rawaya (G6) da ja (R6). Babban fa'idar wannan kayan aiki shine rage girman wurin da yake ɗauka sosai idan aka kwatanta da LED na gargajiya masu igiya, wanda ke ba da damar rage girman kayan aikin ƙarshe, ƙara yawan LED a kan allon lantarki, da rage buƙatun ajiya. Ginin sa mai sauƙi ya sa ya dace musamman da na'urorin lantarki masu ɗauka da ƙanƙanta.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Bin Ka'idoji

Ana ba da na'urar a kan tef ɗin milimita 8 wanda aka ɗora akan reeli mai diamita inci 7, wanda ke tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitattun na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik (pick-and-place). An tsara shi don amfani da hanyoyin gudanar da gini na reflow ta hanyar infrared da tururi. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin muhalli da aminci masu mahimmanci: ba shi da gubar (Pb-free), yana bin umarnin EU RoHS, yana bin ƙa'idodin EU REACH, kuma ya cika ka'idojin rashin halogen (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). Nau'in nau'i-nau'i masu launuka daban-daban yana ba da sassauƙa a cikin tsari a cikin girman kunshi ɗaya.

2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Madaidaicin Iyakokin Ƙima

Aiki da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (VR) shine 5V ga duka nau'ikan launuka. Matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba (IF) shine 25 mA. Don aiki mai bugun jini, matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba (IFP) shine 60 mA a cikin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 da mitar 1 kHz. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (Pd) shine 60 mW. An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin aiki (Topr) na -40°C zuwa +85°C da kewayon zafin ajiya (Tstg) na -40°C zuwa +90°C. Matsayin juriya na fitar da wutar lantarki ta jiki (ESD), bisa Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM), shine 2000V.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani

An ƙayyade duk sigogi a zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C da daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu (IF) na 20 mA. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 22.5 mcd don G6 (Rawaya) da 45.0 mcd don R6 (Ja), tare da ƙayyadaddun kewayon rukunoni da aka bayar. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine digiri 130, yana ba da tsarin fitar da haske mai faɗi. Guntun G6 yana da matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λp) na 575 nm da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye (λd) na 573 nm. Guntun R6 yana da matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 632 nm da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye na 624 nm. Faɗin bandejin haske (Δλ) yana kusan 20 nm ga duka biyun. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) yakan auna 2.0V, tare da kewayon daga 1.7V zuwa 2.4V. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na baya (IR) a VR=5V shine 10 µA.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni bisa ƙarfin haske. Iyakar ƙarfin haske shine ±11%. Don LED na G6 (Rawaya), rukunoni suna kewayo daga M2 (22.5-28.5 mcd) zuwa P1 (45.0-57.0 mcd). Don LED na R6 (Ja), rukunoni suna kewayo daga P1 (45.0-57.0 mcd) zuwa Q2 (90.0-112.0 mcd). Wannan rarrabuwa yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin jerin LED masu yawa ko alamomi.

4. Bincike Kan Lankwasa Ayyuka

Bayanin fasaha ya haɗa da daidaitattun lankwasan halayen lantarki da haske ga duka nau'ikan G6 da R6. Waɗannan zane-zanen suna nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin mahimman sigogi, kamar halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin haske, da tasirin zafin yanayi akan ƙarfin haske. Binciken waɗannan lankwasan yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mara daidaito, yana ba da damar ƙirar da'ira mai ƙarfi, musamman game da iyakance halin yanzu da sarrafa zafi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Tsarin Kunshi

LED na SMD 19-22 yana da kunshi mai ƙanƙanta tare da girma na 2.0mm tsayi, 1.25mm faɗi, da tsayi na 0.8mm (iyakar ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi). Cikakken zanen injiniya ya ƙayyade tazarar igiya, wurin sanya guntu, da lissafin ruwan tabarau. Daidaitaccen fassarar wannan zanen yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin ƙasa na PCB, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin haɗin gini da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

5.2 Gano Polarity da Haɗawa

Kunshin yana da alamar cathode (yawanci ana nuna shi da kore ko tsaga a kan tef). Bayanin fasaha yana ba da cikakken zane wanda ke nuna wuraren kafet ɗin anode da cathode. Bin ƙafar PCB da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don hana matsalolin gudanar da gini da tabbatar da daidaitaccen alkiblar lantarki.

6. Jagororin Gudanar da Gini da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Gudanar da Gini na Reflow

Don gudanar da gini mara gubar (Pb-free), dole ne a bi takamaiman bayanin zafin jiki: dumama kafin tsakanin 150-200°C na dakika 60-120; lokacin sama da ruwa mai ruwa (217°C) na dakika 60-150; matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba har zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10; matsakaicin ƙimar dumama na 6°C/sec har zuwa 255°C, an riƙe shi har zuwa matsakaicin dakika 30; kuma matsakaicin ƙimar sanyaya na 3°C/sec. Gudanar da gini na reflow bai kamata a yi sama da sau biyu ba. Kada a yi amfani da matsin lamba ga jikin LED yayin dumama, kuma kada PCB ta karkace bayan gudanar da gini.

6.2 Gudanar da Gini da Hannu da Ajiya

Idan gudanar da gini da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne zafin ƙarshen guntun ƙarfe ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, ana amfani da shi ba fiye da dakika 3 a kowace tashar. Ƙarfin guntun ƙarfe na gudanar da gini ya kamata ya zama 25W ko ƙasa da haka, tare da tazarar aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin gudanar da gini kowace tashar. Don ajiya, ana iya amfani da jakunkunan da ba a buɗe ba masu hana danshi kamar yadda aka karɓa. Da zarar an buɗe, dole ne a yi amfani da LED ɗin cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) idan an ajiye su a cikin yanayi na 30°C/60%RH ko ƙasa da haka. LED ɗin da ba a yi amfani da su ba ya kamata a sake rufe su tare da abin bushewa. Idan lokacin ajiya ya wuce ko alamar abin bushewa ta canza launi, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana kunna LED ɗin a cikin kayan hana danshi. Ana ba da su akan tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya, wanda aka ɗora a cikin reeli ɗin da ke ɗauke da guda 2000 kowanne. Reel ɗin yana da daidaitattun girma don dacewa da na'urorin ciyarwa ta atomatik. Kunshin ya haɗa da lakabin da ke ɗauke da mahimman bayanai: Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfurin (P/N), Yawan Kunshi (QTY), Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (CAT), Ma'auni na Launi & Matsayin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye (HUE), Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (REF), da Lambar Rukuni (LOT No).

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen hasken baya a cikin dashbodin motoci da allon kashewa. A cikin sadarwa, yana aiki azaman alamomin matsayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin wayoyi da na'urorin faks. Hakanan ana amfani da shi don hasken baya na LCD, maɓalli, da alamomi, tare da aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya inda ƙananan girma da aminci suke da mahimmanci.

8.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙira

Resistan mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole. Halayen I-V na LED na nuni yana nufin ƙaramin canji a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana haifar da babban canji a cikin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙonewa nan take. Dole ne a ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ɗin bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki, matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na LED (Vf), da halin yanzu na aiki da ake so (misali, 20mA). Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na LED kanta kuma su tabbatar da tsarin PCB yana ba da isassun taimako na zafin jiki idan ana aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙima.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Kunshin 19-22 yana ba da raguwar girman girma sosai akan tsofaffin LED na 3mm da 5mm masu rami, yana ba da damar ƙirar samfuran zamani masu siriri. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran LED na SMD, amfani da fasahar AlGaInP yana ba da ingantaccen haske don launuka rawaya da ja. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 shine babban abin banbanta don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ganuwa mai faɗi. Bin ka'idojin rashin halogen da sauran ƙa'idodin muhalli ya sa ya dace da samfuran da ke da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun ƙa'ida.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Me yasa resistor na jerin yake da mahimmanci?

A: LED diode ne mai lankwasa I-V mara layi. Ba tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ba, halin yanzu yana iyakance ta hanyar juriya na ciki na wutar lantarki da juriya mai ƙarfi na diode, wanda yake da ƙasa sosai. Wannan kusan koyaushe yana haifar da halin yanzu ya wuce Matsakaicin Iyakar Ƙima, yana haifar da gazawa nan take.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wutar lantarki na dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V?

A: I, amma ana buƙatar resistor na jerin. Misali, tare da wutar lantarki na 5V da matsakaicin Vf na 2.0V a 20mA, ƙimar resistor ɗin zata zama R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 150 Ohms. Matsayin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na resistor ɗin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla P = I^2 * R = (0.02^2)*150 = 0.06W, don haka daidaitaccen resistor na 1/8W (0.125W) ya isa.

Q: Menene lambar rukunin (misali, P1, Q2) ke nufi ga ƙirar ta?

A: Lambar rukunin tana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haske da aka tabbatar da shi da matsakaicin. Idan ƙirar ku tana buƙatar daidaiton haske a cikin LED masu yawa, ya kamata ku ƙayyade LED ɗin daga lambar rukunin ɗaya ko ƙananan kewayon rukunoni. Yin amfani da LED ɗin daga rukunoni masu banbanci sosai (misali, P1 da Q2 tare) zai haifar da matakan haske daban-daban a bayyane.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar allon nuni na matsayi masu yawa don na'urar mabukaci. Ta amfani da LED na 19-22, mai ƙira zai iya ƙirƙirar jerin alamomi ja da rawaya masu yawa a cikin ƙaramin yanki. Ta hanyar zaɓar LED ɗin daga rukunin ƙarfin haske ɗaya (misali, duk R6 daga rukunin Q1), ana samun daidaiton gani. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin alamomin daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Kunshin SMD yana ba da damar haɗawa ta atomatik, yana rage farashin masana'antu da ƙara aminci idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da aka gudanar da gini da hannu ta hanyar rami. Dole ne ƙirar ta haɗa da da'irar tuƙi tare da daidaitattun resistor masu iyakance halin yanzu ga kowane LED ko rukunin LED.

12. Gabatarwa Kan Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki (Layer AlGaInP a wannan yanayin). Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar ana ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy da ke kewaye da guntun yana aiki don kare mutuwar semiconductor, siffanta fitar da haske (cimma kusurwar kallo na digiri 130), da haɓaka ingantaccen fitar da haske.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Ci Gaba

Trend a cikin LED na nuni da hasken baya yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen aiki (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace naúrar wutar lantarki), ƙananan girman kunshi, da ingantaccen aminci. Hakanan akwai ƙaƙƙarfan tuƙi don faɗaɗa amfani da kayan da ke da aminci ga muhalli da hanyoyin masana'antu, kamar yadda wannan samfurin ya nuna ta hanyar rashin halogen da bin ka'idojin Pb-free. Haɗin kai wani trend ne, tare da kunshin guntu masu yawa (RGB, launuka daban-daban) da LED tare da cikakkun ICs na sarrafawa suna zama gama gari don aikace-aikacen haske masu rikitarwa. Koyaya, LED ɗin launi ɗaya mai hankali kamar 19-22 sun kasance mahimman abubuwa saboda sauƙinsu, aminci, da ingantaccen farashi don ayyukan nuni na asali.