Takardun Bayanan Fasaha na Jerin SMD LED 12-23C - LED Mai Launuka Daban-daban (Ja/Kore/Shuɗi) - 3.2x1.6x1.4mm - 2.0-3.9V - 20-25mA

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin 12-23C yana wakiltar madaidaiciyar mafita ta LED mai hawa a saman, wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙanƙanta da ingantaccen aminci. Wannan dangin LED mai launuka daban-daban ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin da ke da ginshiƙan gubar na gargajiya, yana ba da damar rage girman wurin PCB sosai, ƙara yawan adadin ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ƙananan kayan aikin mai amfani. Ginin sa mai sauƙi ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari da na ɗaukar kaya.

Babban fa'idar wannan jerin yana cikin yawan amfani da kuma bin ka'idojin masana'antu da muhalli na zamani. Ana kunshin na'urorin akan tef ɗin inci 8 da aka nannade a kan reels masu diamita inci 7, yana tabbatar da dacewa da manyan na'urorin haɗawa da sanya ta atomatik. Sun cancanta don amfani da duka hanyoyin solder na reflow na infrared da na tururi, waɗanda suke daidai a cikin samar da lantarki mai yawa.

Daidaitawa da bin ka'idojin muhalli siffa ce mai mahimmanci. Ana gina samfuran da kayan da ba su da gubar, suna bin umarnin RoHS, suna bin ƙa'idodin EU REACH, kuma sun cika ƙa'idodin marasa halogen (tare da Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, da jimlar su <1500 ppm). Wannan ya sa su dace da fadin kasuwanni na duniya masu tsauraran buƙatun muhalli.

2. Zaɓin Na'ura da Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa

2.1 Jagorar Zaɓin Na'ura

Jerin yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan launi guda uku daban-daban, kowanne ya dogara ne akan kayan guntu na semiconductor daban-daban:

• Lambar R6 (Ja mai haske):Yana amfani da fasahar guntu na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide). Launin resin ɗin ya bayyana a fili.
• Lambar GH (Kore mai haske):Yana amfani da fasahar guntu na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Launin resin ɗin ya bayyana a fili.
• Lambar BH (Shuɗi):Yana amfani da fasahar guntu na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Launin resin ɗin ya bayyana a fili.

Kunshin resin ɗin da ya bayyana yana ba da damar fitar da haske mafi kyau da kuma wakilcin launi na gaskiya.

2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa (Ta=25°C)

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a ko sama da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R):5 V (Duk lambobi)
• Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F):R6: 25 mA, GH: 25 mA, BH: 20 mA
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_FP, Aiki 1/10 @1kHz):R6: 60 mA, GH: 100 mA, BH: 100 mA
• Rushewar Wutar lantarki (P_d):R6: 60 mW, GH: 95 mW, BH: 75 mW
• Zubar da lantarki na Electrostatic (ESD) Samfurin Jikin Mutum (HBM):R6: 2000 V, GH: 150 V, BH: 150 V. Lura cewa LED ɗin ja (R6) yana da ƙarfi sosai na ESD idan aka kwatanta da bambance-bambancen kore da shuɗi, waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai mahimmanci.
• Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +90°C
• Zazzabi na Solder (T_sol):Solder na reflow: Matsakaicin zazzabi 260°C na daƙiƙa 10 matsakaici. Solder na hannu: 350°C na daƙiƙa 3 matsakaici kowanne tashar.

3. Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani (Ta=25°C)

Ana garantin waɗannan sigogi a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji. Ƙimar al'ada tana wakiltar tsakiyar rarraba samarwa.

3.1 Ƙarfin Hasken Haske da Halayen Kusurwa

• Luminous Intensity (I_V) @ I_F=20mA:
  • R6 (Ja): Al'ada 90 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta 63 mcd)
  • GH (Kore): Al'ada 180 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta 125 mcd)
  • BH (Shuɗi): Al'ada 50 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta 32 mcd)
  Jurewa: ±11%.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Al'ada digiri 100 ga duk lambobin launi. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa ya dace don aikace-aikacen nuni da hasken baya inda ganin daga kusurwoyi masu ban sha'awa ke da mahimmanci.

3.2 Halayen Bakan Haske

• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):R6: 632 nm, GH: 518 nm, BH: 468 nm.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):R6: 624 nm, GH: 525 nm, BH: 470 nm. Matsakaicin tsawon tsawon shine fahimtar launi guda ɗaya na LED ta idon ɗan adam.
• Faɗin Bakan Haske (Δλ):R6: 20 nm, GH: 35 nm, BH: 25 nm. Wannan yana ayyana tsaftar bakan ko faɗin hasken da aka fitar.

3.3 Halayen Lantarki

• Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) @ I_F=20mA:
  • R6: Al'ada 2.0 V, Matsakaici 2.4 V
  • GH: Al'ada 3.3 V, Matsakaici 3.9 V
  • BH: Al'ada 3.3 V, Matsakaici 3.9 V
  Jurewa: ±0.1V. Ƙananan V_Fna LED ɗin ja siffa ce ta fasahar AlGaInP idan aka kwatanta da InGaN.
• Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (I_R) @ V_R=5V:R6: Matsakaici. 10 μA, GH/BH: Matsakaici. 50 μA.

4. Bincike akan Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardun bayanan yana ba da lankwasan halayen lantarki da na gani na al'ada ga kowane lambar LED (R6, GH, BH). Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman bayanan zane a cikin rubutun ba, waɗannan lankwasan yawanci suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin haske, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, da tasirin yanayin zafi a kan fitar da haske. Binciken waɗannan lankwasan yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'ura a ƙarƙashin yanayi marasa daidaito (misali, ƙarfin lantarki ko zafin jiki daban-daban) da kuma don inganta ƙirar da'ira don inganci da tsawon rai. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi amfani da waɗannan lankwasan don zaɓar wuraren aiki masu dacewa da kuma yin samfurin tasirin zafi akan aiki.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin

LED na 12-23C yana da ƙaramin kunshin hawa a saman. Muhimman girma (a cikin mm, jurewa ±0.1mm sai dai an ƙayyade) sun haɗa da girman jiki kusan 3.2mm (tsayi) x 1.6mm (faɗi) x 1.4mm (tsayi). Kunshin yana da tashoshi biyu na anode/cathode don solder. Zanen girma yana ba da mahimman bayanai don ƙirar tsarin ƙasa na PCB (sawun ƙafa), yana tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gwiwar solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Bin sawun ƙafa da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen haɗawa da sarrafa zafi.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alamar gani akan kunshin, kamar tsaga, ɗigo, ko alamar kore akan reel ɗin tef. Daidaitaccen alkiblar polarity yayin haɗawa wajibi ne don tabbatar da aikin da ya dace.

6. Jagororin Solder, Haɗawa, da Ajiya

6.1 Abubuwan Kariya Masu Muhimmanci

• Ƙuntatawa na Halin yanzu:Anabukatar kwarai da gaskewani resistor mai iyakancewa na waje a cikin jerin tare da LED. Halayen I-V na LED na ma'ana cewa ƙaramin ƙari a cikin ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da babban ƙari a cikin halin yanzu, yana haifar da ƙonewa nan da nan ba tare da kariya ba.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Na'urorin suna da damuwa game da danshi (MSL).
  • Kafin buɗewa: Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH.
  • Bayan buɗewa: "Rayuwar bene" shine shekara 1 a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Dole ne a sake rufe sassan da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin jakar kariya daga danshi tare da desiccant.
  • Idan mai nuna desiccant ya canza launi ko kuma an wuce lokacin ajiya, ana buƙatar gasa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin solder na reflow.

6.2 Tsarin Solder

• Bayanan Reflow (Marasa gubar):An ba da cikakken bayanin yanayin zafi. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da: dumama kafin tsakanin 150-200°C na 60-120s, lokaci sama da ruwa (217°C) na 60-150s, matsakaicin zazzabi na 260°C matsakaici na daƙiƙa 10 matsakaici, da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar haɓaka/sanyaya (matsakaici 3°C/s da 6°C/s bi da bi).
• Zagayowar Reflow:Kada a wuce zagayowar solder na reflow guda biyu.
• Solder na Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder tare da zazzabin ƙarshe <350°C, ƙarfin ≤25W, da iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar zuwa daƙiƙa 3 kowace tasha. Bari mafi ƙarancin tazara na daƙiƙa 2 tsakanin solder kowace tasha. Guji damuwa na injiniya akan kunshin yayin dumama.
• Gyara:Ba a ƙarfafa gyara bayan solder ba. Idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda kuma don hana damuwa na zafi da injiniya. Yi gwaji kafin don tabbatar da tsarin gyaran baya lalata halayen LED.

7. Bayanan Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Ana samar da LED ɗin a cikin kunshin mai kariya daga danshi. Kunshin daidaitaccen ya haɗa da:

• Tef ɗin Mai ɗaukar kaya:Faɗin inci 8, an ɗora shi cikin reel.
• Reel:Diamita inci 7. Adadin da aka ɗora shine guda 2000 kowace reel.
• Jakar Waje:An rufe shi a cikin jakar kariya daga danshi na aluminum mai ɗauke da desiccant.

An ba da cikakkun girma don aljihun tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya da reel ɗin don tabbatar da dacewa da masu ciyar da atomatik.

7.2 Bayanin Lakabi

Lakabin reel ɗin yana ɗauke da mahimman bayanai don bin sawu da zaɓin kwandon shara:

• CPN (Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki)
• P/N (Lambar Samfur): misali, 12-23C/R6GHBHC-A01/2C
• QTY (Adadin Kunshin)
• CAT (Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken Haske)
• HUE (Matsakaicin Haɗin Launi & Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon)
• REF (Matsayin Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba)
• LOT No (Lambar Lot don bin sawu)

Wannan bayanin kwandon shara yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da sigogi masu ƙarfi don ci gaba da aiki a aikace-aikacensu.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

8.1 Aikace-aikacen Al'ada

• Hasken baya don allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, da alamomi.
• Alamomin matsayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa (wayoyi, na'urorin faks).
• Rukunin hasken baya na lebur don ƙananan nunin LCD.
• Fitilun nuni na gabaɗaya a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da na masana'antu.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Ƙirar Da'ira:Koyaushe haɗa resistor na jerin. Ƙididdige ƙimarsa ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fda I_Fsune wuraren aiki da aka yi niyya daga takardun bayanan. Yi la'akari da ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da yake ƙarancin wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, kiyaye zazzabin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki shine mabuɗin don ingantaccen aminci na dogon lokaci da kwanciyar hankali na fitar da haske. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan ana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu.
• Kariya ta ESD:Aiwatar da matakan kariya na ESD akan PCBs da kuma a cikin hanyoyin sarrafawa, musamman ga LED ɗin GH da BH (InGaN) masu mahimmanci.

8.3 Hani na Aikace-aikace

An ƙera wannan samfurin don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da na masana'antu na gabaɗaya. Shibaya cancanta ko aka ba da shawarar musamman don aikace-aikacen ingantaccen aminci ba tare da tuntuɓar farko ba. Wannan ya haɗa da, amma bai iyakance ga:

• Sojoji, sararin samaniya, ko tsarin jiragen sama.
• Tsarin aminci ko tsaro na motoci (misali, jakunkunan iska, birki).
• Kayan aikin kiwon lafiya masu tallafin rayuwa ko mahimmanci.

Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikace, ana buƙatar samfuran tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, cancanta, da tabbacin aminci daban-daban.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Jerin 12-23C ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙirar siffa mai ƙanƙanta, samuwar launuka daban-daban daga tsarin kunshin guda ɗaya, da cikakken bin ƙa'idodin muhalli na zamani (RoHS, Marasa Halogen). Idan aka kwatanta da manyan LED ɗin da ke ratsa rami, yana ba da damar ƙanƙantawa sosai. Kunshin resin ɗin da ya bayyana ga duk launuka yana ba da sassauƙa na ƙira. Ƙimar ESD da aka bayar (musamman ma don bambancin ja) da cikakkun umarnin sarrafa damuwa game da danshi suna nuna ƙira don ingantattun hanyoyin masana'antu. Haɗa takamaiman sigogi na kwandon shara (CAT, HUE, REF) akan lakabin yana nuna tsarin samarwa wanda ke iya isar da launi da haske iri ɗaya, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da LED ɗin da yawa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q1: Menene babban bambanci tsakanin lambobin R6, GH, da BH?
A1: Babban bambancin shine kayan semiconductor da launin da ya haifar. R6 yana amfani da AlGaInP don hasken ja (624nm mafi rinjaye) kuma yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (~2.0V). GH (Kore) da BH (Shuɗi) suna amfani da InGaN, suna da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba mafi girma (~3.3V), kuma suna fitar da hasken kore (525nm) da shuɗi (470nm) bi da bi. Lambobin GH da BH suma sun fi mahimmanci ga ESD.

Q2: Me ya sa resistor mai iyakancewa ya zama dole?
A2: LED ɗin diodes ne tare da alaƙar halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki mara layi, mai ma'ana. Ƙaramin ƙari a cikin ƙarfin lantarki sama da V na al'ada_Fyana haifar da babban ƙari, mai yuwuwar lalacewa, a cikin halin yanzu. Resistor na jerin yana ba da alaƙar layi, yana sa halin yanzu ya zama mai yiwuwa kuma lafiya don ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wadata.

Q3: Shin zan iya amfani da solder na hannu don haɗa samfuri?
A3: I, amma tare da taka tsantsan sosai. Bi jagororin da ƙarfi: ƙarshen ƙarfe <350°C, wutar lantarki ≤25W, lokacin tuntuɓar ≤3 daƙiƙa kowace tasha, kuma bari sanyaya tsakanin tashoshi. Solder na reflow shine hanyar da aka ba da shawarar kuma mafi inganci.

Q4: Me ake nufi da "maras halogen" kuma me ya sa yake da mahimmanci?
A4: Maras halogen yana nufin kayan sun ƙunshi ƙananan matakan bromine (Br) da chlorine (Cl). Waɗannan halogens, lokacin da aka ƙone su, na iya samar da hayaki mai guba da lalata. Na'urorin lantarki marasa halogen sun fi aminci kuma sun fi dacewa da muhalli, galibi ana buƙatar su ta wasu ƙa'idodi da ƙayyadaddun abokin ciniki.

Q5: Ta yaya zan fassara bayanin kwandon shara (CAT, HUE, REF) akan lakabin?
A5: Wannan bayanin yana haɗa LED ɗin tare da aiki iri ɗaya. Don bayyanar iri ɗaya a cikin jeri, yakamata ku samo LED daga kwandon HUE (launi) da CAT (haske) ɗaya ko kusa. Kwandon REF (ƙarfin lantarki) na iya zama mahimmanci don ƙirar wutar lantarki a cikin aikace-aikacen da aka ƙayyade halin yanzu.

11. Ka'idojin Aiki da Trends na Fasaha

11.1 Ka'idar Aiki ta Asali

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su a cikin yanki mai aiki. AlGaInP yana da bandgap wanda ya dace don hasken ja/lemu/rawaya, yayin da InGaN ya rufe bakan kore, shuɗi, da fari (tare da phosphor).

11.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Kasuwar SMD LEDs kamar jerin 12-23C na ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin buƙatun ƙanƙantawa, mafi inganci (lumens kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi, da ƙaƙƙarfan bin ka'idodin muhalli. Akwai wani yanayi zuwa ƙananan girman kunshin (misali, 0201, 01005) don na'urori masu ƙanƙanta. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa da'irar sarrafawa (misali, direbobi na yau da kullun) a cikin kunshin LED yana zama mafi girma don sauƙaƙe ƙira. Turawa don mafi ingantaccen aminci da tsawon rai a ƙarƙashin damuwa daban-daban na muhalli ya kasance abin da masu samar da kayan aiki da masu amfani suke mayar da hankali akai.