Bayanin Fasaha na LED LTST-E142KGKEKT - Girman Kunshin 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 1.7-2.5V - Ƙarfin Wuta 75mW - LED Mai Launin Kore da Ja - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da LTST-E142KGKEKT, wata'ila LED mai haskakawa (LED) da ake haɗawa ta fuskar allon (SMD). Wannan kayan yana haɗa guntu LED guda biyu daban-daban a cikin kunshi ɗaya mai ƙarami: ɗaya yana fitar da hasken kore, ɗayan kuma ja. Babban manufar zane ita ce samar da ingantaccen mafita mai ƙaramin sarari don nuna yanayi, hasken baya, da haskakawa na alama a cikin ƙungiyoyin lantarki na zamani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan na'urar don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, tana da dacewa da solder reflow infrared da kayan aikin dauka da sanyawa na yau da kullun. Girman sa na ƙanƙanta ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da sararin allon yake da matukar muhimmanci. Manyan kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da kayayyakin sadarwa (misali, masu sauya hanyoyin sadarwa, na'urorin hanyar sadarwa), na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani (laptops, na'urorin hannu), kayan aikin sarrafa ofis, kayan aikin gida, da allunan sarrafa masana'antu. Babban aikinsa shi ne zama mai nuna yanayi ko alama ta gani.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani Mai Ma'ana

Sasannin masu zuwa suna ba da cikakken bayani game da iyakokin aiki da halayen aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C).

2.1 Matsakaicin Iyakar Ma'auni

Waɗannan ƙimomi suna ayyana iyakokin matsin lamba waɗanda bayansu lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba. Ga duka guntun kore da ja: matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC na gaba shine 30 mA; matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini: 1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms) shine 80 mA; kuma matsakaicin raguwar wuta shine 75 mW. An ƙididdige na'urar don yanayin aiki da ajiya daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.

2.2 Halayen Zafi

Sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED da kwanciyar hankali na aiki. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na junction (Tj) da aka yarda ga duka guntu shine 115°C. Matsakaicin juriyar zafi daga junction zuwa yanayi (Rθja) shine 155 °C/W. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna yadda kunshin zai iya watsar da zafi; ƙananan ƙima ya fi dacewa. Wucewa matsakaicin yanayin zafi na junction zai hanzarta raguwar lumen kuma zai iya haifar da gazawar bala'i.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu na 20 mA. Karfin haske (Iv) na guntun kore yana tsakanin mafi ƙanƙanta na 56 mcd zuwa matsakaici na 180 mcd. Ga guntun ja, kewayon daga 140 mcd zuwa 420 mcd. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, yawanci digiri 120 ne, yana nuna faɗin tsarin kallo.

Tsawon zango mai girma (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, an ƙayyade shi don guntun kore tsakanin 564 nm da 576 nm, kuma don guntun ja tsakanin 616 nm da 626 nm. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (Vf) ga duka launuka yana tsakanin 1.7 V zuwa 2.5 V a 20 mA. An ƙayyade halin yanzu na baya (Ir) a matsakaicin 10 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (Vr) na 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin bias na baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji don dalilai na bayanai ne kawai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske da launi.

3.1 Rarrabawar Karfin Haske (Iv)

An rarraba guntun LED kore zuwa kwandon ƙarfi guda biyar: P2 (56-71 mcd), Q1 (71-90 mcd), Q2 (90-112 mcd), R1 (112-140 mcd), da R2 (140-180 mcd). An rarraba guntun LED ja zuwa kwando huɗu: P (140-185 mcd), Q (185-240 mcd), R (240-315 mcd), da S (315-420 mcd). Ana amfani da juzu'i na ±11% a cikin kowane kwandon.

3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango Mai Girma (WD)

Ga LED kore, an ayyana kwandon tsawon zango mai girma kamar haka: G1 (564-568 nm), G2 (568-572 nm), da G3 (572-576 nm). Juzu'in kowane kwandon tsawon zango shine ±1 nm. Bayanin rarrabawa na tsawon zango mai girma na LED ja ba a bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin abin da aka cire ba amma yana bin ƙa'ida iri ɗaya na sarrafa tsawon zango mai tsauri.

4. Bincike kan Lissafin Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar (misali, Hoto na 1 don fitarwar bakan, Hoto na 5 don kusurwar kallo), ana iya ƙididdige halayen na yau da kullun daga bayanan da aka jera. Dangantakar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (If) da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (Vf) ba ta da layi, kamar yadda diode ke yi. Karfin haske yana daidai daidai da halin yanzu na gaba har zuwa matsakaicin iyakar da aka ƙididdige. Aiki zai ragu yayin da yanayin zafi na junction ya karu; saboda haka, zanen zafi na aikace-aikace yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙayyadaddun fitarwar haske da wurin launi a tsawon rayuwar na'urar.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi da Tsarin Fil

Na'urar ta yi daidai da tsarin kunshin SMD na masana'antu. Manyan girma sun haɗa da girman jiki kusan 2.0 mm tsawon da 1.25 mm faɗi, tare da matsakaicin tsayi na 0.8 mm. Juzu'i suna ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Tsarin fil yana da mahimmanci don aiki daidai: Fil 2 da 3 an sanya su ga guntun AlInGaP kore, yayin da Fil 1 da 4 aka sanya su ga guntun AlInGaP ja. Ruwan tabarau yana bayyananne.

5.2 Tsarin Fil ɗin PCB da Ake Shawarar

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (sawu) don allon da'ira don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da daidaitawar injiniya daidai. Yin bin wannan zanen yana rage kabari kuma yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun canja wurin zafi daga kunshin LED zuwa PCB.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Yanayin Solder IR Reflow

Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin solder marasa gubar (Pb-free). An ba da shawarar bayanin martaba na reflow infrared (IR), wanda ya yi daidai da ma'aunin J-STD-020B. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da zafin jiki kafin dumama na 150-200°C, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) wanda aka keɓance ga takamaiman haɗin allon. Ya kamata a iyakance jimlar lokacin solder a matsakaicin zafin jiki zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10, kuma ya kamata a yi reflow mafi yawan sau biyu.

6.2 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

LED suna da damuwa da danshi. Lokacin da aka adana su a cikin jakar su ta asali mai hana danshi tare da busasshiyar abu, ya kamata a ajiye su a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, "rayuwar bene" shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) a yanayin da bai wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba (JEDEC Mataki na 3). Idan an fallasa sama da wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin solder don hana fashewar popcorn yayin reflow.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, kawai dole ne a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata epoxy ko ruwan tabarau na kunshi.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana ba da na'urorin da aka kunna don haɗawa ta atomatik. An ɗora su akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm kuma an nannade su akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178 mm). Kowane cikakken reel yana ɗauke da guda 4000. An rufe tef ɗin da tef ɗin murfi don kare abubuwan. Kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED mai launi biyu ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuna yanayi iri-iri. Misali, zai iya nuna kore don "wuta a kan/ a shirye," ja don "kuskure/ a tsaye," ko duka biyun don takamaiman yanayi. Amfanin gama gari sun haɗa da masu nuna yanayi akan kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa, masu samar da wutar lantarki, da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani; hasken baya don almara ko maɓallan gaban allon; da fitilun siginar ƙananan matakan.

8.2 Abubuwan Da Ake Bukatar Lura Lokacin Zane

Iyakar Halin Yanzu:Resistan mai iyakance halin yanzu na waje ya zama dole ga kowane guntun LED don hana wucewa matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Vs), ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na LED (Vf) a halin yanzu da ake so, da halin yanzu da ake nufi (If): R = (Vs - Vf) / If. Koyaushe yi amfani da matsakaicin Vf daga takardar bayanai don zane mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Zanen Zafi:Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB (taimakon zafi) da aka haɗa zuwa fil ɗin LED don taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi, musamman idan ana aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙididdiga.
Kariya ta ESD:Ko da yake ba a bayyana a sarari ba, ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na sarrafa ESD na yau da kullun yayin haɗawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta wannan ɓangaren shine haɗa guntu LED guda biyu daban-daban na launi ɗaya (AlInGaP ga duka launuka) a cikin kunshin SMD ɗaya mai ƙanƙanta. Fasahar AlInGaP tana ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen haske da kyakkyawan jikewa na launi don ja da launin ruwan kore/launin ruwan kore idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi. Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen gaban allon. Zanen guntu biyu yana adana sararin allon kuma yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda biyu masu launi ɗaya daban.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuka LED kore da ja lokaci guda a cikakken 20mA kowanne?
A: I, amma dole ne ku yi la'akari da jimlar raguwar wuta. A 20mA, idan muka ɗauka matsakaicin Vf na 2.1V ga kowanne, jimlar wutar zai zama (2.1V * 0.02A)*2 = 84 mW. Wannan ya wuce matsakaicin raguwar wuta na 75 mW a kowane guntu (amma ku lura, ƙimar ta kasance ga kowane guntu, ba don jimlar kunshi ba; dole ne a yi la'akari da haɗin zafi). Ya fi aminci a rage halin yanzu ko amfani da aikin bugun jini don tsayawa cikin iyakokin zafi.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon zango mai kololuwa da tsawon zango mai girma?
A: Tsawon zango mai kololuwa (λp) shine tsawon zango a mafi girman matsayi a cikin lissafin rarraba ƙarfin bakan na LED. Tsawon zango mai girma (λd) an samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsawon zango guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya da LED. λd ya fi dacewa ga launin da ake gani.

Q: Me ya sa ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na baya yake da mahimmanci idan bai kamata in yi aiki da shi a baya ba?
A: Gwajin halin yanzu na baya (yawanci a 5V) gwaji ne na inganci da zubewa. Babban halin yanzu na baya zai iya nuna yuwuwar lahani a cikin junction semiconductor.

11. Misalin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi:Zana mai nuna yanayi biyu don na'urar da ke amfani da wutar lantarki ta USB 5V. LED kore ya kamata ya nuna "mai aiki," kuma LED ja ya kamata ya nuna "caji/kuskure."
Matakan Zane:
1. Zaɓin Halin Yanzu:Zaɓi halin yanzu na tuƙi na 15 mA don kyakkyawan haske yayin kiyaye gefen aminci ƙasa da matsakaicin 30 mA.
2. Lissafin Resistan don LED Kore:Yin amfani da matsakaicin Vf_kore na 2.1V da Vs=5V. R_kore = (5V - 2.1V) / 0.015A ≈ 193 Ω. Yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen da ke kusa, misali, 200 Ω.
3. Lissafin Resistan don LED Ja:Yin amfani da matsakaicin Vf_ja na 2.0V. R_ja = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.015A = 200 Ω.
4. Tsarin PCB:Sanya LED da resistors ɗin sa masu iyakance halin yanzu kusa da juna. Yi amfani da tsarin fil ɗin da aka ba da shawara daga takardar bayanai. Haɗa da ɗan ƙaramin yanki na tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa fil ɗin cathode don nutsewar zafi.
5. Sarrafa Software:Yi amfani da fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller don sarrafa anode na kowane LED da ke zaman kansu (tare da resistors a jere).

12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu haskakawa na'urori ne na junction p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type a cikin Layer mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. LTST-E142KGKEKT yana amfani da Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) ga duka guntunsa na ja da kore, tsarin kayan da aka sani da inganci a cikin bakan ja zuwa rawaya-kore. Kunshin epoxy mai tsabta yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffanta fitarwar hasken haske.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LED masu nuna alama na SMD yana ci gaba zuwa mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin fitarwar haske a kowace watt na lantarki), ƙananan girman kunshi don ƙara yawa, da ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin kwandon. Haka nan akwai mayar da hankali kan haɓaka amincin a ƙarƙashin mafi girman yanayin reflow na zafi da ake buƙata don solder maras gubar. Haɗa guntu da yawa ko ma guntu masu launuka daban-daban a cikin kunshi ɗaya, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan na'urar, yana magance buƙatar masu nuna alama masu ayyuka da yawa a cikin ƙananan zane. Binciken kimiyyar kayan da ke ƙasa yana nufin haɓaka mafi inganci da kwanciyar hankali mahadi na semiconductor a cikin bakan gani.