Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED 19-217/T7D-CT2V1N/3T - Kunshin 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.7-3.7V - Ƙarfin Wuta 110mW - Farin Tsantsa - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

19-217/T7D-CT2V1N/3T ƙaramin LED ne mai haɗa kai (surface-mount) wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani waɗanda ke buƙatar aiki mai dogaro na nuni ko hasken baya. Wannan LED mai launi ɗaya, Farin Tsantsa, yana amfani da guntu na InGaN wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin resin mai watsawa mai launin rawaya. Babban fa'idarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin rage girman ƙafarsa sosai idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da suka gabata na lead-frame, wanda ke ba da damar ƙara yawan adadin abubuwan da za a haɗa a kan allunan PCB, rage buƙatun ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan kayan aiki na ƙarshe. Ƙirar mara nauyi ta ƙara sanya shi cikakke don aikace-aikacen da za a iya ɗauka da kuma waɗanda ke da ƙarancin sarari.

1.1 Siffofi na Ciki da Bin Ka'idoji

Ana ba da na'urar a cikin kaset mai girman 8mm akan reels masu diamita inci 7, wanda ke tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitattun kayan haɗawa da sanya ta atomatik. An ƙera shi don amfani da hanyoyin haɗa ta hanyar reflow na infrared da na tururi. Samfurin ya bi ka'idoji masu mahimmanci na muhalli da aminci: ba shi da gubar (Pb-free), yana bin umarnin EU RoHS, ya cika buƙatun EU REACH, kuma an rarraba shi a matsayin Ba shi da Sinadarin Halogen, tare da abun ciki na Bromine (Br) da Chlorine (Cl) kowannensu ƙasa da 900 ppm kuma jimlar su ƙasa da 1500 ppm. Wannan ya sa ya dace don amfani a kasuwanni masu tsauraran ka'idojin muhalli.

1.2 Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

LED ɗin yana da fa'ida da yawa kuma ana samun amfani da shi a sassa da yawa. Aikace-aikacen gama gari sun haɗa da hasken baya don dashbodin motoci da maɓalli, ayyukan nuni da hasken baya a cikin na'urorin sadarwa kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks, hasken baya mai lebur don LCDs, maɓalli, da alamomi, da amfani na nuni na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar ƙaramin tushen haske mai farin haske.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Bayani Mai zurfi da Haƙiƙa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani game da iyakokin lantarki, na gani, da na zafi na LED, waɗanda su ne tushe don ƙirar da'ira mai dogaro da haɗa tsarin.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewa ta dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ƙimomin ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne. Manyan ma'auni sune: matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 30mA, da kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba (IFP) na 40mA wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle 1/10 a 1kHz). Matsakaicin ƙarfin wuta (Pd) shine 110mW. Na'urar na iya jure Wutar Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD) na 150V bisa Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM). Kewayon zafin aiki (Topr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, kuma zafin ajiya (Tstg) ya bambanta daga -40°C zuwa +90°C. An ƙayyade iyakokin zafin haɗawa don hanyoyi biyu: haɗa ta hanyar reflow a 260°C na dakika 10 da haɗa da hannu a 350°C na iyakar dakika 3.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na Ta=25°C da IF na 20mA. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da kewayon al'ada daga 360.0 mcd zuwa 900.0 mcd, tare da jurewar ±11%. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) ita ce digiri 130, yana ba da haske mai faɗi. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) ya bambanta daga 2.70V zuwa 3.70V. An ƙayyade halin yanzu na baya (IR) a matsakaicin 50 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a cikin bias na baya ba; ma'aunin VR na don dalilai na gwajin IR kawai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman ƙananan ma'auni na aiki don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Intensity Binning)

Ana rarraba fitarwar haske zuwa lambobin kwandon guda huɗu (T2, U1, U2, V1) dangane da ƙananan da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfi da aka auna a IF=20mA. Misali, lambar kwandon T2 ta ƙunshi ƙarfi daga 360.0 mcd zuwa 450.0 mcd, yayin da lambar kwandon V1 ta ƙunshi mafi girman kewayon daga 715.0 mcd zuwa 900.0 mcd. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da jurewar ±11% a cikin kowane kwandon.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)

An rarraba ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba zuwa lambobi biyar (10, 11, 12, 13, 14), kowanne yana wakiltar kewayon 0.2V. Lamba 10 ta shimfiɗa daga 2.70V zuwa 2.90V, kuma lamba 14 ta shimfiɗa daga 3.50V zuwa 3.70V. Jurewar ±0.1V ya shafi. Zaɓin LEDs daga takamaiman kwandon ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance halin yanzu mafi daidaito, musamman a cikin jerin LED masu layi daya.

3.3 Rarrawa Matsayin Launi (Chromaticity Coordinate Binning)

Ana sarrafa daidaiton launi na hasken Farin Tsantsa ta hanyar rarraba matsakaicin launi akan zanen CIE 1931. Takardar bayanin ta ayyana lambobin kwandon huɗu (1, 2, 3, 4), kowanne a matsayin yanki mai siffar huɗu akan jirgin saman (x, y). Misali, Kwandon 1 yana da iyaka da maki (0.274, 0.226), (0.274, 0.258), (0.294, 0.286), da (0.294, 0.254). Jurewar waɗannan ma'auni shine ±0.01. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa hasken farin da aka fitar ya faɗi cikin kewayon launi mai hasashe da kunkuntar.

4. Bincike akan Lissafin Aiki

Yayin da PDF ɗin yana nuni zuwa lissafin halayen lantarki da na gani na al'ada da Zanen Launi na CIE akan takamaiman shafuka, ainihin bayanan hoto (misali, lissafin IV, ƙarfin dangi vs. halin yanzu, ƙarfi vs. zafin jiki) ba a bayar a cikin abun cikin rubutu ba. A cikin cikakkiyar takardar bayanin, waɗannan lissafin suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba. Masu ƙira yawanci suna amfani da irin waɗannan lissafin don ƙididdige aiki a halin yanzu na tuƙi daban-daban ko yanayin zafi na muhalli, don fahimtar rarraba ƙarfin bakan, da kuma ganin wurin launi akan zanen launi dangane da kwandon da aka ayyana da kuma wurin Planckian.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED ɗin yana da ƙaramin kunshi na SMD (Surface Mount Device). Zanen girma yana nuna ma'auni masu mahimmanci ciki har da tsayi, faɗi, da tsayi, tare da daidaitaccen jurewar ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Takamaiman girmansu suna ayyana girman ƙafar da ake buƙata akan PCB da kuma sararin da ake buƙata sama da allon.

5.2 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity) da Ƙirar Ƙafar Haɗawa (Pad Design)

Kunshin ya haɗa da alamomi ko siffofi na tsari (kamar kusurwar da aka yanke ko ɗigo) don nuna tashar cathode (maras kyau), wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen alkibla yayin haɗawa. Yawanci ana ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (tsarin ƙafa) akan PCB don tabbatar da haɗa daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa

Sarrafa da haɗa daidai yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin LED da dogaro.

6.1 Ma'auni na Haɗa ta Hanyar Reflow

An ƙididdige na'urar don haɗa ta hanyar reflow mara gubar tare da kololuwar zafin jiki na 260°C na dakika 10. Ya kamata a bi shawarar bayanin martabar zafin jiki don dumama da sanyaya na'urar a hankali, rage girgizar zafi. Haɗa ta hanyar reflow bai kamata a yi sama da sau biyu akan na'urar ɗaya ba.

6.2 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi

Ana kunna LEDs a cikin jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da desiccant. Kada a buɗe jakar har sai an shirya abubuwan don amfani. Bayan buɗewa, LEDs da ba a yi amfani da su ba yakamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% Danshi Dangi (RH) kuma a yi amfani da su cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Idan wannan taga ya wuce ko kuma idan mai nuna desiccant ya nuna jikewa, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60 ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani don cire danshin da aka ɗauka da hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

6.3 Kula da Haɗa da Hannu da Gyara

Idan haɗa da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne zafin ƙarshen guntun ƙarfe ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tashar bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Ana ba da shawarar guntun ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wuta (≤25W). Yakamata a kiyaye tazarar sanyaya aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin haɗa kowane tasha. Ana ƙarfafa hana gyara bayan haɗa na farko. Idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, yakamata a yi amfani da guntun ƙarfe na haɗawa mai kai biyu na musamman don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, yana hana damuwa na injiniya akan mutuwar LED. Dole ne a tantance yuwuwar lalacewa na halayen saboda gyara a baya.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ma'auni na Reel da Kaset

Ana ba da abubuwan akan reels masu diamita inci 7 tare da kaset mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm. Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 3000. An ba da cikakkun girmen reel da girmen aljihun kaset mai ɗaukar kaya don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan ciyar da na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik.

7.2 Bayanin Lakabi

Lakabin kunshi yana ɗauke da lambobi da yawa: CPN (Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki), P/N (Lambar Samfur), QTY (Adadin Kunshi), CAT (Matsayi/Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken), HUE (Matsayin Launi & Matsayin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon), REF (Matsayi/Matsayi na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba), da LOT No (Lambar Lot don bin diddigin).

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

8.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu da Kariya

LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na waje a jere tare da LED don hana guduwar zafi da konewa. Ko da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na iya haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya lalata. Yakamata a ƙididdige ƙimar resistor dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na LED (ta yin amfani da matsakaicin ƙimar daga kwandon ko takardar bayanin don aminci), da halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (ba wuce 30mA ci gaba ba).

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi (Thermal Management)

Ko da yake ƙarfin wuta yana da ƙasa (110mW matsakaici), ingantaccen sarrafa zafi akan PCB yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye dogon lokaci mai dogaro da kwanciyar hankali na fitar haske, musamman lokacin aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli ko a manyan halin yanzu na tuƙi. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla a kusa da ƙafafun LED yana taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi.

8.3 Kariya daga Wutar Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD Protection)

Tare da ma'aunin ESD na 150V (HBM), na'urar tana da matsakaicin hankali. Yakamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa, haɗawa, da gwaji. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da tashoshi na aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da kwantena masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki.

9. Kwatanta Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Manyan bambance-bambancen LED 19-217 sune haɗuwar ƙaramin siffar siffarsa, faɗin kusurwar kallo digiri 130, da bin ka'idojin muhalli na zamani (RoHS, REACH, Ba shi da Sinadarin Halogen). Idan aka kwatanta da manyan LEDs na rami, yana ba da damar ajiye sarari sosai. Tsarin rarraba da aka ayyana don ƙarfi, ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da launi yana ba masu ƙira damar aiki mai hasashe, wanda ke da mahimmanci a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton gani, kamar jerin hasken baya ko alamomin matsayi.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha

10.1 Wane ƙimar resistor ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi tare da wutar lantarki 5V?

Yin amfani da Dokar Ohm (R = (Vsupply - Vf) / If) da ɗauka mafi munin yanayi Vf na 3.7V (daga Kwandon 14) da manufa If na 20mA, lissafin shine R = (5V - 3.7V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. Yakamata a zaɓi mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima (misali, 68 Ohms), kuma a duba ƙimar wutar resistor (P = I^2 * R).

10.2 Shin zan iya kunna wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ba idan na yi amfani da tushen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi daidai da Vf?

A'a. Ana ƙarfafa hakan sosai. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana da kewayon kuma yana bambanta da zafin jiki. Tushen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da aka saita zuwa ƙimar Vf na al'ada baya daidaita halin yanzu. Ƙananan bambance-bambance na iya haifar da halin yanzu mai yawa, wanda ya wuce Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni kuma ya haifar da gazawar nan take ko a hankali.

10.3 Me ya sa lokacin ajiya bayan buɗe jakar ya iyakance zuwa kwanaki 7?

Kunshin filastik na abubuwan SMD na iya ɗaukar danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na haɗa ta hanyar reflow, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsa lamba na ciki wanda zai iya fashe kunshin ko raba yadudduka na ciki - wani abu da aka sani da "popcorning." Iyakar kwanaki 7 ita ce ƙididdigar lokacin bayyanar da aminci don wannan matakin hankali na danshi.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙira panel iko tare da LED ɗin nuni farare da yawa. Don tabbatar da haske iri ɗaya, ƙayyade LEDs daga kwandon ƙarfin haske ɗaya (misali, duk daga U1: 450-565 mcd). Don sauƙaƙe ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu don ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gama gari, ƙayyade LEDs daga kwandon ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ɗaya ko kunkuntar. Faɗin kusurwar kallo digiri 130 yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin alamomin daga kusurwoyi daban-daban ba tare da buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu ba. Ƙaramin girman kunshi yana ba su damar sanya su kusa da maɓalli ko lakabi. Bin Halogen-Free da RoHS yana da mahimmanci don sayar da samfurin ƙarshe a kasuwannin duniya.

12. Gabatarwa akan Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan LED na'urar hoto ce ta semiconductor. Tsakiyarsa ita ce guntu da aka yi da kayan Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce bakin kofa na diode, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons—haske. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na InGaN yana ƙayyade tsawon zangon hasken da aka fitar. A wannan yanayin, hasken shuɗi da aka fitar daga guntun an canza shi zuwa tsayin zango masu tsayi ta hanyar phosphor mai launin rawaya da ke cikin resin mai watsawa da ke kewaye, wanda ke haifar da fahimtar hasken "Farin Tsantsa". Resin mai watsawa kuma yana taimakawa wajen watsar da haske, yana haifar da faɗin kusurwar kallo.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar LED yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (lumens da yawa kowace watt), ingantaccen bayyana launi, da ƙara ƙananan ƙira. Don LEDs irin na nuni na SMD, ana mai da hankali kan samun mafi haske a cikin ƙananan kunshi, faɗaɗa gamut na launi, da ƙara inganta dogaro da aikin zafi. Haɗa da'irar tuƙi ko fasalulluka na kariya a cikin kunshin LED kuma yanki ne na ci gaba. Bin muhalli, kamar yadda aka gani tare da wannan na'urar ta bin ka'idojin Halogen-Free, ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin zaɓin ɓangaren a cikin masana'antar lantarki.