SMD LED Mai Rarrabe Ruwan Tabarau Biyu-Launi (Ja/Kore) - Girman Kunshin - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.8-2.4V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 72mW - Takardar Bayanin Fasaha

1. Duba Abun Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) diode mai haskakawa (LED) wacce ke da tsarin biyu-launi (Ja da Kore) a cikin kunshi ɗaya. Na'urar tana amfani da ruwan tabarau mai rarrabawa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen samun mafi faɗi da daidaitaccen rarraba haske, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ayyukan nuna alama ko hasken baya tare da bambancin launi. An gina LED ta amfani da fasahar AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don duka guntu na launi, wanda aka sani da inganci da haske. An ƙera shi don ya dace da kayan aikin sarrafa kai-da-sanya da daidaitattun hanyoyin siyar da reflow na infrared, yana daidaitawa da hanyoyin kera na'urorin lantarki na zamani.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ma'auni yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ana ƙayyade waɗannan ƙimomi a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Don guntun ja da kore, ana ƙididdige ci gaba na DC na gaba a 30 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba, wanda ya shafi yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, 0.1ms faɗin bugun jini), shine 80 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin juyawa da aka halatta shine 5 V. Jimlar ragewar wutar lantarki ga kowane guntu shine 72 mW. An ƙididdige na'urar don aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana ta a cikin yanayi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna mahimman sigogi na aiki a Ta=25°C da daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji (IF) na 20 mA.

• Ƙarfin Haskakawa (Iv):Ga guntun ja, mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haskakawa shine 112.0 mcd, tare da matsakaicin 280.0 mcd. Guntun kore yana da mafi ƙarancin 71.0 mcd kuma matsakaicin 224.0 mcd. Ba a ƙayyade ƙimar al'ada ba, yana nuna an sarrafa aikin ta hanyar binning.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Matsakaicin cikakken kusurwar dubawa shine digiri 120, ma'ana kusurwar kashe-axis inda ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axis shine digiri 60. Wannan faɗin kusurwa sifa ce ta ruwan tabarau mai rarrabawa.
• Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon:Guntun ja yana da matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λP) na 639 nm da tsayin tsayin rinjaye (λd) na 631 nm. Guntun kore yana da matsakaicin λP na 574 nm da λd na 571 nm. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm don ja da 15 nm don kore.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (VF):Ƙarfin gaba ga duka launuka ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 1.8 V zuwa matsakaicin 2.4 V a 20 mA, tare da lura da jurewar ±0.1 V.
• Ƙarfin Juyawa (IR):Matsakaicin ƙarfin juyawa shine 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin juyawa (VR) na 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara dangane da ƙarfin haskakawarsu. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske.

3.1 Binning Launin Ja

An rarraba ƙarfin haskakawa don guntun ja zuwa kwandon shara huɗu: R1 (112.0-140.0 mcd), R2 (140.0-180.0 mcd), S1 (180.0-224.0 mcd), da S2 (224.0-280.0 mcd).

3.2 Binning Launin Kore

Guntun kore yana amfani da kwandon shara biyar: Q1 (71.0-90.0 mcd), Q2 (90.0-112.0 mcd), R1 (112.0-140.0 mcd), R2 (140.0-180.0 mcd), da S1 (180.0-224.0 mcd). Ana amfani da jurewar ±11% ga kowane kwandon shara na ƙarfi.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana nuni zuwa daidaitattun lanƙwasa na halaye na lantarki da na gani. Yayin da ba a ba da takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, irin waɗannan lanƙwasa yawanci suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin gaba da ƙarfin gaba (lanƙwasa IV), bambancin ƙarfin haskakawa tare da ƙarfin gaba, dogaro da zafin jiki na ƙarfin gaba da ƙarfin haskakawa, da rarraba ƙarfin bakan. Binciken waɗannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba, kamar ƙarfin tuƙi daban-daban ko yanayin zafin muhalli.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Na'ura da Sanya Fil

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshi na EIA. An yi nuni da takamaiman zanen girma. Sanya fil don LED biyu-launi kamar haka: Fil 1 da 2 an sanya su ga guntun ja, kuma fil 3 da 4 an sanya su ga guntun kore. Duk girmansu suna cikin milimita, tare da jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba.

5.2 Kunshi na Tepe da Reel

Ana samar da abubuwan a cikin tepe na 8mm akan reels masu diamita inci 7, masu dacewa da haɗawa ta atomatik. Kowane reel ya ƙunshi guda 2000. Kunshi yana bin ƙayyadaddun EIA-481-1-B. Bayanan kula sun ƙayyade cewa an rufe aljihunan fanko, mafi ƙarancin adadin oda don ragowar shine guda 500, kuma ana ba da izinin mafi girman abubuwan da suka ɓace guda biyu a jere a kowane reel.

6. Jagororin Siyayya da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Siyayya ta Reflow

Don hanyoyin siyar da maras gubar, ana ba da shawarar bayanin reflow na infrared wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B. Mahimman sigogi sun haɗa da zafin jiki na riga-kafi na 150-200°C, lokacin riga-kafi har zuwa daƙiƙa 120 matsakaici, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin sama da ruwa (ko a kololuwa) na daƙiƙa 10 matsakaici. Ya kamata a yi reflow sau biyu matsakaici.

6.2 Siyayya ta Hannu

Idan ana amfani da ƙarfe na siyar da, zafin ƙarshen bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin siyar da kowane gaba ya kamata a iyakance zuwa daƙiƙa 3 matsakaici. Ya kamata a yi siyar da hannu sau ɗaya kawai.

6.3 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Don buhunan hana danshi da ba a buɗe ba tare da busassun abu, ya kamata a adana LEDs a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe, yanayin ajiya ya kamata ya zama ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Abubuwan da aka cire daga ainihin kunshinsu ya kamata su sha reflow na IR cikin sa'o'i 168. Don ajiya fiye da wannan lokacin, ana ba da shawarar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin haɗawa.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi kamar barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafin jiki na kasa da minti ɗaya. Dole ne a guji sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba saboda suna iya lalata kunshin.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan LED biyu-launi ya dace sosai don alamomin matsayi, alamomin wutar lantarki/caji, hasken baya don gumaka ko alamomin da ke buƙatar jihohin launi biyu (misali, kunna/kashe, aiki/tsaye, tafiya/jira), da nunin kayan lantarki na mabukaci. Ruwan tabarau mai rarrabawa ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake son faɗin kusurwar dubawa da haske mai laushi, mara kyalli.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Hanyar Tuƙi:LEDs na'urori ne masu sarrafa halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED ko kowane tashar launi. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Vcc), ƙarfin gaba da ake so (IF, yawanci 20 mA), da ƙarfin gaba (VF) na LED: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF.

Gudanar da Zafi:Yayin da ragewar wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen shimfidar PCB don rage zafi aikin kirki ne, musamman a cikin yanayin zafin muhalli mai girma ko lokacin tuƙi kusa da matsakaicin ma'auni.

Matsayi da Sanya:Daidaitaccen alkibla bisa ga zanen sanya fil yana da mahimmanci. Ya kamata a bi shimfidar kafa ta PCB da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da ingantacciyar siyar da da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Mahimman bambance-bambancen wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da ikonsa na biyu-launi a cikin kunshi ɗaya na SMD, yana adana sararin allo idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LEDs guda biyu masu hankali. Amfani da fasahar AlInGaP yawanci yana ba da inganci mafi girma da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na aiki akan zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da wasu tsarin kayan don launuka ja da amber. Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 da ruwan tabarau mai rarrabawa ke bayarwa yana ba da gani mafi faɗi. Daidaitawa da RoHS da dacewa da hanyoyin reflow maras gubar ya sa ya dace da masana'antu na zamani, masu kulawa da muhalli.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q: Zan iya tuƙa guntun ja da kore lokaci ɗaya don ƙirƙirar launin rawaya/lemu?

A: Yayin da yuwuwar lantarki, haɗa launuka ta hanyar tuƙa guntu biyu yana buƙatar kulawar halin yanzu don cimma takamaiman launi. Takardar bayanin ba ta ba da ƙayyadaddun launuka gauraye ba, don haka sakamako na iya bambanta. Don haɗa launuka na musamman, ana ba da shawarar LED na RGB na musamman tare da ƙayyadaddun daidaitattun launi.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayin kololuwa da tsayin tsayin rinjaye?

A> Tsayin tsayin kololuwa (λP) shine tsayin tsayin da rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma. Tsayin tsayin rinjaye (λd) an samo shi daga zanen daidaitattun launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin tsayin guda ɗaya na bakan wanda ya dace da launin da aka gane na LED. λP ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a aikace-aikacen nuni.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen kwandon shara don aikace-aikacena?

A> Zaɓi kwandon shara bisa ga mafi ƙarancin haske da ake buƙata don ƙirar ku a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi (misali, matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba, babban zafin jiki). Yin amfani da kwandon shara tare da mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfi yana ba da gefen ƙira. Ana samun daidaito a cikin raka'a da yawa a cikin samfur ta hanyar ƙayyade lambar kwandon shara guda ɗaya.

10. Harka na Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Alamar Matsayi Biyu don Na'urar da ake ɗauka

A cikin na'urar lura da lafiya ta hannu, ana iya amfani da wannan LED don nuna matsayin baturi. Lokacin da baturi ke caji, LED kore yana haskakawa. Lokacin da baturi ya yi ƙasa, LED ja yana haskakawa. Filin GPIO na microcontroller na iya sarrafa kowane launi ta hanyar sauƙaƙan da'irar canjin transistor tare da resistor na jerin. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin matsayin daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Dole ne ƙirar ta yi la'akari da bambancin ƙarfin gaba kuma ta tabbatar cewa an ƙididdige resistor mai iyakancewa daban don kowane launi idan an tuƙa shi daga layin wutar lantarki ɗaya, kodayake kewayon VF ɗinsu yayi kama a wannan yanayin.

11. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Haskakawa a cikin LED na AlInGaP ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba a kan haɗin p-n, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yankin aiki. Haɗuwarsu yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor a cikin yankin aiki. Ruwan tabarau mai rarrabawa, yawanci an yi shi da epoxy ko silicone tare da barbashi masu watsawa, an gyara shi akan guntu. Wannan ruwan tabarau yana watsa hasken, yana faɗaɗa tsarin fitarwa daga ƙunƙun katako zuwa faɗi, kamar rarraba Lambertian, ta haka yana ƙara ingantacciyar kusurwar dubawa.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a SMD nuna alama LEDs ya ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (fiye da lumens kowace watt), yana ba da damar irin wannan haske a ƙananan halin yanzu, wanda ke rage amfani da wutar lantarki da samar da zafi. Hakanan akwai tuƙi don ƙananan ƙira yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani. Ingantaccen dogaro a ƙarƙashin mawuyacin yanayin muhalli (zafin jiki, zafi) shine abin da ake mai da hankali akai-akai. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa launuka da yawa har ma da na'urorin sarrafawa na ciki (kamar LEDs na RGB masu adireshi) a cikin daidaitattun ƙafafun kunshi yana zama gama gari, yana ba da mafi girman aiki a kowace yanki akan PCB.