Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED na LTS-4817SKR-P - Tsawon Lamba 0.39-inch - Ja Mai Girma - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.6V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTS-4817SKR-P na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) ce da aka ƙera a matsayin nunin lamba guda ɗaya. Babban aikinta shine samar da bayanan lambobi masu haske da bayyananne a cikin aikace-aikacen lantarki daban-daban. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) akan substrate na GaAs don samar da halayen launin Ja Mai Girma. Wannan zaɓin kayan yana da mahimmanci don cimma haske mai girma da inganci a cikin bakan ja. Nunin yana da fuskar launin toka tare da sassan fari, haɗin da aka ƙera don haɓaka bambanci da karantawa, musamman a cikin yanayin hasken muhalli. An ƙera shi musamman don dacewa da hanyoyin haɗawa ta baya, yana ba da sassauci a cikin ƙirar PCB da kyan gani na samfur na ƙarshe.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi Masu Muhimmanci

• Girman Lamba:Yana da tsawon lamba 0.39-inch (10.0 mm), yana ba da ma'auni tsakanin bayyanawa da ingantaccen sararin allo.
• Ingancin Sashe:Yana ba da sassa masu ci gaba, iri ɗaya don bayyanar harafi mai daidaituwa ba tare da gibi ko rashin daidaituwa ba.
• Ingancin Wutar Lantarki:An ƙera shi don ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da baturi ko masu kulawa da makamashi.
• Aikin Gani:Yana ba da haske mai girma da bambanci mai girma, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen karantawa. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana kiyaye bayyanawa daga mahanga daban-daban.
• Amincewa:Yana amfana da ingantaccen inganci na ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki ba tare da sassa masu motsi ba, yana haifar da dogon rayuwar aiki.
• Rarraba:Ana rarraba na'urori (a cikin kwandon shara) don ƙarfin haske, yana ba da damar daidaita haske a cikin nunin lambobi da yawa.
• Yin Biyayya:Kunshin ba shi da gubar, an ƙera shi daidai da umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hadari).

1.2 Gano Na'ura

Lambar sashi LTS-4817SKR-P tana bayyana mahimman halayen na'urar: nunin lamba guda ɗaya tare da fitar da Ja Mai Girma, tsarin anode gama gari, da maki goma na hannun dama. Wannan takamaiman tsari yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira da taswirar fil.

2. Zurfin Bayanin Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki da na'urar akai-akai a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki Kowane Sashe:Matsakaicin 70 mW.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba Kowane Sashe:90 mA (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini: 1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms).
• Ci gaba da Halin Gaba Kowane Sashe:25 mA a 25°C. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa a layi daya a 0.28 mA/°C yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu sama da 25°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Jiki:Yanayin aiki da adanawa shine -35°C zuwa +105°C.
• Jurewar Gini:Yana iya jure gini na ƙarfe a 260°C na tsawon dakika 3, an auna 1/16 inch ƙasa da matakin wurin zama.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne madaidaicin sigogin aiki da aka auna a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):Ya bambanta daga 500 µcd (ƙarami) zuwa 1600 µcd (na al'ada) a halin gaba (I_F) na 1 mA. A I_F=10 mA, matsakaicin ƙarfin shine 20,800 µcd. Ana auna ƙarfin ta amfani da tacewa wanda ya dace da lanƙwasa amsa ido na CIE photopic.
• Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon:Matsakaicin tsawon tsawon fitarwa (λ_p) shine 639 nm (na al'ada). Tsawon tsawon rinjaye (λ_d) shine 631 nm (na al'ada). Ramin rabin faɗin bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm (na al'ada). Waɗannan suna ayyana fitarwar launin ja mai tsabta.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):Kowane guntu LED, yawanci 2.6V tare da matsakaicin 2.6V a I_F=20 mA. Ƙaramin shine 2.05V.
• Halin Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 µA a ƙarfin baya (V_R) na 5V. Wannan siga don dalilai na gwaji ne kawai; ba a nufin na'urar don ci gaba da aikin baya ba.
• Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfi:Matsakaicin ƙarfin haske tsakanin sassa a cikin yankuna masu haske iri ɗaya shine 2:1 matsakaici a I_F=1 mA, yana tabbatar da bayyanar iri ɗaya.
• Maganar Tsaka-tsaki:An ƙayyade zai zama ≤ 2.5%, yana rage ƙarancin haske da ba a so tsakanin sassa maƙwabta.

2.3 Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Bayanin bayanin yana nuna cewa an "rarraba na'urori don ƙarfin haske." Wannan yana nufin ana gwada LED ɗin kuma a raba su (a cikin kwandon shara) dangane da fitowar hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji. Wannan tsari yana tabbatar da cewa lokacin da aka yi amfani da lambobi da yawa a cikin nuni guda ɗaya (kamar agogo ko mita), duk lambobin za su sami daidaitaccen matakin haske, yana hana lamba ɗaya bayyana a fili duhu ko haske fiye da maƙwabta. Masu ƙira za su iya ƙayyade lambar kwandon shara don tabbatar da wannan daidaito.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanin bayanin yana nuni ne zuwa madaidaicin lanƙwasa aiki waɗanda ke wakiltar alaƙa tsakanin mahimman sigogi. Duk da yake ba a ƙayyade takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, madaidaicin lanƙwasa don irin wannan na'urar yawanci zai haɗa da:

• Halin Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni, mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Hasken da Halin Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, har zuwa matsakaicin iyakokin ƙima.
• Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Yana kwatanta raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi, yana nuna mahimmancin sarrafa zafi.
• Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan:Jadawali da ke nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a cikin tsayin daban-daban, yana mai da hankali kan kololuwar 639 nm.

Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna ba da damar injiniyoyi suyi hasashen halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi marasa daidaito (halin yanzu daban-daban, yanayin zafi) da inganta ƙirar su don aiki da inganci.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar tana da takamaiman girma na zahiri tare da jurewa na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an faɗi in ba haka ba. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da iyakoki akan kayan waje a cikin sassa (≤10 mil), gurɓataccen tawada na saman (≥20 mils), kumfa a cikin sassa (≤10 mil), lanƙwasa mai nuni (≤1% na tsawonsa), da matsakaicin burr na fil ɗin filastik (0.14 mm). Cikakken zane mai girma yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB.

4.2 Da'ira ta Ciki da Pinout

Nunin yana da tsarin anode gama gari. Zanen da'ira na ciki yana nuna fil goma suna haɗawa da anodes da cathodes na sassa bakwai (A-G) da maki goma (DP).

Teburin Haɗin Fil:

• Fil 1: Cathode E
• Fil 2: Cathode D
• Fil 3: Anode Gama Gari
• Fil 4: Cathode C
• Fil 5: Cathode DP (Maki Goma)
• Fil 6: Cathode B
• Fil 7: Cathode A
• Fil 8: Anode Gama Gari
• Fil 9: Cathode F
• Fil 10: Cathode G

Fil 3 da Fil 8 duka suna haɗe zuwa anode gama gari a ciki. Wannan ƙirar fil ɗin anode biyu tana taimakawa wajen rarraba halin yanzu da sarrafa zafi.

4.3 Tsarin Gini da Aka Ba da Shawara

Bayanin bayanin yana ba da ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) guda biyu daban-daban: ɗaya don hawa na al'ada da ɗaya don hawa na baya. Tsarin hawan baya ya haɗa da yankewa a cikin PCB. Yin amfani da daidaitaccen tsari yana da mahimmanci don samar da haɗin gini mai kyau, kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da cimma tasirin gani da ake nufi (matsakaicin hawa don hawan baya).

5. Jagororin Gini da Haɗawa

5.1 Umarnin Gini na SMT

An yi nufin na'urar don haɗa fasahar haɗawa ta saman (SMT). Muhimman umarni sun haɗa da:

• Gini na Reflow (Hanya ta Farko):Matsakaicin zagaye biyu na reflow. Ana buƙatar lokacin sanyaya zuwa yanayin zafi na al'ada tsakanin zagayen.
  • Pre-heat: 120–150°C
  • Lokacin Pre-heat: Matsakaicin dakika 120
  • Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki: Matsakaicin 260°C
  • Lokaci Sama da Liquidus: Matsakaicin dakika 5
• Gini na Hannu (Ƙarfe):Ya kamata a iyakance ga gyara sau ɗaya. Matsakaicin zafin ƙarfe shine 300°C tare da matsakaicin lokacin gini na dakika 3 kowane haɗin gwiwa.

Wuce waɗannan bayanan martabar zafi ko ƙididdiga na iya lalata kunshin filastik ko mutuwar LED na ciki.

5.2 Hankalin Danshi da Ajiya

Ana jigilar nunin SMD a cikin kunshin hana danshi. Dole ne a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% Danshi Dangi (RH). Da zarar an buɗe jakar da aka rufe, sassan suka fara ɗaukar danshi daga iska. Idan ba a yi amfani da sassan nan da nan ba kuma ba a adana su a cikin ingantaccen yanayi bushewa (misali, akwatin bushewa) ba, dole ne a gasa su kafin aikin ginin reflow don hana "popcorning" ko fashewar kunshin da haɓakar tururi mai sauri ke haifarwa yayin dumama.

Yanayin Baking (sau ɗaya kawai):

• Sassa a cikin Reel: 60°C na ≥48 hours.
• Sassa a cikin Bulk: 100°C na ≥4 hours ko 125°C na ≥2 hours.

6. Bayanin Tattarawa da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

Ana samar da na'urar akan tef ɗin tef da reel don haɗawa ta atomatik. Bayanin bayanin yana ƙididdige girma don duka reel ɗin tattarawa da tef ɗin mai ɗauka.

• Girman Reel:An bayar don daidaitattun girman reel.
• Girman Tef ɗin Mai ɗauka:An ba da ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban don na'urorin hawa na al'ada da na baya, suna nuna mabanbantan yanayinsu a cikin tef ɗin. Muhimman ƙayyadaddun tef ɗin sun haɗa da juzu'in taron taron, iyakoki na camber, da bin ka'idojin EIA-481-C.
• Adadi:Madaidaicin reel ɗin inci 13 ya ƙunshi guda 800. Ƙaramin adadin abin da ya rage shine guda 200.
• Tef ɗin Jagora/Tirela:Reel ɗin ya haɗa da jagora (mili 400 mafi ƙanƙanta) da tirela (mili 40 mafi ƙanƙanta) don sarrafa inji.

6.2 Alama da Ganowa

Tef ɗin mai ɗauka ya haɗa da alamun Lambar Sashe, Lambar Kwanan Wata, da Lambar Kwandon Shara, yana ba da cikakkiyar ganowa don manufar ƙira da ingancin sarrafawa.

7. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

LTS-4817SKR-P ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nunin lamba guda ɗaya mai haske, amintacce, a cikin tsarin SMD mai ƙarami. Amfanin gama gari sun haɗa da:

• Kayan lantarki na mabukaci: ma'auni na dijital, lokaci na dafa abinci, nunin kayan aikin sauti.
• Kayan aikin masana'antu: mitoci na panel, karatun kayan aiki, alamomin yanayin tsarin sarrafawa.
• Bayan kasuwan mota: gungu na ma'auni, kwamfutocin tafiya.
• Na'urorin likita: na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto inda ƙarancin wutar lantarki da babban bambanci suke da mahimmanci.
• Kayan aiki: tanda na microwave, injunan wanki, thermostats (musamman tare da hawan baya don kyakkyawan kyan gani, haɗe-haɗe).

7.2 Muhimman La'akari da Ƙira

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Resistor na iyakance halin yanzu na jerin ko da'irar direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu wajibi ne ga kowane sashe ko anode gama gari don hana wuce matsakaicin halin gaba na ci gaba, musamman la'akari da raguwa tare da zafin jiki.
• Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:Duk da yake ɓarnar wutar lantarki ƙarami ne kowane sashe, dole ne a yi la'akari da zafin da aka haɗa daga sassa da yawa a cikin ƙirar lambobi da yawa ko aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma. Isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB da iska suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki masu aminci.
• Kyan Gani na Hawan Baya:Lokacin amfani da zaɓin hawan baya, tabbatar cewa an sarrafa yankewar PCB daidai kuma an bi tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar don cimma tsaftataccen bayyanar, tare da gaban panel.
• Kariya ta ESD:Ko da yake ba a bayyana shi a fili a cikin wannan bayanin bayanin ba, AlInGaP LEDs na iya zama mai hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kulawa na ESD na al'ada yayin haɗawa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

LTS-4817SKR-P ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar halaye masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Fasahar Kayan (AlInGaP):Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP, AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen ingancin haske da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki don launukan ja da amber, yana haifar da nunin haske tare da mafi daidaitaccen launi akan zafin jiki da rayuwa.
• Ƙarfin Hawan Baya:Ba duk nunin LED na SMD ne aka ƙera ko siffanta su don hawan baya ba. Takamaiman jurewar injiniya na na'urar da samar da sawun ƙafa sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai aminci ga wannan hanyar ƙira.
• Rarraba Ƙarfi:Tabbacin daidaita ƙarfin (matsakaicin 2:1) wata muhimmiyar fasaha ce ga nunin lambobi da yawa, tana kawar da rashin daidaituwar haske da zai iya faruwa tare da sassan da ba a cikin kwandon shara ba.
• Faɗin Kusurwar Kallo & Babban Bambanci:Haɗin fasahar guntu, fuskar launin toka, da sassan fari an ƙera su don samar da ingantaccen karantawa daga faɗin kusurwoyi idan aka kwatanta da nunin tare da haɗin launuka daban-daban.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q1: Menene bambanci tsakanin "tsawon tsawon kololuwa" da "tsawon tsawon rinjaye"?
A1: Tsawon tsawon kololuwa (λ_p) shine tsawon tsawon da bakan fitarwa yake da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Tsawon tsawon rinjaye (λ_d) shine tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda ya dace da launin da LED ɗin ya gane. Ga LED ja mai kunkuntar bakan kamar wannan, suna kusa (639 nm vs. 631 nm), amma λ_dya fi dacewa da fahimtar launin ɗan adam.

Q2: Me yasa akwai fil ɗin anode gama gari guda biyu (3 da 8)?
A2: Samun fil ɗin anode guda biyu yana taimakawa wajen rarraba jimillar halin gaba (wanda shine jimillar duk sassan da aka haskaka) a kan alamun PCB guda biyu da haɗin gini. Wannan yana inganta sarrafa halin yanzu, yana rage dumama alamun, da haɓaka ingancin haɗin injiniya.

Q3: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nunin tare da fil ɗin microcontroller kai tsaye?
A3: A'a. Fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller na al'ada ba zai iya samar da ko nutse da isasshen halin yanzu (25 mA kowane sashe, mai yuwuwa sama da 175 mA ga duk sassan idan an nuna lambar '8') kuma zai lalace. Dole ne ku yi amfani da direbobi na waje (kamar jerin transistor ko takamaiman IC direban LED) waɗanda microcontroller ke sarrafa su.

Q4: Menene ma'anar "derating linear daga 25°C" don ci gaba da halin gaba?
A4: Yana nufin matsakaicin halin yanzu na aminci na ci gaba yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu sama da 25°C. Abin da ya rage shine 0.28 mA/°C. Misali, a yanayin zafi na 50°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu zai kasance: 25 mA - [0.28 mA/°C * (50°C - 25°C)] = 25 mA - 7 mA = 18 mA kowane sashe.

Q5: Shin ana buƙatar baking koyaushe bayan buɗe jakar?
A5: Ana buƙatar bakingkawai idanan fallasa sassan ga danshin muhalli a waje da ƙayyadaddun yanayin ajiya (≤30°C/60% RH) na wani lokaci wanda ke ba da damar ɗaukar danshi, kuma kafin su shiga aikin ginin reflow. Idan an yi amfani da su nan da nan ko an adana su a cikin yanayi bushewa, ƙila ba za a buƙaci baking ba. Tuntuɓi alamar MSL (Matakin Hankalin Danshi) akan jakar don takamaiman iyakokin lokacin fallasa.